Nutritional properties of dried salmon silage for broiler feeding

The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, energy and amino acid profile of dried salmon silage (DSS) for broilers. The DSS was obtained by acid digestion of salmon mortalities and subsequently co‐dried with wheat bran in a 70:30 ratio (70 parts silage and 30 parts wheat bran). Samples of DSS were evaluated for chemical composition, gross energy, nitrogen‐corrected true metabolizable energy (TME_n), mineral content, total and digestible amino acids for broilers, and amino acid score. The chemical composition of DSS was (mean ± SD): moisture (12.3 ± 0.8%), crude protein (44.0 ± 1.1%), ether extract (5.0 ± 2.4%), crude fiber (3.3 ± 0.4%) and ash (9.4 ± 0.6%). The gross energy and TME_n for broilers were 4 069 kcal/kg and 2 613 kcal/kg, respectively. The DSS mineral composition showed a high content of calcium (1.01%) and phosphorus (1.08%). The DSS had high levels of digestible methionine (0.74%), lysine (2.27%), and threonine (1.16%), and did not present limiting amino acids for broilers. Nutritional composition of DSS showed high protein content with an amino acid profile considered to be suitable as a protein source for broiler feeding.     

发酵豆粕在犊牛饲料中的应用进展

豆粕是一种优质的植物性蛋白来源,含有丰富的氨基酸,但也含有胰蛋白酶抑制因子、抗原蛋白以及大豆凝集素等抗营养因子,容易引起犊牛消化功能紊乱,造成营养性腹泻,限制了其在犊牛上的使用量。微生物发酵可以改善豆粕的营养价值,使抗营养因子得到充分的降解,生成的小肽和有机酸有利于犊牛消化吸收和肠道健康,进而提高犊牛断奶日增重和免疫能力,降低犊牛的腹泻率和断奶应激。本文综述了豆粕经过发酵后带来营养价值的变化,并就发酵豆粕在犊牛上的应用进行概述,为其今后在犊牛中的应用提供参考。     

A Comparison Investigation on Antioxidant Activities,Physicochemical Properties and Phytochemical Contents of Kiwifruit Genotypes and Cultivars

The present work was conducted to find the physicochemical properties, chemical components and antioxidant capacity of kiwifruit hydroalcoholic extracts (B-31, HO-1-14, J-242, Bruno, Greenlight, Hayward, Monty, Topstar) grown Yalova, Turkey. Phytochemical tests were performed to determine total phenolic, flavonoid and ascorbic acid. Moreover, the kiwifruit extracts were subjected to evaluate their antioxidant potential using different in vitro assays such as total antioxidant, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, reducing power, metal chelating, free radical, H₂O₂ and superoxide anion scavenging activities at 50–500 μg mL^?1, and also found EC₅₀ and IC₅₀ values. The soluble solid content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA) and pH were analyzed in all the genotypes and cultivars. The highest total phenolic, flavonoid and ascorbic acid content were found in J-242 (89.53 mg GAE/100 g), J-242 (109.13 mg QE/100 g) and HO-1-14 (64.15 mg/100 g), respectively. The linoleic, palmitic, stearic and oleic acid methyl esters were detected in all kiwifruit extracts by GC/MS. Significant differences were found between genotypes and cultivars in the antioxidant tests. The extracts showed high inhibition of lipid peroxidation and compared to standards, significantly (p < 0.05). The GC/MS analyses confirmed quantitative variability in the antioxidant profiles. The SSC, TA and pH of kiwifruit genotypes and cultivars showed a moderate level. The key parameters for the most active kiwifruit included the following: total antioxidant activity for B-31, H₂O₂ scavenging activity for J-242 and metal chelating activity for Topstar. In conclusion, this study exhibited the important role played by the genotypes and cultivars background on the chemical content and antioxidant profiles.     

Nutritive characterization of purslane accessions as influenced by planting date

The uniqueness of purslane (Portulaca spp.) asthe richest vegetable source of omega-3 (-3)fatty acids is well documented. However, purslane hasnot been domesticated or fully evaluated for itsnutritive value. The objective of this study was todetermine the influence of planting date on chemicalcomposition of purslane accessions. Eight accessionsfrom different geographical locations were planted 12days apart, and whole plants harvested at full bloom. Chemical analysis (DM basis) of leaves showedsignificant differences among varieties for all thecharacteristics measured. Accession by planting dateinteraction influenced (p < 0.05) levels of crudeprotein, total lipids, and carbohydrate contents. Wild Greek accession had the highest, while aBeltsville (Maryland) wild type had the lowest crudeprotein content (27.1 vs 20.5%) at the secondplanting date. Crude protein, lipid and ash levelswere most influenced (p < 0.05) by planting date. Total lipids varied from 4.0–5.8% and 3.7–5.1% forthe first and second planting dates, respectively. Selected fatty acid content indicated significantly(p < 0.05) higher levels of 18: 26, and18: 33 in the Dutch Garden accession comparedwith other varieties. The Egyptian wild accession hadthe lowest level of 18: 33. The ratio of 3 to 6 acids, which ranged from 5.5 to22.3 indicated a highnutritive value of purslane compared to other oilcrops such as soybeans and perrilla. The high levelsof protein in purslane compete with those of othercommercially important vegetable crops. The studyshows that, in spite of its genetic diversity, purslaneremains one of the most abundant terrestrial vegetablesources of Omega-3 fatty acids and other essentialnutrients potentially beneficial for humans as well asanimals.     

