石灰性土壤上利用天然沸石活化磷矿粉的初步探讨

在石灰性土壤上以磷矿粉和天然沸石为试材进行盆栽试验,结果表明,在石灰性土壤上沸石对磷矿粉具有较强的活化作用,能使土壤速磷增加１４．１％－５０．５％,植物磷素增加５．０％－２１．７％,大豆产量增加９．８％－２０．７％,另外,沸石的施用量也并非越多越好,在本试验中,沸石以每盆施１２．５ｇ的效果最好。     

植物工厂岩棉块种苗移植机移植部件设计与试验

目前植物工厂岩棉块种苗移植装备自动化程度低,作业时大多依赖于人工,劳动强度大,效率低。基于植物工厂水培叶菜种苗移植现状设计了一种二级变间距的高速移植部件,并配备有一种拨指式定植杯分离辅助机构。对移植手取苗过程中岩棉块种苗进行受力分析,为移植手设计提供依据;开展拨指式定植杯分离辅助机构落杯试验,为后续植苗至栽培槽孔的定植杯中奠定基础。搭建移植机构试验平台,以取苗深度、岩棉块含水率、移植部件横移速度、移植手升降速度、移植手夹苗间距为试验因素进行五因素三水平正交试验,通过方差分析各因素对移植成功率的影响。试验结果表明：当取苗深度为24mm、岩棉块含水率为90%、移植部件横移速度为0.8m/s、移植手升降速度为0.24m/s、移植手夹苗间距为14mm时,机构移植成功率为97.9%,移植速度为3.132株/h,能够满足高速、高效、稳定的植物工厂岩棉块叶菜种苗移植机械化作业的技术需求。     

Protein markers of Marteilia sydneyi infection in Sydney rock oysters, Saccostrea glomerata

Marteilia sydneyi is the causative agent of QX disease in Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata . It is responsible for disease outbreaks among oysters that occur during summer and can result in up to 95% mortality. QX disease has significantly decreased S. glomerata production in some areas of Australia's eastern seaboard over the past 30 years. Marteilia sydneyi sporulates in the digestive gland of oysters leading to complete disorganization of the infected tissues. The current study used proteomics to identify potential molecular markers of sporulating M. sydneyi infection during a field trial undertaken in the Georges River, Sydney, between December 2006 and May 2007. Early stages of M. sydneyi infection were detected by polymerase chain reaction, whilst cytological examination was used to identify sporulating M. sydneyi in the gut. Protein expression in oyster haemolymph was assessed during the M. sydneyi infection period by two dimensional electrophoresis. Proteome maps identified significant differences in the expression of four proteins in oysters with sporulating M. sydneyi infections.     

覆土厚度对裸岩石砾地土壤颗粒迁移过程的影响

为了明确裸岩石砾地土地整治工程中人为构建耕作层的合理覆土厚度,通过室内土柱模拟试验,研究了覆土厚度对裸岩石砾地土壤颗粒迁移过程的影响。根据裸岩石砾地土地整治工程特点,试验共设计4个覆土厚度,分别为5,10,15,20cm,土柱底部装填5cm厚直径为10mm的玻璃珠,试验从土柱下端出水开始记时,共接取渗漏液6h。结果表明:(1)较厚的土层具有较好的保水蓄水能力和较强的土体稳定性,4个土层厚度的水分渗漏量均随着土层厚度增加而减小,水分渗漏速率表现为先增大后减小,最终趋于稳定的趋势;(2)土壤颗粒迁出量与土层厚度呈负相关关系,土壤颗粒累积迁出量与土层厚度的拟合关系式为:y=3.19e-0.11x(R2=0.96);(3)水分渗漏前期往往伴随着大量土壤颗粒的迁出,且土层越薄,水分渗漏量和土壤颗粒迁出量越大,随着渗漏过程的进行土壤颗粒迁出量逐渐减小;(4)迁出颗粒中粉粒含量最高,黏粒次之,砂粒含量最低,且不同粒径土壤颗粒随时间的迁出特征也不同。研究结果为裸岩石砾地土地整治提供了科学依据。     

Dietary eicosapentaenoic acid requirement of juvenile rock bream,Oplegnathus fasciatus

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the optimum dietary level of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3) based on growth and non‐specific immune responses in juvenile rock bream. A basal diet without EPA supplementation was used as a control, and six other diets were prepared by supplementing with 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 or 40 g of EPA per kg diet. The actual EPA concentrations of the diets were 0.5, 4.3, 8.5, 13.0, 16.8, 21.0 and 41.2 g of EPA per kg diet, and the diets were abbreviated as EPA_0.5, EPA_4.3, EPA_8.5, EPA_13.0, EPA_16.8, EPA_21.0 and EPA_41.2, respectively. Triplicate groups of fish averaging 1.06 ± 0.01 g (mean ± SD) were fed one of the seven experimental diets at the apparent satiation for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, weight gain, specific growth rate and feed efficiency of fish fed EPA_16.8, EPA_21.0 and EPA_41.2 diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed EPA_0.5, EPA_4.3, EPA_8.5 and EPA_13.0 diets (p < .05). Superoxide dismutase activity of fish fed EPA_16.8, EPA_21.0 and EPA_41.2 diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed EPA_0.5, EPA_4.3 and EPA_8.5 diets. Fish fed EPA_21.0 and EPA_41.2 diets showed significantly higher lysozyme activity than did fish fed EPA_0.5, EPA_4.3, EPA_8.5 and EPA_13.0 diets. The broken‐line analysis of weight gain indicated that the optimum dietary EPA level was 16.7 g/kg diet. These results suggested that the optimum dietary EPA level in juvenile rock bream could be greater than 16.7 g/kg diet but less than or equal to 16.8 g/kg diet based on the broken‐line analysis and the ANOVA test of weight gain.     

