逆流运动及葵花籽油替代鱼油对吉富罗非鱼生长和体成分的影响

选取初始体质量（73．81±9．02）g的雄性吉富罗非鱼（GIFFOreochromisniloticus）,分别投喂含100％鱼油（A）、50％葵花籽油＋50％鱼油（B）和100％葵花籽油（C）的饲料,每种饲料设置2个流速运动水平（0BL·s-1、1．5BL·s-1）（BL,体长）,共6个试验组合（0A、1．5A、0B、1．5B、0C、1．5C）,饲养42d后测定试验鱼生长和体成分变化。结果显示各组合吉富罗非鱼的成活率没有显著性差异（P〉0．05）。1．5B组合的特定生长率（4．96±0．02）％·d-1显著高于其他各组合（P〈0．05）。逆流运动后红肌和白肌蛋白质含量分别最高增加10．25％和7．74％（P〈0．05）。逆流运动对全鱼和肌肉多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）含量没有显著影响（P〉0．05）,但饲料B组和c组鱼体红肌PUFA含量显著高于A组（P〈0．05）,而B组和c组之间则没有显著差异（P〉0．05）。研究结果表明,葵花籽油替代鱼油对吉富罗非鱼的生长和体成分没有显著影响,而逆流运动能够显著提高肌肉蛋白质含量。     

向日葵栽培中存在的植保问题及解决对策

近几年,随着向日葵面积的不断扩大,在生产中普遍存在连作重茬造成耕层土壤环境破坏、产出力下降、除草剂残留药害以及病虫草害发生严重等几个突出问题,对向日葵的产量和品质造成较大的影响。根据多年的研究及实践经验特对向日葵选茬及病虫草害防治等相关问题提出相应的解决对策,以便为向日葵生产提供理论依据和实用技术指导。     

Effect of tillage and crop on arbuscular mycorrhiza colonization of winter wheat and triticale under Mediterranean conditions

Large‐scale inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is generally impractical in most regions and we have little understanding of the factors that determine inoculation success. Nevertheless, the ability to take full advantage of indigenous AMF for sustainable production needs to be developed within cropping systems. We used part of a long‐term field experiment to understand the influence of tillage and the preceding crop on AMF colonization over the growing season. Arbuscular mycorrhiza colonization rate was more affected by treatment (tillage or the combination of crop and preceding crop) than by the total number of AMF spores in the soil. Conventional tillage (CT) had a statistically significant negative effect (P ≤ 0.05) on spore numbers isolated from the soil, but only in the first year of study. However, the AMF colonization rate was significantly reduced by CT, and the roots of wheat, Triticum aestivum, L, cv. Coa after sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., were less well colonized than were those of triticale, X Triticosecale Wittmack, cv. Alter after wheat, but the affect of tillage was more pronounced than was the effect of crop combination. Under no‐till there was a significant increase in AMF colonization rate throughout the sampling period in both wheat and triticale, indicating that the extraradical mycelium previously produced acted as a source of inoculum. In general, triticale showed greater AMF colonization than wheat, despite the preceding crop being less mycotrophic. Under these experimental conditions, typical of Mediterranean agricultural systems, AMF colonization responded more strongly to tillage practices than to the combination of crop and preceding crop.     

香蕉茎秆废弃物综合利用研究现状与分析

介绍中国香蕉种植情况及香蕉茎秆废弃物状况，阐述国内外香蕉茎秆废弃物在纺织、造纸、饲料、肥料、能源等领域的利用状况及研究进展，结合香蕉产业发展现状分析香蕉茎秆废弃物综合利用过程中存在的问题，提出对策性建议。     

Boron Fertilization in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in an Inceptisol of West Bengal,India

This study is a synthesis of information on growth, yield, and boron-use efficiency of hybrid sunflower (cultivar Aditya) in an inceptisol (Gangetic alluvium) of West Bengal, India, under varied proportions of soil and foliar-applied boron. Foliar spray of boron (B), under all circumstances, performed better than soil application of B fertilizers with regard to sunflower seed and total dry-matter yield, B uptake, and B-use efficiencies, while 0.2 percent foliar B spray was associated with greatest B recoveries, B-use efficiencies, and sunflower seed yields in the experimental years.     

