向海尖底泡沼泽沉积物磁化率特征及其环境意义

以吉林省向海自然保护区尖底泡沼泽湿地为研究对象,通过210Pb,137Cs建立高分辨率年代序列,并结合沉积物粒度指标,分析沉积物粒度与磁化率变化的相关性,对向海近几百年的环境变化进行探讨.结果表明:历史时期内陆沼泽沉积物频率磁化率反映的向海气候变化可划分3个阶段,并与粒度的分析结果基本一致.沼泽沉积物磁化率可以作为恢复历史时期环境变化的指标之一.     

Characterisation of a Quantitative Resistance to Vector Transmission of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium

Two wild genotypes from the same species Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium, WVA106 (susceptible) and INRA-Hirsute (so-called ‘resistant’), were compared with respect to their reaction to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus isolate Réunion (TYLCV-Mld[RE]), using both whitefly-mediated inoculation and graft inoculation. Disease incidence and symptom severity were scored. Presence and quantification of viral DNA were assessed by dot blot hybridisation. Upon insect inoculation, accession INRA-Hirsute showed a moderate resistance against TYLCV that was overcome by a high inoculation pressure obtained by increasing the cumulative number of inoculative whiteflies. Temporal analyses of the disease progress in relation to this criterion exhibited that the protection was quantitative, mainly reducing the TYLCV-Mld[RE] incidence by at maximum 50% at low inoculation pressure. When graft inoculated, the final TYLCV-Mld[RE] disease incidence was 100% in both susceptible and resistant genotypes with severe symptoms, suggesting a reduction of virus transmission by a vector resistance as a possible mechanism. Implications of using such type of resistance in breeding programmes are discussed.     

粘粒含量——夏季风的良好替代指标

通过对位于东亚季风区尾闾部位的沙沟剖面、东部半湿润区王官剖面、东部湿润区扣马剖面的气候代用指标的分析发现 ,黄土地层中 <5 μm的粘粒含量指标对各剖面中黄土-古土壤序列指示得比较清晰 ,可以较好地反映东亚夏季风的变化。对黄土地层中粘粒含量的测试及其环境意义分析以及与经典的东亚夏季风的替代指标———磁化率、红度指标 (a )的对比分析发现 ,粘粒含量指标的意义比较明确 ,适应范围更广 ,灵敏性也较高 ,是一比较可靠的、新的东亚夏季风的良好替代指标。     

Mature-plant resistance of potato plants against potato virus YO (PVYO)

Summary Mature-plant resistance of potato plants against potato virus Y^O (PVY^O) was studied in field experiments in 1976–1979 in southern Sweden. At intervals of 7 days, from mid June until mid August, PVY^O was mechanically inoculated to one well-developed upper leaf per stem of each plant. Each week, a new group of plants were inoculated. In 1976–1977, the natural spread of PVY^O by aphids was studied in relation to three different stages of potato plant development. The results of mechanical inoculation demonstrated that mature-plant resistance increases during July in southern Sweden but there were great differences between developmental stages. Early planting with sprouted seed resulted in plants with a considerable mature-plant resistance in mid July when late developed potato plants still were very susceptible.

