极早熟西瓜秀丽生育特性观察及栽培技术

极早熟西瓜秀丽系杂交一代。经系统观察探明,该品种从播种育苗至果实成熟全生育期８０ｄ左右,从雌花开放到果实成熟需２５～２６ｄ。第１雌花位于８～１１节,第２雌花位于１７～２０节。可溶性固形物达到１３．４％。叶片生长速度在新叶展开８ｄ内最快,茎蔓抽生速度在子蔓８片叶进入快速生长期,果实膨大和可溶性固形物积累速度在座果后７～２１ｄ最快。同时,研究了秀丽西瓜的关键栽培技术。     

早晚熟夏大豆品种花荚形成的比较

通过对１７个有限、亚有限型夏大豆品种的研究结果,鼓粒前的花荚期长短是选择夏大豆品种生育期长短的重要因素。不同熟期类型品种间生殖器官发育规律存在差异,早熟品种较晚熟品种花、荚形成发育快、时间短、脱落也快。当早熟品种生育重心进入鼓粒前的中、大荚形成发育过程中（相当于Ｒ４阶段）时,晚熟品种的相对时期还处在花和幼小英     

回-直肠吻合猪术后不同时间对氨基酸消化率测值的影响

回－直肠吻合术是收集回肠末端食糜的一种简捷、实用的方法,近年来被越来越多地用于饲料氨基酸消化率的测定〔１〕。回－直肠吻合手术以后,荷术猪（ｈｏｓｔｓｗｉｎｅ）的手术应激是客观存在的。随着术后时间的延长,荷术猪的日龄和体重都在增加。这些变化对猪饲料氨基酸消化率的测定结果有无影响、程度如何,直接决定着回－直肠吻合猪用于氨基酸消化率评定时的使用寿命。为此,本试验研究了回－直肠吻合猪术后不同时间对氨基酸消化率的测值,探讨其变化规律,为其在评定饲料氨基酸生物学效价时更客观、合理地使用提供理论依据。１　材料…     

西双版纳林缘不同方位林墙太阳辐射特征

文章利用坡面太阳辐射理论,计算分析了西双版纳林缘不同方位墙的日照时数和天文辐射量,并讨论了其随方位和季节的变化规律。结果表明：（１）西双版纳林缘不同方位林墙可照时数一般都比水平面少,只有南向,北向林墙部分时间内可照时间与面相同;（２）西双版纳位于北回归线以南。每年太阳两次通过天顶,夏半年一般是北向林墙可照时间最长,东西向林墙次之,南向林墙最短;冬半年南向林墙可照时间最长。     

Evaluation of limb autotomy as a promising strategy to improve production performances of mud crab (Scylla olivacea) in the soft‐shell farming system

Soft‐shell crab, a newly moulted crab having non‐calcified and hydrated soft exoskeleton, farming has been increasing tremendously in recent years throughout the world due to its high market price and consumer preferences. However, high aggressiveness and cannibalistic behaviour of mud crab limit its culture to an individual chamber system which ultimately makes the soft‐shell mud crab farming space and labour‐intensive. Therefore, the aim of this study was to improve the efficiency of soft‐shell crab production by autotomy of the claw and/or walking legs to reduce the moulting duration and intensify the culture system through double stocking in the existing individual chamber culture system. To achieve our objectives, a series of experiment were conducted at both indoor and on‐farm levels by removing the claw and/or walking legs of Scylla olivacea for two consecutive moulting cycles. Results showed that both claw ablation significantly (p < .01) shortened the moulting duration and increased the carapace width, weight gain, specific growth rate, feeding efficiency and yield parameter compared to the non‐ablated crabs more prominently at 1st moulting than the 2nd moulting in both indoor and on‐farm trials. Ablation of all walking legs while keeping the claw intact did not significantly influence (p > .05) the moulting duration and carapace width, but significantly (p < .01) improved the specific growth rate, weight gain, feeding efficiency and yield parameters at 1st moulting compared to the non‐ablation and unilateral three walking leg ablation groups. However, ablation of all appendages (both claw and walking legs) showed significant (p < .01) improvements of carapace width, weight gain, specific growth rate, feeding efficiency and yield parameters, and shortened the moulting duration up to 23 days from 34 days during 1st moulting and up to 27 days from 40 days at 2nd moulting. The survivals of different autotomized mud crabs were statistically non‐significant (p > .05) to the non‐autotomized crabs in various indoor and on‐farm trials. Besides improving the production performances, ablation of bilateral claw and all appendages allowed to double the stocking density in the existing individual chamber‐based soft‐shell crab farming that enhanced the production about threefold higher than the existing individual chamber‐based culture system. Finally, our results suggest that autotomy could be a promising technology for the commercial farming of soft‐shell mud crab in near future.     

