烟草感染马铃薯Y病毒脉坏死株系后PPO活性及其同工酶变化的研究

感染马铃薯Ｙ病毒脉坏死株系（ＰＶＹ＾Ｎ）后,敏感烟草体内的多酚氧化酶（ＰＰＯ）活性升高,而抗性烟草的ＰＰＯ活性降低,但其活性值均高于敏感烟草健康植株;敏感烟草从接种ＰＶＹ＾Ｎ后第８ｄ起出现２条新的ＰＰＯ同工酶谱带,而且随着病害程度的加重其强度增加,抗性烟草则没有新的ＰＰＯ同工酶谱带出现,在未接种的情况下,抗性烟草体内的ＰＰＯ活性明显高于敏感烟草,其ＰＰＯ同工酶谱带数比敏感烟草多１条。     

马蹄静脉构型的研究

用血管铸型法研究了马蹄静脉构型。结果是:马蹄静脉分为真皮外静脉系和真皮内静脉系。真皮外静脉系分为深浅两组。深组有轴平行静脉、终端静脉、蹄软骨内侧静脉网和指固有静脉后部吻合支;浅组有独立浅静脉、蹄冠静脉、蹄冠下静脉和蹄后静脉。真皮内静脉系:肉冠、肉壁近侧部有双层静脉网;肉壁远侧部、肉底、肉叉为单层静脉网。肉底静脉网呈多边形小环,靠近蹄匣增殖区静脉较粗。全部蹄静脉互相吻合成完整的立体网。大部静脉内缺乏瓣膜。蹄踵部静脉血有双重输出路线。蹄的震动和负重力是蹄静脉血回流的一种有效力。     

柑橘黄化脉明病毒的TGB基因生物信息学分析及亚细胞定位

柑橘黄化脉明病毒(Citrus yellow vein clearing virus,CYVCV)是一种正义单链RNA病毒。其基因组含有6个开放阅读框(ORF),其中ORF2、ORF3和ORF4组成了三基因连锁结构(triple gene block,TGB)。以感染CYVCV的尤力克柠檬[Citrus limon(L.)Burm.f.]植株的总RNA为模板,扩增和克隆了CYVCV的TGB基因,并开展了其编码蛋白的理化性质和分子特性等生物信息学分析;进而通过In-Fusion~?技术构建了TGB各基因的亚细胞定位载体,经农杆菌介导转化洋葱表皮细胞并在荧光显微镜下进行亚细胞定位观察。生物信息学分析结果表明,CYVCV-TGB具有与Potexvirus属病毒TGB相似的理化性质和分子特性,可能参与病毒在寄主中的运动且需要外壳蛋白的参与。亚细胞定位结果显示,TGBp1定位于细胞壁(膜)上,TGBp2和TGBp3主要定位于细胞壁(膜),少量呈星点状定位于细胞内。研究结果为揭示CYVCV在寄主中的运动机理奠定了基础。     

草莓镶脉病毒（SVBV）启动子的克隆及序列分析

【目的】对草莓镶脉病毒(SVBV)启动子进行序列测定和分析,为进一步研究该启动子稳定表达活性、表达类型及驱动外源基因稳定表达提供理论依据。【方法】用CTAB法从感染SVBV的草莓叶片中提取总DNA,设计特异性引物扩增SVBV启动子,克隆并测序。将SVBV启动子与花椰菜花叶病毒属其他成员的启动子核苷酸序列进行比较,并构建其系统关系树,再用PlantCARE软件分析SVBV启动子序列中的各个作用元件。【结果】获得全长为1017 bp的SVBV启动子。序列比列表明,本研究构建的中国SVBV启动子与美国SVBV启动子序列相似性最高,达77.29%。从构建的系统关系树可以看出,中国SVBV启动子与美国SVBV启动子单独聚成一个亚分支,说明来源于草莓的2个SVBV启动子亲缘关系最近。另外,SVBV启动子和花椰菜花叶病毒(CaMV)启动子亲缘关系虽然相对较近,但二者序列相似性较低,说明SVBV启动子与CaMV 35 S启动子的结构差异较大。进一步分析表明,SVBV启动子除了具有一般植物启动子的典型作用元件TATA-box和CAAT-box外,还具有一些与组织特异性表达或诱导表达相关的调节因子。【结论】SVBV启动子具有多种转录顺式作用元件,可能是一个在双子叶植物中具有较强驱动活性的组成型启动子。     

