磷肥用量对甜玉米磷素吸收利用的影响

Understanding the phosphorus (P) absorption mechanism is the premise for high P utilization and high crop yield. In this study, the effects of different P rates (0, 37.5, 75, 150, and 300 kg hm^-2, expressed as P0, P1, P2, P3, and P4, respectively) on sweet corn yield, biomass and P accumulation and tissue distribution, P transportation and P utilization were studied using a two-year P gradient positioning field experiment. Our results showed that P application significantly increased the fresh ear yield of sweet corn, but the yield difference among different P application rates (P1-P4) was not significant from 2018 to 2019 compared with P0 treatment. P application significantly increased the biomass and P accumulation of sweet corn plants at jointing, silking and fresh eating stages, respectively. In addition, P accumulation in grain was not significant different, which accounting for 42% of plant P accumulation. With P application, the contribution rate of P assimilation to the ear P accumulation was 57.3%-93.0% after anthesis, while the fresh ear yield per P accumulation, P physiological efficiency, agronomic efficiency, recovery efficiency and partial productivity decreased with P rates. Considering the yield and utilization efficiency of phosphate fertilizer, the supply of 37.5 kg hm^-2 of phosphate fertilizer can meet the needs of high yield and efficient utilization of phosphate fertilizer in sweet corn in this experiment.     

几种饲料作物在内蒙古呼和浩特地区的生产性能评价

在内蒙古呼和浩特地区,种植并评价了6种(品种)饲用高粱和高丹草类植物的生产性能及作为饲用植物的价值。结果表明,此类植物具有高产、饲用价值高、利用方便等特点,应用前景广阔,可以考虑作为饲用玉米和苏丹草类植物的换代产品。从植物产量、叶量和分蘖特性等方面综合考虑,饲用高粱大力士和高丹草健宝明显优于其他品种,可以作为该地区的首选推广品种。     

Growth and Apparent Absorption of Minerals in Broiler Chicks Fed Diets with Low or High Tannin Contents

Sorghum grains with low (0.28 per cent catechin equivalent (%CE) or high (1.36 %CE)) tannin contents were used to study the effect of tannin on growth and on the apparent absorption of Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Fe and Co by chickens. High-tannin sorghum caused a highly significant (p0.01) reduction in the weight gain and feed intake of broiler chicks compared to low-tannin sorghum and increased the feed conversion ratio (p0.01). The amount of tannin did not affect mortality. The apparent absorption of Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Fe and Co was reduced (p0.01) by feeding sorghum grains with a high tannin content.     

红薯藤地面青贮技术研究

为了解决旱季青绿多汁饲料短缺和全年饲料供应不平衡问题,在昆明市东川荣森种猪场进行了鲜红薯藤地面青贮技术研究,以葡萄渣、麦麸及糠类作为吸附剂,以不同比例(10%∶90%、20%∶80%及30%∶70%)混合进行青贮,结果以20%吸附剂与80%鲜红薯藤混合进行地面青贮最好,制成率97.6%以上,青贮pH 3.8、颜色正常、酒香味很好,总体评价为上等青贮。     

Control of soil rot of sweet potato by the incorporation of the fresh aerial tissue of Geranium carolinianum L. into the soil

In a previous study, we found that a 70% aqueous ethanol extract of the fresh aerial tissue of Geranium carolinianum L. showed antimicrobial activity against the pathogen causing soil rot of sweet potato. As the appropriate time for cultivation of sweet potato and the growing period of G. carolinianum do not overlap in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, the fresh aerial tissue is available in order to control soil rot of sweet potato. Thus, we examined the control effect of fresh aerial tissue against soil rot of sweet potato. The various trials (a single repetition of 20 m²) were performed in fields that had undergone 8 years of continuous cropping of sweet potato at Okinawa Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station, Horticultural branch. After harvest, when the disease severity was evaluated by determining the necrotic area of the storage root, the incorporation of fresh aerial tissue (5000 kg 1000 m^-2) into the soil was considered to be highly effective, with a protective value of 75.4. This result shows that G. carolinianum could be used as a biological agent for the control of soil rot of sweet potato.     