作物发育模型生理参数的QTL定位与应用研究初报--以大麦品系的生育期预测为例

研究试验应用作物模型与QTL定位的互补作用，对作物发育模型的生理参数作QTL定位分析，使作物发育的预测直接建立在单个遗传基因QTL的基础之上。以大麦两个亲本及其94个自交纯系(RIL)的感光性试验为依据，确定了播种一出穗期间对应的发育模型的4个参数值，再对这些参数值的QTL在遗传图上的位置及其加性效应进行了估算。并以基于QTL效应的模型对RIL群体在不同环境条件(两年播期试验)下的发育期进行预测。     

杜仲梦尼夜蛾发育历期及取食行为研究

杜仲梦尼夜蛾是单食性食叶害虫,专性为害杜仲。本研究旨在摸清该害虫的发育及为害规律,为制定防治决策提供依据。通过野外采集越冬蛹,室内羽化并交尾、产卵,对孵化的幼虫采用单头饲养的方法精确测量幼虫各龄期的取食量,同时,观察并记述该虫各虫态的形态特征及其发育历期。结果表明,杜仲梦尼夜蛾越冬代历时213.85d,蛹期172.40d;在寄主植物生长季,其完成一个世代平均需要59.8d,其中卵期4.45d,幼虫期19.7d,蛹期28.85d,成虫期6.8d。幼虫期蜕皮7次,经历8个龄期,幼虫期存活率达98.9%。越冬代除蛹期外其他虫态历期与上述一致。幼虫全期取食,每头幼虫总取食量平均为1.65g新鲜叶片,6、7、8三个龄期幼虫总的取食量占幼虫期取食总量的79.71%。幼虫为害期约为20d,其防治工作应在5龄之前完成。     

杂交水稻三系亲本新,陈种子生育特性研究

对目前生产应用的２０个三系亲本新、陈种子生育期等性状进行研究。结果表明，晚季种植新种子比陈种子生育期延长，叶片数增加；早季种植除个别亲本外，新、陈种子生育期基本相同；不同亲本间新、陈种子生育期变化差异甚大。     

新疆天山地区日照时数的气候特征

基于1961-2008年新疆天山地区23站日照时数的逐日资料,使用一元线性方程和M-K检验等统计方法,分析天山地区日照时数的时空变化特征。结果表明：①日照时数的气候分布存在明显的空间差异,呈东多西少,南多北少的分布特征。②区域平均日照时数均呈减少趋势,尤其在冬季和夏季。③四季除春季外日照时数均存在明显的年代际变化特征,...     

用水稻苗期叶绿素含量相对稳定期估算水稻剑叶光合功能期的方法研究

 用SPAD-502型叶绿素计测定了8个水稻品种不同叶位连体与离体叶片叶绿素含量的变化，结果表明叶片全展后（或离体后）叶绿素含量变化可明显划分为相对稳定期和速降期两个阶段。离体与连体叶片、不同叶位叶片间的叶绿素含量相对稳定期均呈极显著线性回归关系。进一步测定其他34个品种幼苗期离体第6叶和连体剑叶叶绿素含量相对稳定期并进行若干方程曲线拟合表明，用多项式表示两者之间关系的相关系数最大（r＝0.9619,P< 0.01）。用该拟合方程对另外10个品种剑叶的光合功能期估算并与实测值之间进行相关分析表明，估算值与叶绿素含量相对稳定期和光合速率高值持续期的实测值均达极显著水平，其相关系数分别为0.9948和0.9913(P < 0.01)。进一步证实了上述关系的存在。