木炭和磷矿石改良堆肥作为玉簪栽培基质研究

为了减少我国花卉无土栽培领域对泥炭资源的依赖,提高园林废弃物的资源化再利用率,以园林废弃物堆肥基质为原材料,木炭和磷矿石为堆肥基质改良剂,选取9种不同混合比例的木炭和磷矿石,添加于园林废弃物堆肥基质中,探讨木炭和磷矿石作为堆肥基质改良剂的协同增效作用以及改良后的堆肥基质作为玉簪栽培基质的可行性。通过对不同处理的堆肥基质理化性质、养分含量和发芽试验,以及对玉簪生物量、叶片光合色素含量和其他生长指标的测定与分析,得出木炭和磷矿石改良园林废弃物堆肥基质的效果显著,最优处理为添加10%木炭和25%磷矿石的园林废弃物堆肥基质。其中,与未添加改良剂的堆肥基质相比,最优处理的堆肥基质容重、pH、电导率分别从0.581g/cm~3、7.64、0.70 mS/cm降低至0.321g/cm~3、6.21、0.38mS/cm,总孔隙度、饱和含水量、阳离子交换量分别从55.32%、56.45%、65.83cmol/kg升高至86.54%、83.95%、131.98cmol/kg,氮、磷、钾含量分别从1.11%、0.03%、0.21%升高至3.02%、0.42%、0.84%;同时,最优处理的堆肥基质栽培下的玉簪总鲜重、总干重、总叶绿素含量分别从349g、76g、7.62 mg/g升高至620g、208g、13.73mg/g。由此可知,木炭和磷矿石作为堆肥基质改良剂不仅可以调节堆肥基质理化性质,增加其养分含量,还可以提高花卉品质和产量。     

不同活化剂在超微细磷矿粉制备中的应用研究

利用激光粒度仪和扫描电子显微镜,结合钒钼黄比色法,研究不同活化剂对磷矿粉超细粉碎的粉碎效率、粒度分布和离散度及有效磷含量的影响。结果表明：添加活化剂能提高磷矿粉的均匀度,提高研磨效率,缩短研磨时间;同一种磷矿粉处理时间越长,颗粒越细;磷矿粉经超微细化处理后有效磷释放量显著增加,并在2h达最大值。     

鄂尔多斯成吉思汗陵周边野生种子植物区系研究

通过实地调查和文献资料查阅,对成吉思汗陵周边野生种子植物区系特征、生活型和水分生态型进行分析。结果表明:成吉思汗陵周边有野生种子植物529种隶属260属73科,分别占内蒙古种子植物的23.96%,39.82%,62.39%,在属、种层次上多样性较贫乏;植物科属组成特点是趋向大科、大属分布,寡种科属和单种科属是植物区系主要组成成分,也是植物区系构成和物种多样性的重要来源;区系地理成分混杂,联系广泛;属的分布区类型中温带成分优势明显,泛热带分布次之;特有程度低,表现出一定的古老性;植物生活型以草本植物占绝对优势,占总种数的86.39%;水分生态型以中生植物为主,占总种数的62.38%。     

Water in the Mogao Grottoes,China: where it comes from and how it is driven

The Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes in China was designated as a world heritage site by UNESCO in 1987 and is famous for its cultural relics. Water is the most active factor that harms the relics in the caves as it damages the grotto murals and painted sculptures. Thus, determining the water sources and driving forces of water movement is a key issue for protecting these cultural relics. These issues have troubled relics protectors for a long time. In this study, the authors chose a representative cave in the Mogao Grottoes and, by completely sealing the cave to make a closed system, measured the water vapor from the surrounding rock. This was accomplished by installing a condensation–dehumidification temperature–humidity control system for the collection of water vapor. The results show that there is continuous evaporation from the deep surrounding rock into the cave. The daily evaporation capacity is determined to be 1.02 g/(d?m2). The water sources and driving forces of water movement were further analyzed according to the character of the water evaporation and by monitoring the temperature and humidity of the surrounding rock. It was found that the water vapor in the cave derives from phreatic water. Moreover, the yearly fluctuation of temperature in the surrounding rock and geothermal forces are the basic powers responsible for driving phreatic evaporation. Under the action of the yearly temperature fluctuations, decomposition and combination of bound water acts as a "pump" that drives phreatic water migration and evaporation. When the temperature rises, bound water decomposes and evaporates; and when it falls, the rock absorbs moisture. This causes the phreatic water to move from deep regions to shallow ones. Determining the source and dynamic foundation of the water provides a firm scientific basis for protecting the valuable cultural relics in the caves.