痕量灌溉对棉花花铃期光合性能日变化及产量的影响

【目的】明确痕量灌溉方式在干旱区灌溉棉田的适用性。【方法】本研究以中棉所92为供试材料,系统监测了痕量灌溉不同埋管深度30 cm(D30)、40 cm(D40)和50 cm(D50)和膜下滴灌(CK)4个处理的棉花花铃期光合日变化及产量效应。【结果】①不同处理下净光合速率和气孔导度的日变化均呈双峰曲线变化趋势,且D30处理各时段的净光合速率和气孔导度均高于其他处理。②不同处理下的胞间CO2摩尔分数日变化均呈广口"V"字形双峰曲线变化趋势,蒸腾速率日变化均呈单峰曲线变化趋势,最大值出现在14:00h。③D30处理的2年平均籽棉产量和平均皮棉产量最高,分别为5 734.28和2 454.53 kg/hm^2,其中籽棉产量分别比CK、D40和D50处理高出1.09%、7.63%和11.38%,皮棉产量分别比CK、D40和D50处理高出3.49%、8.32%和1.61%。【结论】综合光合性能日变化和产量分析得出,内蒙古阿拉善地区采用埋管深度为30 cm的痕量灌溉技术为最佳。     

菜心游离小孢子培养高频胚诱导培养基优化

【目的】对菜心小孢子培养的诱导培养基进行优化,以提高胚胎诱导率,创制优良DH系应用于育种实践。【方法】设置不同蔗糖浓度和激素(6-BA和NAA)浓度组合的NLN诱导培养基,以10份不同基因型的菜心为试材,进行小孢子培养及出胚率分析,筛选最佳诱导培养基。【结果】7份材料诱导出胚状体,不同基因型间的胚胎诱导率差异显著,说明基因型是影响小孢子形成的主要因素;在无激素处理中,100 g/L蔗糖浓度NLN(NLN-10)小孢子胚诱导率最高,出胚材料诱导率在3.45～30.46胚/皿;NLN含量减半的1/2 NLN-10培养基处理出胚率约为NLN-10处理的2/3;130 g/L蔗糖浓度NLN处理出胚率显著降低,最高仅为14胚/皿,蔗糖浓度为160 g/L的NLN(NLN-16)处理未出现胚状体;在NLN-10中分别添加0.1 mg/L 6-BA和NAA,促进出胚效果最佳,出胚率最高的 Rt19006达46.93胚/皿,是不添加激素处理的1.5倍;当NLN-10 中6-BA和NAA浓度均达到0.2 mg/L时,胚胎生长发育受到抑制。【结论】筛选出可有效促进菜心小孢子出胚的诱导培养基配方,即100 g/L蔗糖浓度的NLN+6-BA 0.10 mg/L +NAA 0.10 mg/L。     

驳枝和施氮对早花烤烟成熟期水溶性总糖和淀粉含量的影响

在大田条件下,研究驳枝和追施氮肥对早花烤烟成熟期叶片中水溶性总糖和淀粉含量的影响。结果表明：高施氮量抑制烟草叶片的水溶性总糖和淀粉积累,然而低氮促进了中部叶水溶性总糖和淀粉积累。     

南京地区3个兔眼蓝莓品种引种试验

对2014年种植于南京市白马地区的3个兔眼蓝莓品种‘巴尔德温’（Baldwin）、‘蓝美人’（Bluebelle）和‘布莱特蓝’（Briteblue）进行连续2年生长及开花结实性状的调查研究。结果表明,3个兔眼蓝莓品种能较好适应南京地区的气候环境,植株生长、结果性状均表现正常,其中品种‘巴尔德温’是兔眼蓝莓品种中较晚熟的品种,其树势和耐旱性较强,适宜在降水量较少的干旱丘陵地区种植;品种‘蓝美人’对土壤的要求较严格,果实采收时果皮易撕裂,不适宜贮存和运输,该品种适宜于庭院精细栽培;品种‘布莱特蓝’成熟期较晚,产量和总花色苷含量较高,香味浓郁且耐贮运,可作为加工兼鲜果销售品种推广。     

基于 RAD-seq 的菜心 InDel 标记开发及应用

【目的】开发多态性丰富的的InDel分子标记,为菜心育种提供研究基础。【方法】以Chiifu-401-42的基因组序列为模板,利用4份菜心材料的RAD-seq重测序数据,在全基因组范围内鉴定InDel位点。利用生物信息学方法筛选4份菜心材料间具有潜在多态性的InDel位点,挑选分布于10条染色体的80个InDel位点设计引物,对55份菜心种质材料进行遗传多样评价。【结果】通过与参考基因组序列比对,在4份菜心材料的重测序数据中共鉴定出84 510个InDel位点,其中插入/缺失长度大于5 bp的3 609个InDel位点在4份菜心材料间具有潜在多态性。挑选80个InDel位点进行PCR扩增验证,58个（72.5%）在4份测序样品中具有多态性,在55份菜心种质材料中检测到133个等位位点,多态性信息含量（PIC）为0.263～0.618,平均值为0.443。基于InDel标记的检测结果可知,55份菜心种质的遗传相似系数在0.366～0.756,平均值为0.570;在遗传相似系数为0.564时55份菜心种质被分为4个类群,但各类群间的耐热性没有明显差异。【结论】本研究开发的InDel标记具有...     