First report of the Q biotype ofBemisia tabaci in Japan by mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequence analysis

The recent upsurgence ofBemisia tabaci (Genn.) as an important insect pest and vector ofTomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is directly linked to serious damage to tomato crops grown throughout Japan. The molecular genetic identification and phylogenetic relationships of 12B. tabaci populations collected from representative locations in Japan were determined based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) sequence. Phylogenetic analysis of the whitefly mtCOI sequence indicated that both the invasive B and Q biotypes now occur in Japan. The Q biotype was found at four locations: Mihara in Hiroshima, Nishigoshi in Kumamoto, Miyanojo and Okuchi in Kagoshima prefectures; the remaining eight collections were identified as the B biotype. This is the first report of the introduction of Q biotype in Japan. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 21, 2006.     

甘薯地土壤线虫群体分布规律及取样方法研究

在5年连作甘薯地,于甘薯移栽前和移栽后的不同时间,调查甘薯穴中和穴间、株间和行间以及各样点不同土层线虫的群体数量。分析明确了植物寄生线虫和非植物寄生线虫群体的水平分布和垂直分布规律,提出了研究和了解甘薯地土壤线虫发生动态的调查取样方法。     

Leaf necrosis and twig dieback of sweet persimmon (Dyospiros kaki L.) caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae in Italy

In spring 1996, extensive leaf necrosis and twig dieback were observed on young sweet persimmon (Dyospiros kaki L.) trees, cultivars O'Gosho, Hachija, Mercatelli and Kaki-tipo planted in the Abruzzo region (central Italy). Many trees were killed. When the dieback reached the trunk, in many cases, new vegetation was noticed above the graft point. The cultivar Jiro-C was not affected by the disease. During 1997, no symptoms were observed on any plant. The orchard was planted in a clay soil with a very low content of organic matter. Biochemical, nutritional and pathogenicity tests indicated Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae van Hall as the causal agent of the disease. This is the first report of this bacterium as a pathogen of sweet persimmon in Europe.     

棚栽日本网纹甜瓜病虫害发生情况调查

针对网纹甜瓜生长最为关键的开花和座果期进行了网纹甜瓜的病虫害系统调查。调查结果显示,网纹甜瓜主要病虫害有温室白粉虱、蚜虫、美洲斑潜蝇、瓜绢螟、蛞蝓、枯萎病、霜霉病和病毒病;发生最严重的害虫是温室白粉虱,其次是蚜虫,其后依次是美洲斑潜蝇、瓜绢螟和蛞蝓,最高虫口密度分别达57头/叶、35头/叶、6头/株、27头/百株、21头/百株;在病害中,最早出现的病害是霜霉病,然后是病毒病和枯萎病。霜霉病病株率从3%不断上升至11%;病毒病病株率从3%不断上升至15%,枯萎病病株率从1%上升至8%,其中以枯萎病造成的损失最重。     

Osmotically Primed Seed and Seedling Reactions to Variations in Day/Night Temperature

The effects of alternating day/night temperatures, varying in maxima and minima but all averaging 30 °C, on germination and seedling characteristics of Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench) were investigated. Seeds of sorghum CSV 15 were soaked in 2, 4 or 6 g NaCl l⁻¹ solutions for 2 days at 25 °C, soaked in water for 1 day at 25 °C, or untreated. After treatment, drying and storage, seeds were germinated at 30/30 (day/night), 35/25, 40/20 or 41/19 °C temperature regimes under a polyethylene glycol-induced drought level of −3 bar. Results revealed no advancement of germination percentage but a partial increase in germination speed by osmotic seed treatments. All three osmotic treatments also reduced the plumule/radicle ratio owing to a speculated increase in root over shoot growth. Temperature regimes significantly influenced both germination and seedling characteristics with the optimum temperature appearing to be 35/25 °C. Increasing the temperature amplitude from 30/30 to 35/25 °C increased germination speed, which was reduced by incremental increases in temperature amplitude to 40/20 or 41/19 °C.