补充营养对茶银尺蠖成虫寿命和产卵量的影响

茶银尺蠖[Scopula subpunctaria (Herrich-Schaeffer)]是危害茶树的常见害虫之一。为了更好地在实验室内饲养此害虫,获得大量供试虫源,研究了补充不同营养对茶银尺蠖成虫寿命和产卵量的影响。结果表明,成虫补充10%蜂蜜水和10%糖水时,雌成虫平均单雌产卵量显著提高,分别为(152.5±16.83)粒和(177.5±19.01)粒;产卵期显著延长,分别为(17.8±1.08) d和(21.4±1.27) d。补充不同营养对雌成虫产卵期和产卵后期有显著影响,但对产卵前期影响不显著。补充10%糖水时,雌成虫的寿命最长,为(29.1±1.41) d,显著高于其他处理;而在10%蜂蜜水、水和对照处理下,雌成虫寿命分别为(23.8±1.15)、(14.4±0.48)、(6.3±0.37) d。补充10%糖水和10%蜂蜜水时,雄成虫的寿命分别为(21.3±0.93) d和(19.5±1.20) d,显著高于水和空白对照处理。在每个处理下,雌成虫的寿命均高于雄成虫。综上所述,10%糖水可作为成虫补充营养的最佳选择。     

Effect of three insect-resistant maizes expressing Cry1Ie,Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj and Cry1Ab on the growth and development of armyworm Mythimna separata(Walker)

Three transgenic maize events(IE09 S034, Shuangkang 12–5 and C0030.3.5) produced Cry1 Ie, Cry1 Ab/Cry2 Aj and G10-EPSPS, Cry1 Ab and EPSPS, respectively, all of which target the Asian corn borer. The oriental armyworm Mythimna separata(Walker) is the secondary target. In this study, the effects of the three Bt maizes on the development and survival of armyworm were studied. The results showed that IE09 S034 had insecticidal activity against 1 st instar larvae, and the survival rate of armyworm fed with Bt maize for 10 days was 46.2%, significantly lower than that of the control. The larvae at 3 rd–6 th instar were more tolerant of the Bt toxin than the early instar larvae. However, Shuangkang 12-5 had good insecticidal activity against 1 st–5 th instar larvae. The mortality was nearly 100% when the larvae were fed with Shuangkang 12-5 before 3 rd instar, and the toxin had quick-acting efficacy. This event significantly inhibited the development of armyworm; that is, the larval duration of the 3 rd and 4 th instar larvae fed with Shuangkang 12-5 was prolonged by 4.5 and 3.0 days, respectively. The pupal weight and egg number were also significantly lower than those of the control. For C0030.3.5, it could control 1 st–5 th instar larvae effectively. The mortality rates were all over 50% if 1 st–3 rd larvae were fed with this event. The pupal weight of 4 th–6 th instar larvae fed with Bt maize were only 53.9, 56.8 and 54.6%, respectively, compared to that of the control. The number of eggs laid was significantly less than the control. The results indicate that all three transgenic maize events exhibit the potential to provide effective control of early instar larvae of armyworm, which can be commercialized in future to control lepidoptera pests such as Asian corn borer and armyworm.     

Comparison of growth,survivorship, seed production and shedding of eight weed species in a wheat crop in Western Australia

Development of integrated weed management strategies is dependent on a thorough knowledge of the demography of individual species. The current research established eight winter or summer weed species in a winter annual wheat cropping system at Wongan Hills, Western Australia, and investigated emergence of the first cohort of each species, survivorship, plant size, seed production and seed shedding over three years (2016–2019). The winter weeds Bromus diandrus and Lolium rigidum emerged at the same time as the wheat crop, and the initial cohort of marked plants had 100% survival to seed production in each year. By comparison, other winter weed species like Hordeum leporinum, Rumex hypogaeus, Sonchus oleraceus and Polygonum aviculare frequently emerged later than the crop and had a lower percentage of plants surviving to seed production. However, individual S. oleraceus and P. aviculare plants had the greatest seed production compared to other species. All winter weeds had variable patterns of seed shedding between years, with the exception of L. rigidum. Summer weed species emerged at the same time, but plants in the initial cohort of each species did not always survive to produce seed. The early emergence and high survivorship of B. diandrus indicates high competitive ability, but shedding commenced at a similar time to L. rigidum and harvest weed seed control may be a viable control method for this species.     