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Zusammenfassung In Südschweden wurden zwischen 1976 und 1979 Untersuchungen durchgeführt, um zu prüfen, wann und in welchem Mass die Sorte Bintje im Sommer eine Altersresistenz gegen das Kartoffelvirus Y^O (PVY^O) ausbildet. 1977 wurden drei Gruppen von Kartoffelpflanzen unterschiedlicher Entwicklungsstadien mit PVY^O mechanisch inokuliert und von Mitte Juni bis fast Mitte August wurden jede Woche neue Gruppen von Pflanzen inokuliert. Nach der Ernte Anfang September wurden die Knollen auf PVY^O geprüft. Ebenso wurde die natürliche übertragung von PVY^O durch L?use von PVY^O-Infektorpflanzen auf benachbarte gesunde Pflanzen in drei verschiedenen Entwicklungsstadien untersucht. Die Ergebnisse der mechanischen Inokulation von Kartoffelpflanzen-früh und normal entwickelt-zeigen, dass die Altersresistenz der Sorte Bintje im Juli anstieg und Anfang August fast vollst?ndig ausgebildet war. Wurden die Kartoffeln sp?t gepflanzt, waren die Pflanzen Ende Juli noch sehr anf?llig für eine mechanische Inokulation und ein grosser Teil der Knollen war PVY^O-infiziert (Abb. 1, Tab. 2). Die natürliche übertragung von PVY^O bei verschiedenen Entwicklungsstadien der Pflanzen zeigte, dass die Zahl PVY^O-infizierter Knollen anstieg, wenn die Kartoffeln sp?t im Vergleich zur normalen Pflanzzeit gelegt wurden, mit und ohne Vorkeimung (Tab. 3). Die st?rkere Ausbreitung von PVY^O im Jahr 1976 gegenüber 1977 (Tab. 3) k?nnte mit dem st?rkeren Auftreten und der früheren Ausbreitung der L?use, vor allem vonRhopalosiphum padi (Tab. 4), im Jahr 1976 in Beziehung stehen.

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Résumé Des expérimentations sont menées dans le sud de la Suède entre 1976–1979; elles ont pour but de déterminer à quel moment et jusqu'à quelle limite des plantes de la variété Bintje présentent la résistance à maturité vis-à-vis du virus Y^O (PVY^O) au cours de l'été. En 1977, trois groupes de plantes à différents stades de développement sont inoculés mécaniquement avec PVY^O et chaque semaine, de la mi-juin à la mi-ao?t, de nouveaux groupes sont inoculés. Après la récolte, début septembre, des tubercules sont indexés pour déterminer PVY^O. La dissémination naturelle de PVY^O par les aphides, est également étudiée à partir de plantes-sources de PVY^O vers des plantes voisines saines, présentant trois différents stades de développement. Les résultats de l'inoculation mécanique de plantes à deux stades de développment précoce et normal, montrent que la résistance à maturité augmente pendant le mois de juillet pour la variété Bintje et est pratiquement totale vers le début du mois d'ao?t. Lorsque la plantation est tardive, les plantes sont encore très sensibles à l'inoculation mécanique et une forte proportion de tubercules est contaminée par PVY^O (figure 1, tableau 2). La dissémination naturelle de PVY^O pour des plantes à différents stades, montre que la proportion de tubercules atteints de PVY^O augmente lorsque les tubercules sont plantés tardivement par rapport à la date normale, avec ou sans prégermination (tableau 3). La dissémination plus importante de PVY^O en 1976 par rapport à 1977 (tableau 3) pourrait être correlée à celle des aphides également plus importante et plus précoce en 1976, notamment celle deRhopalosiphum padi (tableau 4).

     

Morphological disparities in the epidermal and anatomical features of the leaf among wild Brassica juncea populations

In the present article, we investigated the epidermal and anatomical features of 10 wild Brassica juncea populations with different susceptibilities to glyphosate in detail. The characteristics of the leaf surface and anatomy could affect the efficacy of glyphosate uptake in weeds through the influence of its adherence and penetration. Our results showed that herbicide-resistant wild populations generally had greater leaf thickness, adaxial cutin thickness, and trichome density in the upper epidermis, but lower spongy tissue thickness and vascular bundle numbers, as compared with the susceptible populations, suggesting that differences in morphological traits among populations might contribute to their variable response to glyphosate. The possible morphological involvement in the differential susceptibility of wild B. juncea populations to glyphosate also was discussed.     

