硼调控干旱胁迫下马铃薯生长发育及抗性的生理机制

为了探讨叶面喷施硼（Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O溶液）对马铃薯植株在干旱胁迫下生长发育及抗性的影响及其生理机制,在甘肃省景泰县条山集团马铃薯种植基地,对中度干旱和轻度干旱处理的两垄地,每隔3 m进行一个硼浓度（Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O）喷施处理,浓度依次为0、10、20、30、40、60 g·L^-1,每个浓度（3 m长）的喷施量为166.7 ml。结果表明：叶面喷施硼相对增加了干旱胁迫下马铃薯的块茎产量及生物量,使干旱胁迫下叶片含水量和色素含量下降幅度减小;叶面喷施硼还从整体上表现为抗氧化酶活性的提高,并抑制了超氧阴离子产生速率的增加。通过去花与不去花植株生长发育的比较,发现去花后马铃薯植株地上部分重和地下部分重均有所下降,但施硼相对提高了块茎产量及地下部分重。可见,叶面喷施硼能促进马铃薯植株在干旱胁迫下的生长发育,提高其抗旱性及块茎产量,且这种变化可能与其促进光合产物向地下部分输送密切相关。     

坡改梯效益研究现状与发展趋势

坡改梯工程是我国水土保持以及农田建设的一项重要举措,近年来对此展7＂1-~科学研究也很多。本文综述了有关梯田的设计、水土保持效益、护埂措施以及坡改梯对土壤质量与土壤水分的影响方面的研究现状,并对有关梯田研究的发展趋势进行了预测。     

网络时代高校非图情专业馆员的职业生涯规划构想

从图书馆员个人的角度,对图书馆员的职业发展现状和所处的各种环境进行了分析,提出在信息网络时代非图情专业人员在职业发展上所面临的机遇和挑战,只有做好职业生涯规划并实施,才能更好的提升业务能力。     

实现高校图书馆可持续发展的信息服务

在全球可持续发展战略思想的指导下,结合图书馆的工作实际,提出图书馆可持续发展的概念、必要性及其内容。同时就图书馆信息化管理和新形式信息服务的必要性进行了分析,并提出了具体策略。     

环首都贫困带的信息服务资源开发和利用

文章介绍了环首都贫困带信息资源开发的现状,分析了贫困地区对于开发信息资源的重要性认识不足、在信息资源的开发和利用上极不均衡等问题,从提高对信息服务资源开发的重视程度并加大投资力度,将信息服务资源的开发利用与经济发展紧密联系,加快信息网络的基础建设,以及加强对信息服务者和使用者的培养和教育等方面提出了解决贫困带的信息资源开发利用问题的对策。     

黑斑口虾蛄幼体的发育

对黑斑口虾蛄（Oratosquilla kempi）幼体各时期在解剖镜与显微镜下进行观察，发现黑斑口虾蛄幼体发育经过11个假蚤状幼体期。在水温24-29℃、盐度22-32的条件下，从第Ⅰ期假蚤状幼体（Z1）发育至第Ⅺ期假蚤状幼体（Z11）历时24-27d；第Ⅺ期假蚤状幼体（Z11）发育至第Ⅰ期稚虾蛄历时4-7d。本文详细地描述了从第Ⅰ期假蚤状幼体（Z1）至第Ⅺ期假蚤状幼体（Z11）以及第Ⅰ期稚虾蛄的形态特征，并与口虾蛄（O.oratoria）的发育形态进行比较，以为黑斑口虾的开发利用提供生物学基础资料。     

日本鳗鲡仔鱼摄食机理及其营养策略

鳗鲡属(Ａｎｇｕｉｌｌａ)鱼类共有19种和亚种,其中以欧洲鳗鲡(Ａ.ａｎｇｕｉｌｌａ)和日本鳗鲡(Ａ.ｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ)最为重要。鳗鲡属鱼类发育需经历奇特的柳叶状仔鱼(ｌｅｐｔｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓｌａｒｖａ)阶段,其人工育苗技术是一道世界难题。柳叶状仔鱼现象仅见于真骨鱼类最原始的一个类群海鲢总目Ｅｌｏｐｏｍｏｒｐｈａ(鳗鲡目Ａｎｇｕｉｌｌｉｆｏｒｍｅｓ,海鲢目Ｅｌｏｐｉｆｏｒｍｅｓ,背棘鱼目Ｎｏｔａｃａｎｔｈｉｆｏｒｍｅｓ)。有关柳叶状仔鱼的发育策略,已从形态学、生理学及生物化学等方面进行了不少研究,但柳叶状仔鱼…     