浙江红花油茶高接换冠成活率影响因素研究

为研究浙江红花油茶高接换冠成活率影响因素,解决嫁接成活率低的问题,2013年6月从中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所引进浙江红花油茶优树穗条,在青田县大垟山林场开展浙江红花油茶高接换冠试验,分析砧木林郁闭度、坡位、砧木生长势及接穗保存时间等因素对嫁接成活率的影响。结果表明,林分郁闭度在0.3~0.7之间,随着郁闭度增加嫁接平均成活率提高;郁闭度在0.7~0.9之间,随着郁闭度增加,嫁接成活率降低;当郁闭度为0.7时,嫁接成活率最高为88.8%。山腰的嫁接成活率高达86%,显著高于山顶和山脚。浙江红花油茶砧木生长势越强嫁接成活率越高。接穗于采集当天嫁接效果最好成活率达89.1%,接穗保存1、2、3、4、5、6天嫁接,成活率分别为85.2%、75.2%、51.6%、28.1%、12.2%、9.3%。偏相关分析表明,各因素对嫁接成活率影响由大到小依次为接穗保存时间(-0.97)、郁闭度(0.85)、生长势(0.81)、坡位(-0.65)。     

皖系白猪早期生长发育规律的研究

皖系白猪2世代猪从初生到90日龄生长迅速,到90日龄时体重达初生重的26倍。断奶对生后的生长发育的影响比较大,但早期断奶可及早锻炼仔猪的采食,并能提高生长期的采食量,从而提高断奶后生长速度。其早期的生长发育规律可用Gompertz模型进行拟合,拟合精度为0.996 3,据此模型可建立皖系白猪的早期生长曲线,为其进一步选育提供理论依据。     

考虑弹塑性耦合的单轴压缩岩样梯度塑性分析

在梯度塑性模型的基础上,假定弹性模量是塑性应变的函数,考虑应变局部化带带内和带外弹性模量的不同变化,对单轴压缩岩样作了考虑弹塑性耦合的梯度塑性分析。该模型同时反映了岩样的弹塑性耦合现象和应变局部化现象。由算例及其分析可知,应变局部化带的宽度与弹塑性耦合无关;弹塑性耦合是峰后曲线下凹部分产生的原因之一;弹塑性耦合对Ⅱ类变形行为的发生有某些抑制作用;仅考虑应变局部化带内的弹性模量与塑性应变耦合时,峰后变形曲线的下凹弯曲更为显著。     

基于计算机视觉的作物行定位技术

针对基于计算机视觉的作物行中心线定位困难问题,提出了基于垂直投影法的作物行定位方法。对作物图像运用过绿特征值分割作物和背景,将得到过绿特征图像划分为若干水平图像条,对图像条过绿特征值进行垂直投影,求取投影曲线上突出峰点的位置;利用稳健回归法对位置点进行线性拟合得到作物的行中心线。采用320×240像素的大豆图像进行作物行定位实验,结果表明采用该方法能够获得较好的定位结果。     

高海拔孵化鸡胚死亡曲线分析

利用2阶段增长曲线模型拟合藏鸡和2种低地鸡及其杂交种蛋在2900m（西藏林芝）和3650m（西藏拉萨）海拔的孵化胚胎死亡曲线，分析海拔高度对不同鸡种胚胎死亡的影响。结果表明该模型适宜拟合鸡蛋高海拔孵化时的胚胎死亡规律，拟合度高。藏鸡是高原适应品种，在2个海拔环境中胚胎死亡率均较低。在2900m海拔孵化时，各品种胚胎第l死亡高峰出现在第2．30～4．05d，第2高峰期出现在第17．20～17．68d．品种间相差不大：但藏鸡的第1高峰期持续时间相时较长，为4．04～9．92d；低地鸡和杂种鸡为2．59～3．93d。海拔从2900m升高到3650m，胚胎死亡率增加33．48％～54．12％；同时藏鸡第2高峰期死亡比例增加7．70％～15．65％；低地鸡第2高峰持续期延长13．7l～15．44d；杂交鸡第1高峰期死亡比例增加了5．55％～7．34％，持续期延长0．15～0．66d。     

影响牧草种子萌发和种苗存活的因素探讨

补播是退化天然草植被恢复过程中的主要措施,种子萌发与种苗存活是植物生活史的关键时期,它可以潜在的影响到植物种群的结构和群落的组成,影响种子萌发和种苗存活的因素不同,所以有必要了解影响这两个过程的因素,提高种子的萌发率和种苗的存活率,加速植被恢复进程.     

思茅松穗条培养研究

研究不同截顶类型对思茅松萌条数量和母株存活的影响,结果表明:采穗母株萌条数量受截顶高度的影响明显,截顶高度8 cm比4 cm的萌条数量多;截顶高度对采穗母株的存活也有较大影响,截顶高度8 cm比4 cm的存活率高.对1年生采穗母株,截顶前的母株高度对采穗母株萌条数量和母株保存率有一定的影响.