Relationship between the ultrasonographic findings of suspected superficial digital flexor tendon injury and the prevalence of subsequent severe superficial digital flexor tendon injuries in Thoroughbred horses: a retrospective study

The onset of severe injury to the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) is extremely difficult to predict from slight changes in ultrasonographic findings in cases with no apparent clinical signs. This study investigated the relationship between an increased cross-sectional area (CSA) or edema in the subcutaneous tissue around the tendon and the subsequent onset of severe SDFT injury in Thoroughbred racehorses. Horses were classified into three groups based on ultrasound diagnosis (USD) findings: Group A included cases with enlarged tendons; Group B included cases with tendons of normal size but with prominent edema in the peritendinous tissue; and Group C (control group) included cases with no abnormal USD findings. The incidence of subsequent severe tendon injury was significantly higher in the horses in Groups A (25.7%, 28/101) and B (28.3%, 65/212) than in those in Group C (4.9%, 2/41). There were no significant differences in the median period and the median number of races from the first examination to the subsequent tendon injury between Groups A (140 days, 1 race) and B (120 days, 1 race). The results of this study revealed that horses with increased CSA and peritendinous edema are likely to suffer a subsequent severe tendon injury. Also, these two USD findings, i.e., increased CSA and peritendinous edema, indicate the risk of onset of severe SDFT injury.     

颈静脉灌注精氨酸对泌乳中期奶牛血清生化和免疫指标的影响

本文旨在研究颈静脉灌注精氨酸对泌乳中期奶牛血清生化和免疫指标的影响。采用3×3复式拉丁方试验设计,选择6头体重、胎次、泌乳期、泌乳量和体况基本一致的荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,随机分为3组(每组2头),分别为酪蛋白组(对照组)、精氨酸组(灌注37.66 g/d)、丙氨酸组(与精氨酸组等氮,灌注77.24 g/d);每个试验期为22 d(7 d灌注+15 d间隔),在每个试验灌注期的最后1 d晨饲前采血,测定血清生化和免疫指标。结果表明:精氨酸组的奶牛血清中总蛋白、免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)浓度要显著高于其他2组(P0.05),白球比、白细胞介素1(IL-1)浓度显著高于丙氨酸组(P0.05),但是牛奶中体细胞数显著低于其他2组(P0.05),而血清中谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性,免疫球蛋白A(Ig A)、免疫球蛋白E(Ig E)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)浓度在组间无显著差异(P0.05)。综上,灌注精氨酸能够通过提高血清总蛋白、Ig G及IL-1、TNF-α的浓度,从而一定程度上增强泌乳奶牛机体的免疫力和胎儿的被动免疫力。     

长蒴母草黄脉病毒——一个双生病毒的新种

 从采集于海南儋州地区表现黄脉症状的长蒴母草(Lindernia anagallis)上分离到病毒分离物L2, DNA-A全序列分析结果表明, 全长2739个核苷酸(nt)(GenBank登录号:AY795900), 共编码6个ORF, 其中病毒链编码AV1(CP)、AV2, 互补链编码AC1、AC2、AC3、AC4。利用BLAST程序对DNA-A进行分析表明, 与L2 DNA-A有同源关系的病毒均为双生病毒科(Geminiviridae)菜豆金色黄花叶病毒属(Begomovirus)成员。进一步比较发现, L2 DNA-A与我国广东报道的广东番茄曲叶病毒(Tomato leaf curl Guangdong virus, ToLCGuV)(AY602165)全基因组核苷酸序列的同源性最近, 仅为77.0%, 说明L2为Begomovirus中的一个新种, 命名为长蒴母草黄脉病毒(Lindernia anagallis yellow vein virus, LAYVV)。与L2的IR区及各基因编码的氨基酸序列有最高同源性的病毒均来源于亚洲。利用DNA-B特异引物和DNA-β的特异引物, 均未检测到DNA-B和卫星DNA-β的存在。     

