Colour-Doppler sonography of the musculophrenic vein in cows

The goal of the present study was to examine the musculophrenic vein of 29 healthy Swiss Braunvieh cows using colour-Doppler sonography to determine vessel morphology and diameter, and blood flow velocity. The hair over the reticular region was clipped, and the left musculophrenic vein was examined before and 10 min after sedation using 0.03 mg/kg xylazine. The musculophrenic vein appeared as a vessel with a diameter of 0.5–1.1 cm located in the diaphragmatic musculature. The spectral display was a broad band structure with a wave-like shape. The Doppler measurement point was 1.5–2.7 cm from the body surface. The diameter of the vein and the blood flow velocity did not differ significantly before and after sedation. Before sedation, the mean diameter (±SD) of the musculophrenic vein was 0.7 (0.2) cm, the maximum blood flow velocity 90.2 (38.6) cm/s, the mean blood flow velocity 60.4 (22.3) cm/s and the minimum blood flow velocity 41.4 (24.2) cm/s. There were significant correlations (r = 0.45–0.90) between blood flow velocity before and after sedation and between minimum, maximum and mean blood flow velocities.     

Inhibitory Effects of 1-MCP and DPA on Superficial Scald of Dangshansuli Pear

Dangshansuli pear is one of crisp pears and has a non-climacteric respiratory pattern.Dangshansuli pear fruits were treated with 1 000 or 2 000 μL L-1 diphenylamine (DPA) for 1 min,or with 0.5 μL L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 12 h before cold storage at (2±0.5)℃ for up to 210 d.Incidences of superficial scald and related physiological indexes were investigated during storage.The results showed that superficial scald occurred in control fruit with a rate of over 90％ after 210 d at cold storage plus 10 d at room temperature.Treatments with 1 000 and 2000 μL L-1 DPA and 0.5 μL L-1 1-MCP inhibited the accumulation of αt-farnesene,conjugated trienes,total phenolic contents,and malondialdehyde (MDA) during storage.The treatments also decreased leakage of cell membrane and the activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in the peel.These results indicate that I-MCP and DPA treatments inhibit and postpone the occurrence of superficial scald of Dangshansuli pears remarkably in cold storage and post-storage shelf life,respectively,while the mechanisms were different.The results above may provide a theoretical evidence for the agriculture production.     

IMPROVING CONSPICUITY OF THE CANINE GASTROINTESTINAL WALL USING DUAL PHASE CONTRAST‐ENHANCED COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY: A RETROSPECTIVE CROSS‐SECTIONAL STUDY

Gastrointestinal (GI) disease is a common clinical complaint in small animal patients; computed tomography (CT) examinations enable a global overview of the GI tract and associated structures. Previously, the GI wall has been reportedly identified from serosa to mucosa in 77% of standard postcontrast CT studies and wall layers seen in ultrasound have not been distinguished. Inconsistent strong contrast enhancement of the inner layer of the GI mucosal surface was noted on dual phase CT studies acquired in our institution, which increased the visibility of the GI tract and disease processes. The aim of this retrospective, observational, cross‐sectional study was to determine the optimal portal vein attenuation for maximizing GI wall conspicuity using dual phase contrast‐enhanced CT. Patients with abdominal CT for a non‐GI related disease were included. In a pilot study, 175 GI segments from 35 CT studies were graded for presence of mucosal surface enhancement (MSE). The strongest mucosal surface enhancement grade correlated with portal vein attenuation of 43–150 HU; this value was used as inclusion criterion in the main study. A total of 441 GI segments were evaluated in 42 CT studies postcontrast for GI wall conspicuity. The GI wall was conspicuous in 56.7% precontrast, 84.5% at 30s, and 77.3% late postcontrast; 4.7% of segments were removed due to motion blur. At 30 s distinct mucosal surface enhancement was seen in the small intestine and gastric mucosal surface enhancement was poor. Findings supported the use of dual phase contrast‐enhanced CT for improving conspicuity of the GI wall.     

Tendonitis of branches of the superficial digital flexor tendon in Standardbred racehorses: 15 cases

This case report describes the clinical and ultrasonographic findings and performance outcome of distal tendonitis of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) in Standardbred racehorses. Cases with distal tendonitis of the SDFT in isolation (not associated with a metacarpal lesion) were reviewed retrospectively. The clinical and ultrasonographic findings and performance outcome were reviewed. The injury was located on the left forelimb in 67% (10/15) of horses and on the right forelimb in 33% (5/15). None of the horses were affected bilaterally. The lateral branch was involved in 80% of the cases (12/15) and medial branch in 20% (3/15). None of the horses were affected biaxially. Mean time between injury and first start ± s.d. was 302 ± 142 days. Returning to racing was observed in 93% of the horses (14/15), with a reinjury rate of 22% (2/9). For horses which raced after the injury, the number of starts, shows and wins was not significantly different before and after injury, regardless of the location of the lesion. Tendonitis of branches of the SDFT in isolation carries a good prognosis in Standardbred racehorses. A higher return to racing and a lower reinjury rate may be expected compared to lesions in the metacarpal region.     

