Penetration, Development and Emigration of Juveniles of the Nematode Meloidogyne arenaria in Myrobalan Plum (Prunus cerasifera) Clones Bearing the Ma Resistance Genes

Penetration, development and emigration of M. arenaria in the roots of three Myrobalan plum (Prunus cerasifera) clones genetically characterized for their resistance to root-knot nematodes (RKN) were studied during the 10 (penetration) and 15 (emigration) days following the date of inoculation (D) of 2500 juveniles (J2s) per plant into the soil. Miniaturized tests were conducted on the two resistant clones P.2175 (Ma1 gene) and P.1079 (Ma2 gene) and the susceptible clone P.2032 (recessive for both genes), obtained from micropropagated plantlets and grown in mini-containers under controlled conditions at 25°C in a growth chamber. For penetration and development studies, nematodes in the roots were recovered by the acid fuchsin-lactophenol staining technique. Equivalent numbers of J2s were recovered in all the clones at D+1 and D+2. Subsequently, the numbers increased rapidly in P.2032 and were significantly different from those in P.1079 and P.2175 that remained at a low level. No swollen larvae were observed in the resistant clones. In P.2032, the first swollen larvae were observed at D+4, the first females were observed at D+12, whereas the first females with attached egg sacs and the first new-generation J2s were obtained between D+21 and D+28. Our data suggest that the resistance phenomenon does not act on the very early nematode penetration but acts later by preventing feeding-site induction and development into the third-stage. For emigration studies, plants in which J2s had been allowed to penetrate for two days (from D to D+2) were washed free of soil, repotted and then, after various periods of growth, soil-free roots were placed under a mistifier to evaluate the numbers of emigrating individuals. Emigration of J2s from the roots occured mainly from D+2 to D+4 in all the genotypes and was very limited from D+4 to D+10. There was no significant differences in the number of emigrated juveniles between the resistant and susceptible clones, indicating that emigration cannot explain the difference in the numbers of nematodes recovered in the roots.     

天山北坡经济带人口分布与经济发展研究

人口分布是影响经济发展的重要因素。人口分布与经济分布的最基本属性是不均衡性,人口与经济的空间集中化是区域发展的内在规律。本文从人口与经济发展的关系出发,通过对天山北坡经济带人口数量、人口密度、人口分布等因素与经济发展相关关系及动态演进的多方面分析,为天山北坡经济带进一步实施人口与经济空间集中化战略,建立起人口、经济与环境协调发展的区域格局提供一些理论依据与对策。     

包头市城市环境与经济协调发展分析与评价

运用层次分析法从综合环境效益和综合经济效益两个方面构建指标体系,建立研究模型,定性与定量相结合,从包头市城市环境与经济发展的协调度方面,确定包头市环境与经济协调发展的类型,对2001年-2005年以来包头市的城市环境与经济协调发展状况进行了分析与评价。     

淮安红椒产业现状及发展对策

结合淮安红椒产业发展现状、特色以及存在的问题,提出成立淮安红椒产业发展办公室、培植壮大龙头企业、建设规模的淮安红椒标准园、成立淮安红椒研发中心、发展淮安红椒文化产业等相应对策.     

无核葡萄杨格尔的胚发育及胚珠培养

早熟无核葡萄杨格尔的胚珠可正常受精。绝大多数受精旺在花后27～33天开始败育,仅个别胚可继续发育至大球形胚甚至心形胚。当胚发育最为充分而又尚未败育时取胚珠进行培养,存活胚的比例较高。胚珠培养的培养基内附加低浓度秋水仙碱对无核葡萄胚珠内胚的离体发育有良好的促进作用。胚珠培养萌发成苗的技术尚需要进一步系统的研究。     

用于病毒细菌凝集试验的固体免疫剂的研制和应用

用于制备固体免疫剂的液体免疫剂最佳组合：ＴＭＶ,ＣＭＶ和ＴｕＭＶ抗血清的稀释度分别为１／２５６、１／６４和１／１２８,金黄色葡萄球菌菌悬液浓度为１１％、０．０１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＰＢＳ的ｐＨ值为７．０,甘油浓度为１０％。液体制剂冻干过程的降温方式为二步法。固体制剂贮藏条件的最佳组合：含水量为３．２％,贮藏温度为－１０℃。固体制剂在－１０℃贮藏１年后,采用病毒细菌凝集试验检测ＴＭＶ,ＣＭＶ和ＴｕＭＶ纯病毒     

日光温室膜下滴灌水肥耦合技术对番茄生长发育的影响

采用二因素二次通用旋转组合设计方法,在日光温室膜下滴灌条件下研究了水肥耦合技术对番茄生长发育的影响,结果表明:灌水和施肥对番茄各项生长发育指标的影响均十分显著,有利于番茄生长发育的最佳水肥耦合方案为灌水量2 722.5-2 836.95 m3/hm2、施肥量265.5～294.45 kg/hm2.     

豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂对4种寄主植物上美洲斑潜蝇幼虫的选择性及适合度

在室内研究了豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂对4种寄主植物上美洲斑潜蝇2龄末-3龄初幼虫的选择性和寄生蜂子代生长发育及存活情况。结果表明,豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂雌蜂对不同寄主植物具有选择性差异,对菜豆选择性最强,对番茄选择性最低,斑潜蝇被致死率和被寄生率分别为96.1%、71.4%和73.4%、52.1%;在4种寄主植物上,寄生蜂对寄主的寄生数与致死数比值无显著差异。寄生不同寄主植物上斑潜蝇幼虫的豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂从卵发育到成虫的历期存在差异,在黄瓜上历期最长,为10.21d;寄生蜂蛹期稍短于卵期与幼虫期之和;但寄生不同寄主植物上斑潜蝇幼虫的寄生蜂卵孵化率、幼虫存活率、羽化率无显著差异。     

食物氮含量对意大利蝗生长发育和卵巢面积的影响

为合理预测意大利蝗Calliptamus italicus的种群动态,分别用1%（对照）、4%和7%氮含量的食物饲喂意大利蝗5龄蝗蝻,测定不同氮含量食物处理后意大利蝗5龄蝗蝻的生长速率,羽化后7 d的体长、股节长、胫节长、翅长、翅宽、体重及羽化后1、7、13和19 d的卵巢面积。结果显示,4%氮含量食物处理试虫的生长速率最大,分别较1%和7%氮含量处理的增加了88.02%和109.33%;4%和7%氮含量食物处理后,意大利蝗成虫的后翅宽和体重均显著高于对照;羽化后7 d,不同氮含量食物处理的意大利蝗卵巢面积出现显著差异,羽化后19 d,4%氮含量食物处理的卵巢面积显著高于其他2个处理。表明中等氮含量（4%氮含量）适宜意大利蝗生长。     

精准扶贫视角下食用菌产业发展现状及模式建议

食用菌产业扶贫是践行"精准扶贫"理念、解决贫困地区产业基础薄弱和贫困户收入来源单一问题的重要途径.以"精准扶贫"为视角,分析食用菌产业扶贫现状及问题,提出要精准识别食用菌产业发展基础、精准统筹产业发展资源和精准探索产业管理模式等建议,为全面提升贫困地区食用菌产业质量,拓宽产业发展路径,确保如期完成脱贫任务.