杉木双系种子园无性系开花习性与异交率及其间的关系研究

基于对杉木双系种子园中成对无性系开花习性的多年观察及多年对杉木双系种子园的同工酶实验,运用EM算法估计各无性系的异交率大小,并使用DPS统计软件,详实地研究了异交率与开花习性诸多因素间的关系,其结果为:Y=0.877 7+0.104 4X1-0.615 8X2+0.354 4X3-0.061 8X4。上式中:X1为异系雄球花量,X3为异系开花同步性指数,它们对异交率的影响有正效应;而X2为系内开花同步性指数,X4为X3/X2之比,它们对异交率的影响有负效应。影响力的大小次序为:X2>X4>X3>X1。根据异交率与开花习性的关系研究,可以发现:今后新建杉木双系种子园时,挑选系内开花同步性小,而系间开花同步性大的双亲材料时,其后代异交率较高。     

Initiation and development of microspore embryogenesis in recalcitrant purple flowering stalk (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. purpurea Hort.) genotypes

Purple flowering stalk (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var.purpurea Hort.) was generally regarded as a recalcitrant species for microspore culture in Brassica crops. Conditions for reliable induction of microspore embryogenesis were studied in 12 genotypes of purple flowering stalk. A treatment of short heat shock to microspore by incubating at 32 °C for 18 h was suitable for the survival of microspores, sustained cell divisions, and further induced embryogenesis. Subsequently, the reduced concentration of macro salts (1/2 NLN) provided an optimal condition for the development of embryoids. Under the optimized conditions for microspore embryoid development, 10 genotypes responded to microspore culture with the frequencies ranging from 2.7 to 70.5 embryoids per dish. However, regenerated plants were obtained from 9 genotypes, and more than 75% these regenerated plants were double haploid. This report establishes an efficient protocol for microspore culture and offers great potential for DH breeding in purple flowering stalk.     

Comparative forcing of Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Bailer’ as a florist's hydrangea

‘Bailer’ (Endless Summer™) is a new, pink- or blue-flowered hydrangea that flowers on new wood continuously throughout the growing season. It is also winter-hardy in northern, temperate climates (USDA Z4). Use of Endless Summer as a florist's potted hydrangea would provide consumers with a dual-use product (flowering potted plant, landscape shrub). The objectives were to determine if Endless Summer could be forced as a florist's hydrangea using two forcing regimes (immediate, standard), two soil pH regimes, and two pinching treatments. ‘Merritt Supreme Pink’ (pink), ‘Blue Danube’ (blue), and Endless Summer (blue, pink) were forced under immediate (no cold treatment, short- and long-day photoperiods) and standard (6 weeks cold, 4 °C to overcome dormancy) conditions. Since commercial liners were not yet available, cuttings of Endless Summer were used in the immediate forcing experiment. Days to visible flower bud, first color, full flower were recorded, as well as height, no. of branches, no. of flowers, and flower size. In the immediate forcing experiment, only Endless Summer produced flowers. Cultivars differed significantly (P < 0.001) for days to visible flower bud, days to first color, days to full flower, and height. The number of flowers and flower size were not significantly different among pink cultivars. In the standard forcing experiment, Endless Summer reached days to visible flower bud, days to first color, and days to full flower significantly earlier than either comparison, although it exhibited weaker stems and less intense flower pigmentation. Pinching (blue pH) had a significant effect on all traits except the days to full flower and flower size, although no pinching treatment was significant for pink pH. Photoperiod was significant only for the days to visible flower bud (pink pH), days to full flower (blue pH), and final height (blue pH). Further research is needed before Endless Summer can be grown as a dual-use florist's potted hydrangea with acceptable quality.     

桃花源桃花品种资源及其特殊种质

桃花源现有桃花品种25个,具有花期较早、花期较长、花色淡雅、色调柔和、花型活泼等特点。其中,‘春蕾’、‘单二乔’、‘碗寿粉’为首次报道品种;‘单红’、‘单二乔’雌蕊败育,需冷量极低,流胶病抗性强,具有稳定的秋花特性,是早花、抗流胶病品种选育的良好亲本。     

三系粳稻不育系开花习性与异交结实率的关系

以583A、7740A7、7237A、春江12A、春江16A、春江26A、99-44A、宁67A、旱稻A等9个不同柱头外露率和花时的三系粳稻不育系为母本,以粳稻恢复系CH89为父本,进行大田小区制种,对不育系的午前花率、柱头外露率与异交结实率之间的关系进行了分析。结果表明,不育系柱头外露率与异交结实率之间的简单相关系数和偏相关系数以及午前花率与异交结实率之间的简单相关系数均达到显著水平,异交结实率与柱头外露率、午前花率之间的复相关系数也达到显著水平。粳稻不育系异交结实率(y)与柱头外露率(x1)、午前花率(x2)的回归方程为y=26.06 0.51x1 0.28x2。通径分析表明,柱头外露率对粳稻不育系异交结实率起更重要的作用。对三系粳稻不育系的遗传改良及制种策略进行了讨论。