门静脉灌注葡萄糖对宁乡猪血液生化参数的影响

[目的]研究宁乡猪葡萄糖代谢调控,为疾病诊断和临床补充葡萄糖提供参考数据。[方法]选用4头体重为65 kg左右的健康宁乡公猪,为每头猪分别安装肝门静脉和颈动脉血插管。采食正常后进行葡萄糖灌注试验,于灌注后不同时间点采集颈动脉血,分离血浆,用全自动血液生化分析仪测定血清生化参数。[结果]与生理盐水灌注组比较,门静脉灌注葡萄糖5 min后,血浆葡萄糖含量极显著升高（P〈0.01）,白蛋白、低密度脂蛋白含量及α-淀粉酶活性均显著下降（P〈0.05）,但10 min后趋于正常;而尿素氮、高密度脂蛋白含量,碱性磷酸酶和乳酸脱氢酶的活性基本无变化。[结论]门静脉灌注葡萄糖会短期影响宁乡猪某些血液生化指标,随着机体对葡萄糖的代谢和灌注的过量葡萄糖排出体外,上述生化指标逐渐恢复正常。     

烟草脉清病毒完整基因组上微卫星分布特性研究

借助MATLAB软件和最优完全子图算法,提取并展示NCBI数据库中烟草脉清病毒完整基因组（NC-003378.1）上微卫星分布特性。结果表明,计算出了各种1-碱基组～6-碱基组在完整基因组序列上重复出现次数和出现位置,并展示它们的分布规律（指数函数）。烟草脉清病毒完整基因组上各种N-碱基组最大的重复出现次数,随N按指数函数数减少;各种N-碱基组重复出现次数由少到多排序的结果,重复出现次数随序号增加。该研究方法可以系统地运用到其他病毒完整基因组序列微卫星分布特性的提取和展示,从而为有效利用微卫星分布特性研究完整基因组的结构和功能、遗传和变异规律提供依据。     

SONOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PRESUMPTIVELY NORMAL CANINE MEDIAL ILIAC AND SUPERFICIAL INGUINAL LYMPH NODES

The medial iliac and superficial inguinal lymph nodes are not routinely palpable in the dog, and ultrasound imaging provides an alternate noninvasive technique to assess these lymph nodes, as well as to guide needle aspiration. Herein we describe the ultrasound characteristics of the medial iliac and superficial inguinal lymph nodes in 50 healthy dogs, as well as frequency and ease of node detection. The relationship between the size of the lymph nodes and the following variables was assessed: age, gender, body weight, body condition score, body length, and thoracic height and width. Right and left medial iliac lymph nodes were detected in 50 (100%) dogs, right superficial inguinal lymph node(s) in 49 (98%) dogs, and left superficial inguinal lymph node(s) in 47 (96%) dogs. In >90% of both sets of lymph nodes, the echogenicity was hypoechoic or isoechoic to surrounding tissues, with a corticomedullary or homogenous echotexture, smooth, clearly defined margins, and a fusiform shape. Increasing weight, distance from the sternal manubrium to the ischium, and thoracic height and width were associated with increased lymph node size (P‐values<0.05). Average lymph node sizes and range of sizes provide preliminary reference values for the medial iliac and superficial inguinal lymph nodes in normal dogs.     

采收期对澳洲青苹苹果采后品质及虎皮病的影响

研究了在常温（20±1）℃和冷藏（0±0.5）℃条件下澳洲青苹苹果不同采收期对果实采后品质、生理和虎皮病发病率的影响。结果表明,晚采果实的品质和风味相对较好。常温贮藏条件下,晚采果实的乙烯跃变出现时间较早,但采收期对乙烯峰值的大小影响不大,直至果实严重腐烂也未发生虎皮病;冷藏条件下,延迟采收期能明显抑制和延缓澳洲青苹苹果虎皮病的发生,保持果实较高的可溶性固形物含量;贮藏后期早采果实的腐烂率急剧升高是由极其严重的虎皮病造成的。但果实采收越晚,耐贮性越差,腐烂率高而且腐烂出现的时间早,不宜长期贮藏。因此,综合上述因素,建议辽西地区澳洲青苹苹果贮藏果实应于生长发育后期（163～170 d）的10月中下旬采收,常温20℃条件下贮藏30～40 d,冷藏0℃条件下贮藏180 d内,虎皮病发病率低,可保持良好的品质与风味。     

植物叶脉组织的数字化建模与静动力学分析

基于植物叶脉自然选择的结构优越性,构建叶脉的数字化模型,研究其组织结构的力学性能。选取具有典型耐候性和清晰叶脉结构的荷花玉兰叶脉进行叶脉组织结构三维多孔模型的构建,通过图像阈值分割方法对组织结构扫描电镜图进行处理,采用基于狄洛尼三角剖分的面积权重方法对阈值分割后的二值图片进行网格化,形成组织结构的数字化模型;采用有限元法对叶脉横截面多孔组织进行拉伸模拟和冲击仿真。结果表明,叶脉最外缘的区域对叶脉组织力学性能的贡献最大,而具有细胞壁厚度呈梯度变化的叶脉模型在小位移情况下对能量吸收表现出良好的优越性,其冲击破坏过程是依层进行的。