“层流型”分草曲面用于覆盖免耕播种机的研究

运用流体力学基本原理对分草曲面的工作流场、秸秆覆盖层的连续介质属性，以及曲面用于分草、防堵的机理进行了研究。采用“环槽试验方法”测定秸秆层的“相当粘度”，将分草曲面视为绕流物体，提出“层流型”曲面分草器最具良好的绕流性能，宜用作覆盖免耕播种机的防堵装置。本文并对５种流线的流速变化特征及其绕流特性进行了分析研究，提出抛物线与双曲线最宜用作分草曲面的流线。     

基于多周期同步测量的涡轮式流量测试研究

涡轮流量计是泵试验中常用的流量测试仪表之一。文章在讨论涡轮流量计的结构和基本原理的基础上,分析了“测频法”和“测周法”流量测试方法存在的精度不等的问题,提出了多周期同步测量技术在涡轮式流量测试中的应用,从而进一步提高了流量测试精度。     

农业机械中型面无键联接技术

论述了型面无键联接的含义及型面联接的DG(等距)型廓形曲线，探讨了型面无键联接曲线的方程；并介绍了型面无键联接在喷粉喷雾机、收割机、拖拉机和摘棉机等农业机械中的应用，提出了在机械传动中实现无键联接的途径。     

Effect of drying on soil strength and corn emergence

Summary Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of drying on soil strength and corn emergence (Zea mays L.). Corn was germinated in Billings silty clay under a bank of heat lamps which operated 9, 14, 19, or 24 h per day. Soil strength (modules of rupture), soil moisture content and emergence were measured daily.The relationship of soil strength to corn seedling emergence as influenced by the four light and heat durations and bare and mulched soil surfaces was determined. As soil strength increased emergence decreased until it ceased at soil strengths of about 80 kPa. Strength of this soil had a high negative correlation with soil water content and increased with time. Mulching decreased initial rate of drying, decreased crust strength, and improved corn emergence. The 14-hour light and heat treatment resulted in the highest corn emergence.Contribution from Colorado State Experiment Station, USDA-ARS Snake River Conservation Research Center, and USDA-ARS Fort Collins, respectively     

The rehabilitation of an irrigation system along the Yellow River

The People's Victory Irrigation System which diverts water from the Yellow River of China covers a total irrigable area of 59 000 ha. The system encountered some serious problems in the first decade of its operation — salinity and waterlogging of irrigated land, siltation of irrigation and drainage channels, as well as a low efficiency of water use. This paper describes a series of structural and functional measures which have been adopted in the past 24 years for the rehabilitation of the system, including: improvement of the existing drainage system and construction of new drainage system on agricultural land, conjunctive use of surface and groundwater supplies, a comprehensive programme to reduce the levels of siltation as well as the implementation of improved water management practices. A model for the optimal operation of the system by using system analysis theory as an aid in reducing the operation and maintenance (O & M) costs has been developed in recent years. The results are that the soil salinity has been controlled and the agricultural production has increased whilst the efficiency of water use has improved and the siltation levels reduced. Experience gained on this system has been successfully used in developing and managing other irrigation projects along the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The proposed procedure of solving the said optimal model has also embodied some benefits from reducing O & M costs in operation.     

Using drainage systems for supplementary irrigation

The use of drainage systems for supplementary irrigation is widespread in The Netherlands. One of the operating policies is to raise the surface water level during the growing season in order to reduce drainage (water conservation) or to create subsurface irrigation. This type of operation is based on practical experience, which can be far from optimal.To obtain better founded operational water management rules a total soil water/surface water model was built. In a case study the effects of using the drainage system in a dual-purpose manner on the arable crop production were simulated with the model. Also, the operational rules for managing this type of dual-purpose drainage systems were derived.The average annual simulated increase in crop transpiration due to water conservation and water supply for subsurface irrigation are 6.0 and 5.4 mm.y^–1, respectively. This is equivalent with 520 × 10³ and 460 × 10³ Dfl.y^–1 for the pilot region (2 Dfl 1 US $). The corresponding investments and operational costs are 600 × 10³ Dfl and 9 × 10³ Dfl.y^–1 for water conservation and 3200 × 10³ Dfl and 128 × 10³ Dfl.y^–1 for subsurface irrigation. Hence, water conservation is economically very profitable, whereas subsurface irrigation is less attractive.Comparing the management according to the model with current practice in a water-board during 1983 and 1986 learned that benefits can increase with some 50 and 500 Dfl per ha per year, respectively.     

离网型风力发电机性能测试系统概述

本文为离网型风力发电机虚拟仪器性能测试原理的研究,利用相应的软件LabVIEW及相关配套硬件设备,设计了风力机基本性能参数的测试系统。在考虑到强电、弱电信号传输分开,内部供电电源与信号线路隔离以及信号屏蔽等问题,设计出了测试机箱方案。通过在实验室实验,测得了风力发电机的转速与风力发电机功率的数据,从而做出了一条转速与功率的关系曲线,为评估和改进风力发电机的性能提供依据。     

Infiltration in surface irrigated swelling soils

Infiltration characteristics for border strip irrigation at two sites with swelling clay soils were examined. Volume infiltrated was calculated from flow onto the field monitored with flow meters; depth of water in the soil estimated from soil samples taken before and after irrigation; and the advance profile which was used to calculate the volume infiltrated with time. Volume infiltrated was compared with volume of cracks before irrigation.Linear advance and observed crack closing supported the hypothesis that infiltration approached zero after about 10 min. Volume of cracks was less than 20% of the volume infiltrated. Wetting front was 3–10 times greater than depth of observed surface cracks. There was no significant correlation between intake opportunity time and depth of infiltration, but elevation irregularities were related to infiltration.     

基于视觉测量的挖掘机工作装置姿态测量系统

提出了一种基于视觉测量的挖掘机工作装置姿态测量方法。使用工业相机获取工作装置侧视图像,采用鞍点检测方法快速捕捉工作臂上的人工靶标;将靶标间的固定几何尺寸关系作为约束条件筛选出靶标中的鞍点并计算相应工作臂的姿态角;通过预判靶标的运动范围以缩小图像检测区域,提高算法处理速度。试验表明,与挖掘机上原有的拉线传感器测量系统相比较,动臂和斗杆姿态角动态测量偏差分别小于1°和2°,处理每帧工作装置运动图像平均用时在100 ms以内,验证了该方法对挖掘机工作装置姿态测量的可行性。     

动态图像处理技术在农业工程中的应用

近年来图像处理技术的应用已越来越广泛，如何将动态图像处理技术应用到农业工程对农业的自动化研究具有着重要意义：本文主要讨论了动态图像处理技术及其在农业丁程中的应用概况与未来展望，并对应用中存在的问题提出了几点思考与建议。