生物反应器培养BHK-21悬浮细胞增殖伪狂犬病病毒工艺优化

旨在筛选伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）敏感的BHK-21细胞并分析其生长和病毒增殖特性,优化反应器中BHK-21悬浮细胞的培养和病毒增殖条件,建立生物反应器培养BHK-21悬浮细胞增殖PRV工艺。本研究利用响应面和单因素优化法,以细胞生长动力学特性、TCID₅₀病毒滴度等参数为指标,优化1.2 L生物反应器中BHK-21悬浮细胞的最佳培养和增殖病毒条件,在5 L生物反应器中进一步批培养验证。结果显示,筛选获得PRV高敏感的BHK-21-02贴壁细胞和BHK-21-XF02悬浮细胞各1株,BHK-21-XF02悬浮细胞在含3%血清的SLM-BHK低血清培养基和SFM-BHK无血清培养基中均能实现良好的生长和病毒增殖。利用响应面法优化得到1.2 L反应器最佳培养条件为接种密度1.20×10⁶cells·mL^-1、搅拌转速120 r·min^-1、DO值40%,5 L反应器批培养72 h细胞密度可达（7.61±0.18）×10⁶ cells·mL^-1、细胞活率为（96.93±1.18）%。利用单因素法优化得到1.2 L反应器最佳病毒增殖条件为MOI 0.001、培养温度37℃、细胞密度2.0×10⁶cells·mL^-1、搅拌转速80 r·min^-1,5 L反应器批培养接毒后48 h病毒滴度达到最大值（7.13±0.11） lgTCID₅₀·mL^-1。本研究可为PRV疫苗相关研究和规模化生产提供参考。     

Isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility of Plesiomonas shigelloides from great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo hanedae) in Gifu and Shiga Prefectures,Japan

Plesiomonas shigelloides is a causal agent of gastroenteritis, sepsis and meningitis in humans. We examined the prevalence of P. shigelloides among great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo hanedae) in Japan and the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates. P. shigelloides was isolated from 33 (47.8%) of 69 fecal samples from great cormorants in 2014. All 33 isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using broth microdilution methods, which showed resistance to ampicillin (31 isolates, 93.9%), tetracycline (two isolates, 6.1%) and trimethoprim (one isolate, 3.0%). The high prevalence of P. shigelloides in the great cormorants implicates the possible microbiological risk to public health.     

Relationship between three novel SNPs of BRCA1 and canine mammary tumors

The BRCA1 gene plays an important role in the development of human breast cancer, and recent research indicated that genetic variations of BRCA1 are also related to canine mammary tumors (CMTs). Here, using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), we cloned the 5′- and 3′-UTRs of BRCA1. By direct sequencing of the flanking sequences of the 5′- and 3′-UTRs of BRCA1, three previously unreported single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified, two (−1228T >C, −1173C >T) in the putative promoter regions and one non-synonymous SNP (63449G >A) in exon 23. Compared with 16 normal samples, the sequences from 34 CMTs suggested that SNP (−1173C >T) was associated with the development of CMTs (odds ratio (OR)=2.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07–6.15).     

Isolation,Identification and Analysis of Serotype and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Pathogenic Salmonella from Chickens

To investigate the situations of predominant strain and antibiotic resistance of pathogenic Salmonella from chickens in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, Salmonella was pre-enriched and isolated from tissues of clinical suspected chickens, and the Salmonella isolates were identified by biochemical test using ID 32E System for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae of VITEK System ATB Expression, serotypes were determined by slid agglutination test, antibiotic susceptibility was analyzed by ATB VET Susceptibility Test Strip of Enterobacteriaceae antibiotics.The results showed that 34 Salmonella strains were obtained from 310 clinical samples, of which 1 strain belonged to A serogroup, 1 to C2 serogroup, 15 to B serogroup, 14 to D serogroup and 3 to untyped serogroup, and S.typhimurium of B serogroup and S.pullorum of D serogroup were the predominant serotypes.All Salmonella isolates were sensitive to meropenem, imipenem, spectinomycine and apramycine, and the resistance rates to chloramphenicol, kanamycine and gentamicine were less than 10%, and the resistance rates to amoxicillin, streptomycine, flumequine, oxolinique, sulfamethizol, tetracycline and nitrofurantoine ranged between 50% and 90%, while the resistance rates to penicilline, oxacilline, fusidique, rifampicine and metronidazole reached to 100%.The results indicated that the serotype distribution of pathogenic Salmonella from chickens exhibited regional characteristics, and S.typhimurium and S.pullorum were the predominant serotypes in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolates was very serious which should be highly concerned.