Digestive enzyme activity during early larval development of the Cuban gar Atractosteus tristoechus

The ontogenesis of digestive enzymes (proteases, amylases, lipases, and phosphatases) in Cuban gar Atractosteus tristoechus was determined in larvae between 5 and 18 days after hatching (DAH). Variations in specific activities of most enzymes were related to the transition from endogenous to exogenous feeding and to the transition from the larval to the juvenile stage. Alkaline protease activity was not detected until 8 DAH in contrast to acid protease activity, which was quantifiable at 5 DAH. Acid protease activity was consistently higher than alkaline protease activity, indicating the presence of a functional stomach in the early stages of larval development. The acid protease activities of larvae and adults were compared by means of zymogram analysis. Four acid protease bands were found in adults (two more than in larvae). This result is the first time that more than one band of acid proteolytic activity has been found in Lepisosteidae. High lipase activity indicated the importance of lipid utilization, particularly during yolk-sac absorption. In contrast to the other enzymes studied, amylase activity was consistently low, probably due to the strictly carnivorous diet of gar larvae and their low capacity for carbohydrate digestion. High activities of aminopeptidase and acid and alkaline phosphatases suggest intestinal absorption. This result, together with the existence of a short gut and a lower proteolytic activity in the intestine than in the stomach, suggest that most of the proteolytic activity takes place in the stomach, while the primary function of the intestine is nutrient uptake.     

Morphological development of post hatch larval goldlined seabream Rhabdosargus sarba (Forskål, 1775)

Ultrastructural changes in Rhabdosargus sarba larva in early life history were investigated. At hatching, the digestive system was histologically undifferentiated. The digestive tract was a straight tube attached to the dorsal end of the yolk‐sac and was not connected to either the mouth or the anus. The layer of gut epithelium at some regions of the luminal surface was straight and microvilli were not present. These straight borders were not observed at 1 day post hatching (DPH) onwards as microvilli increased in number on the luminal surface and became more regular. At 2 DPH, the digestive system was well differentiated and the separation of the mid‐ and hindgut by the intestino‐rectal valve became more advanced. At 0 DPH, the eye was spherical and the retina had a zonation with undifferentiated cells. The eye also lacked differentiated photoreceptors (PR). The retinal PRs increased in length and in number as the yolk‐sac was absorbed. By 2 DPH, the eye was fully pigmented, suggesting that the larval vision system was functional. The larvae had a pure cone retina at the onset of exogenous feeding. Morphological and functional differentiation of the digestive tract and the eye of the larvae preceded the completion of yolk and oil globule absorption. The oil globule was exhausted at 4 DPH and at 2 DPH, the yolk‐sac was completely absorbed. Food particles were observed at 3 DPH. Food particle ingestion and absorption of the yolk‐sac were observed as vision became fully functional.     

Early development of the shortfin silverside Chirostoma humboldtianum (Valenciennes, 1835) (Atheriniformes: Atherinopsidae)

The shortfin silverside Chirostoma humboldtianum has been considered for culture in Mexico, but success has been limited by a poor knowledge of its early development. First synthesis of the early development of the shortfin silverside is presented to determine conditions suitable for rearing. Brooder maturation was induced through photothermal cycles. C. humboldtianum ova were fertilized in vitro. The eggs were incubated in reconstituted water (160-180 mg/L CaCO₃) at 18 °C and 5 gm of NaCl per litre. During the hatching day, 300 shortfin silversides were stocked and followed up until metamorphosis in order to establish the timing of exogenous feeding, changes in food type, growth and development during critical periods for survival, according to the theory of saltatory ontogeny. Free embryos hatched 12 days after fertilization at 18 °C. First critical point for survival is the beginning of exogenous feeding. Free embryos started mixed feeding on day four of post-hatching (dph), point of no-return was presented towards the end of mixed feeding on 6 dph, larval period began at six (dph) when the anus is opened, and metamorphosis to juvenile was presented at 65 dph with a SL of 19.34 ± 2.28 mm, when scales and fins were well developed. Differences in growth between periods were detected: free embryos growth slower than larvae but mouth size depicted a larger growth rate in the former. Cephalic length and mouth size were negatively related to standard length in embryos and larvae. Mouth size was positively related to cephalic length in free embryos but negative in larvae. Results suggest that during the free embryo phase, growth priorities are directed to the development of apparatuses and systems; whereas, during the larval period, energy is directed to growth in length, mouth size and development of fins, which allows them to increase their swimming velocity, grants them a greater capacity to obtain exogenous food and, in consequence, increases fitness for survival.