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Jie Zou John L. Snider Honghai Zhu Jiaqi He Yuxia Li Zhiguo Zhou Youhua Wang Yali Meng Binglin Chen Wenqing Zhao Shanshan Wang Wei Hu 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2023,209(1):94-115
Drought appears at flowering and boll formation for cotton frequently. However, reports on the impact of carbon dynamics in the subtending leaf on boll biomass under periodic droughts are limited. To investigate this, experiments were carried out with two cultivars (drought-tolerant: Dexiamian 1; drought-sensitive: Yuzaomian 9110), three water levels [soil relative water content (SRWC): control (75 ± 5)%, moderate drought (60 ± 5)%, severe drought (45 ± 5)%] and five drought durations (10, 17, 24, 31 and 38 days). A 38-day drought declined the net photosynthetic rate of subtending leaf, which could be collectively attributed to the reduction in carboxylation with reduced ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity, and stomal limitation with decreased stomatal conductance, along with the damage of photosynthetic apparatus with depressed maximum and actual photochemical quantum yield, leading to lower starch content. A 38-day drought also increased the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (Susy) and expressions of genes (GhSPS1, GhSPS2, GhSusA and GhSusB) associated with these enzymes, causing the accumulation of sucrose content, finally resulting in lower boll biomass. Some of the above parameters fully recovered under more than 17-day moderate drought or over 10-day severe drought, but boll biomass still decreased after re-watering. Under 10-day moderate drought, all aforementioned indices and boll biomass were completely recovered within 7 days of re-watering, and the recovery capacity of Yuzaomian 9110 was lower than that of Dexiamian 1. Therefore, rapid recovery of photosynthesis and decline in the subtending leaf sucrose content to pre-stress levels are important factors in lessening the impacts of drought on boll biomass and are indicative of cultivar tolerance to short-term moderate water deficit. 相似文献
13.
兴隆山保护区在1987年至2007年21年间,采取定点定人定时观测,得出：年平均日照时数是1747.9 h,低于全国该线的日照时数852.1 h;月日照时数是平均145.7 h,范围在181.9 h至116.5 h之间,最多出现在7月,最低出现在10月;日照时数变化很大,平均4.8 h,最长7月,达9h,最短10月,只有1.7 h,形成很大差异.其因是兴隆山林区周边有高山、森林、云、降水、雾霾和水蒸气较多遮挡所致. 相似文献
14.
S. Nyman S. E. Malm H. Gustafsson B. Berglund 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2016,66(3):135-144
The presence and importance of visual oestrous symptoms and the relation to conception, breed, housing system and milk yield were studied. Data were collected from a Swedish research herd during a 16-year period. Local, secondary and primary oestrous symptoms and an overall oestrus intensity score (OI) were studied. Decreasing trends in oestrous expression and conception rates (CR), and an increase in CR with more intensive oestrus, from 24% at OI score one (very week) to 54% at OI score five (very strong) were observed. The mean interval from first to last observed oestrus symptom was long with a large variation (54?±?SD?=?32?h). Generally, irrespectively of housing system, Swedish Red cows had higher CR, more intensive oestruses and longer oestrus durations compared to Swedish Holstein cows. Local oestrous symptoms, with CR of 24–28%, were most frequently detected, which is why more attention should be paid to local oestrous symptoms. 相似文献
15.
壳聚糖对悬浮种衣剂理化指标改变与持效期关联的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究将壳聚糖分别按照0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%的用量加入18.6%拌＆#183;福＆#183;乙悬浮种衣剂中,测定其成膜时间、包衣均匀度、包衣脱落率、包衣覆盖率、种子表面药剂浸水脱落率等理化指标,通过田间药效试验,探索壳聚糖悬浮种衣剂混配药剂拌种,达到延长药效的最佳途径。结果表明：通过对悬浮种衣剂的理化指标的测试分析,壳聚糖能明显的改善指标性质,成膜时间和包衣脱落率均高于现用悬浮种衣剂,提高药剂在种子表面附着率。研究结论：壳聚糖通过改变悬浮种衣剂理化性能来影响有效成分释放,在成膜时间和剂量的释放上得到了明显的控制,使原药的功效得到明显的提高,悬浮种衣剂的持效期延长,减少农药的使用剂量,保护环境。 相似文献
16.
Junwhan KimJiyoung Shon Chung-Kuen LeeWoonho Yang Youngwhan YoonWon-Ha Yang Yuon-Gyu KimByun-Woo Lee 《Field Crops Research》2011,122(3):207-213
High temperature during grain filling period has been reported to decrease the grain filling duration, leading to the lower grain weight and yield of rice. Two experiments in the phytotron and field were carried out to test the hypothesis that the leaf senescence of rice plants may determine the grain filling duration under high temperature. In the phytotron experiment in 2008, rice plants of a japonica cultivar “Ilpumbyeo” were subjected to three minimum/maximum (mean) temperature regimes of 11/19 (15), 17/25 (21), and 23/31 °C (27 °C). In the field experiment, rice seedlings of the same rice cultivar were transplanted on May 6th and June 19th in 2009 and the mean temperatures during the grain filling period were 24.4 and 21.9 °C, respectively. Both experiments revealed consistently that high temperature increased the rates of grain filling and leaf senescence while it reduced the durations of them. However, grain filling was terminated earlier than complete leaf senescence, the time gap being greater at higher temperature. In addition, the fraction of dry matter partitioning to the leaf sheath + culm resumed to increase following the termination of grain filling under high temperature, indicating that leaves were still maintaining photosynthetic capacity and supplying assimilates into the other plant tissues except grain even after the termination of grain filling. These findings suggest that an early termination of grain filling in temperate rice under high temperature was not resulted from the lack of assimilate owing to the early leaf senescence but from the loss of sink activity owing to the earlier senescence of panicle. 相似文献
17.
基于1973至2022年广昌县域气温、降水量以及日照时数地面气象观测数据,通过线性气候倾向率分析、M-K突变检验分析以及滑动T检验分析方法,对过去50年广昌县域气候变化趋势进行分析。结果表明,近50年广昌县域年际平均气温呈显著性上升趋势,上升率为0.28℃/10a,且2001年为突变年;年际累计降水量呈非显著性下降趋势,下降率为-1.56mm/10a;年际总日照时数呈非显著性下降趋势,下降率为-35.49h/10a;因此今后赣中地区应注意加强高温干旱、暴雨洪涝等自然灾害的防御。 相似文献
19.
苏玉系列不同玉米品种的鉴定与比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对苏玉系列7个高产玉米新品种的鉴定与比较,掌握了各品种的生育期、农艺性状、抗逆性等特点,筛选出了苏玉23、苏玉31、苏玉29、苏玉20等几个较优良的品种,初步认为可用作江苏的推广品种或用于改良缺陷的遗传变异源。 相似文献
20.