Susceptibility and resistance of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Beta vulgaris</Emphasis> subsp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">maritima</Emphasis> to foliar rub-inoculation with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Beet necrotic yellow vein virus</Emphasis>

Four lines (designated MR0, MR1, MR2, and M8) from 13 accessions of Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima were selected on the basis of phenotypes produced after foliar rub-inoculation with Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV). The susceptible phenotype developed bright yellow local lesions, whereas the resistant phenotype had symptoms ranging from no visible lesions to necrotic lesions at the inoculation site. MR1 and MR2 lines had a resistant phenotype depending on the isolate and the MR0 line was susceptible to all isolates of BNYVV tested. The M8 line was highly susceptible; the virus spread systemically and caused severe stunting. These plant lines will be useful for distinguishing BNYVV isolates having different pathogenicities, especially those controlled by RNA3 and/or RNA5.     

Results of grid keratotomy, superficial keratectomy and debridement for the management of persistent corneal erosions in 92 dogs

Ninety-two cases of persistent corneal erosions in dogs were analyzed for breed, gender, age and which eye was affected. The results of the treatment of 92 persistent corneal erosions in dogs by superficial keratectomy (SK), grid keratotomy (GK), or debridement with a sterile dry cotton swab are presented. These techniques gave better rates of healing than have been previously reported. All cases of persistent corneal erosions healed in this study. However, it must be noted that three cases treated with debridement only failed to heal after several treatments and were eventually treated with SK. After one procedure 80 out of 92 (87%) had healed. After one procedure, 63% of cases treated with debridement healed, 100% of cases treated with SK healed, and 85% of cases treated with GK healed. At the first postoperative visit, 88% (21/24 cases) of ulcers treated by SK had healed, and 75% (39/52 cases) of ulcers treated by GK had healed. Only 25% of the persistent corneal erosions had healed at the first visit after debridement. All 24 cases of persistent corneal erosions treated with SK healed after one treatment in a mean +/- SD of 9.3 +/- 3.9 days (median of 7 days). Fifty-two cases were managed with GK; 44 (83%) of these healed with one procedure and eight cases required a second GK procedure to resolve. A mean +/- SD of 13.4 +/- 5.1 days (median of 11.5 days) following GK was required for the persistent corneal erosions to heal. Nineteen cases were initially managed by debridement with a dry cotton swab under local anesthesia. Sixteen out of these 19 debridement cases healed (giving an overall healing rate of 84%) in a mean +/- SD time of 23.4 +/- 11.1 days (median 21.5). There were three cases that did not heal with debridement. These cases were debrided at 10-20 day intervals for 30-60 days, and were then treated with SK. Two of these cases healed within 7 days, the other case required 18 days to heal. Sixty-three per cent of persistent corneal erosions treated with debridement healed after one procedure; however, only four out of 19 cases (21%) were healed at the first revisit. Complications were rare: corneal edema occurred in two cases following multiple GK, and excessive granulation tissue in one case was managed with a SK. There was the occurrence of an ulcer adjacent to the surgery site in four cases, two cases following GK and two cases following SK.     

Suspected venous air embolism in a Finnhorse

Vascular air embolism (VAE) is the entrainment of air from the operative field or other communication with the environment into the venous or arterial vasculature, producing systemic effects. The horse described in this report, after having been discovered to have dislodged the extension set from the jugular vein catheter, demonstrated clinical signs considered most likely to have resulted from a VAE, and represents a case of primarily neurological signs resolving spontaneously. Emphasis is given to the prevention and prompt recognition of this event and to the use of all available tools in the management of cardiovascular complications.