寄生玉米的6种腐霉及其致病性研究

 从国内12省、自治区、直辖市玉米植株上分离出腐霉菌菌株,依据形态特征、培养性状、生长抑制温度,以及产生的有性与无性器官,鉴别出6个腐霉种:棘腐霉(Pythium acanthicum Drechsler),瓜果腐霉(P.aphanidermatum(Edson)Fitzpatrick),强雄腐霉(P. arrhenomanes Drechsler),禾生腐霉(P.graminicola Subramaniam),肿囊腐霉(P.inflatum Matthews),寡雄腐霉(P.oligandrum Drechsler),其中肿囊腐霉出现频率高,分布广泛。回接玉米表明,腐霉能够侵染玉米并引起病害,肿囊腐霉、禾生腐霉、强雄腐霉、棘腐霉是玉米青枯病的重要致病菌;瓜果腐霉能够引起玉米中部茎节腐烂;寡雄腐霉虽寄生玉米,但对玉米成株无致病力。     

Interactions between Plasmopara helianthi, Glomus mosseae and Two Plant Activators in Sunflower Plants

Interactions between Plasmopara helianthi, Glomus mosseae and two plant activators DL--amino-n-butyric acid (BABA) and CGA 245704 (acibenzolar-S-methyl (BTH)) in sunflower plants susceptible to downy mildew were studied in four experiments using different methods of treatment and pathogen inoculation. Both chemicals were applied as soil drenches and foliar sprays, whereas P. helianthi infection was obtained by root and cotyledon inoculations of the seedlings. Soil drenches at the rates of 50 and 100mgkg^–1 soil of BABA and BTH given 1 and 3 days before P. helianthi inoculation, respectively to mycorrhizal plants, provided moderate protection against the pathogen (about 50–55%). Morphological changes and decrease in mycorrhizal colonization in roots of BTH-treated plants and in BTH-treated mycorrhizal plants were also observed. Delay in the emergence and reduction of the root systems were more evident at the highest concentration but decreased with time. These effects were absent with the BABA treatment.Foliar spray treatment of BABA and BTH, applied at 4000 and 200µgml^–1, respectively (1 day post-inoculation) to mycorrhizal plants provided good protection (about 80%) against P. helianthi foliar infections. No effects on mycorrhizal colonization or on root systems were observed. In vitro tests on the effect of the compounds on the mycorrhizal fungus showed that the germination of G. mosseae sporocarps increased with BABA treatment whereas it was greatly inhibited by BTH treatment.     

Intraspecific Relationship of Plasmopara halstedii Isolates Differing in Pathogenicity and Geographic Origin Based on ITS Sequence Data

Sequence parts of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA were analysed to screen for the intraspecific variability of a non-coding genomic region in 15 Plasmopara halstedii populations of different pathotype and geographic origin. Samples revealed uniformity in a ca. 790 Bp fragment comprising of the ITS-1, 5.8S and front parts of the ITS-2. In contrast, clear differences were found in a ca. 810 Bp fragment of the ITS-2 thus allowing differentiation between populations of pathotype 100, 310 and 330 and a group of populations representing pathotypes 700, 701, 703, 710 and 730. Samples of pathotypes 700 to730 originated from Slovakia, France, and Germany, but were uniform in both ITS sequence parts, thus indicating very recent origin of these highly aggressive physiological races. The potential use of ITS sequences for pathotype differentiation and phylogenetic studies in P. halstedii is discussed.     

转基因番茄F2代的贮藏特性研究

以F1′、F2、F3、NR四个转基因番茄基因型为实验材料,研究了转反义乙烯基因F2代番茄果实的贮藏特性,据此对转基因番茄各基因型的贮藏特性作综合分析评价。结果表明,F3基因型果实的失重率、腐烂率最低,果柄拉力最大,外观形态最好,贮藏特性最好;其次是F1′和NR基因型;而F2基因型最差。