70%噁霉灵可湿性粉剂防治甜菜立枯病药效评价

2007、2008年70%噁霉灵可湿性粉剂防治甜菜立枯病田间药效试验结果表明：70％噁霉灵可湿性粉剂有效成分4900 mg/kg甜菜种子,两年的防治效果分别为95.96%和92.17%,结合其他4个点次的试验结果,相比于对照药剂50%福美双可湿性粉剂,平均增加产糖量299.63 kg/hm2,折合人民币净增收1 115.49元,在此剂量下对甜菜安全,宜在黑龙江甜菜产区推广应用。     

施氮量对盐角草生长及钠离子累积的影响

为了研究施氮对盐角草生长及其钠离子累积的影响,本研究通过5个氮肥水平大田小区试验分析了不同施氮量对盐角草生长和钠离子累积的影响.结果表明:施氮能够显著增加盐角草茎秆、籽粒和同化枝的产量;在0 ～ 600 kg/hm2范围内,盐角草的生物量及籽粒产量随着施氮量增加而呈现直线增长的趋势.施氮对盐角草茎秆、籽粒和同化枝中的Na+含量无显著影响,但盐角草同化枝中的Na+含量显著高于茎秆和籽粒.施氮能够促进盐角草各部分对Na+的累积,600 kg/hm2的施氮量条件下,盐角草的Na+累积量平均达到了9668 kg/hm2,较不施氮的2045 kg/hm2增加了370％.因此,本研究表明,施氮能够促进盐角草对盐渍土的改良效果.     

吲哚乙酸引导下三唑醇在大豆植株中的传导与积累研究初报

将吲哚乙酸与三唑醇发生酯化反应后生成的吲哚乙酸三唑醇酯 ,在0.5 mmol/L浓度下水培和喷雾处理6~8叶期大豆植株,同时以相同浓度的三唑醇及其与吲哚乙酸的混合物为对照,色谱法测定不同时间植株不同部位吲哚乙酸三唑醇酯和三唑醇的含量。结果表明,与对照相比,吲哚乙酸三唑醇酯在大豆中具有明显的双向传导和向根部积累的特点。喷雾处理后,在12~60 h之间内吸量和根部积累量均出现最大值。     

Dietary Supplementation of Oregano and Sage Dried Leaves on Performances and Meat Quality of Rabbits

The aim of this research was to evaluate the dietary supplementation 1% （w/w） of oregano and sage dried leaves on performances and meat quality of broiler rabbits. A feeding trial, which lasted 48 d, was carried out on 105 male Bianca Italiana rabbits randomly divided in seven groups and fed ad libitum. At the end of the trial ten animals per group were slaughtered and samples of dorsal muscle were taken in order to perform laboratory analysis. Mortality rate did not statistically differ between groups. Growth performances of animals fed diets supplemented with aromatic plants were higher （P〈0.05） than those of animals of control group, whereas carcass parameters were not affected by treatments excepting for the slaughter weight that showed the same trend as growth performances. Meat quality traits, oxidative lipid stability and fatty acid proifle were not inlfuenced by aromatic plant supplementation. In conclusion, oregano and sage in form of dried leaves can be used in rabbit without adverse effects on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality traits.     

刺五加多糖的提取工艺研究

试验比较了水提和碱水提、分步醇沉和分级醇沉提取刺五加多糖的工艺差异。采用水提醇沉的方法提取、分离刺五加多糖,采用Segav法脱蛋白,苯酚-硫酸法测定总糖含量,柱前衍生化GC-MS法测单糖组成。结果显示,水提法的多糖得率较高,但是总糖含量较低;碱提法的多糖得率略低,但是总糖含量较高;分步醇沉操作繁琐,但是多糖得率和总糖含量最高。提取溶剂和醇沉浓度不同,单糖组成比例有所变化。木糖和半乳糖在刺五加多糖中比例高于阿拉伯糖和葡萄糖比例。综合考虑,用碱水提取刺五加多糖,采用分步醇沉的方法,可以得到较多和较高含量的多糖。     

基于康奈尔净碳水化合物与蛋白质体系的瘤胃非降解蛋白质小肠可吸收氨基酸流量的简化评定技术

本试验旨在简化基于康奈尔净碳水化合物与蛋白质体系(CNCPS)评定瘤胃非降解蛋白质(RUP)小肠可吸收氨基酸流量的技术。小肠可吸收氨基酸来自菌体蛋白和RUP,CNCPS根据溶解性将饲料粗蛋白质(CP)分为A、B1、B2、B3和C共5种组分,只有3种B组分可以过瘤胃并在小肠中消化。为评定RUP小肠可吸收氨基酸的贡献,CNCPS需要分别测定3种B组分的瘤胃降解率,3种过瘤胃B组分的小肠消化率需采用不同常数。选择18份饲料样品,其中精料12份,粗料6份,测定CNCPS评定RUP小肠可吸收氨基酸流量所需数据,同时对饲料CP的瘤胃动态降解率及不同时间点RUP的体外小肠消化率进行了测定,通过这些数据提出简化评定方法。结果表明:1)精料和粗料均以8 h的CP瘤胃降解率(X,%)与有效降解率(Y,%)间相关性最强,二者间呈线性相关,精料和粗料方程分别为Y=12.652+0.828X,r=0.990,P0.000 1和Y=10.967+0.886X,r=0.980,P=0.000 6。2)精料2 h RUP小肠消化率(X,%)与RUP小肠有效消化率(Y,%)间相关性最强,方程为Y=0.026+0.879X,r=0.970,P0.000 1;粗料8h RUP小肠消化率(X,%)与RUP小肠有效消化率(Y,%)间相关性最强,方程为Y=-0.002+0.960 X,r=0.995,P0.000 1。3)简化方案经可靠性评估得出,8 h CP瘤胃降解率和RUP小肠消化率简化CNCPS模型预测的小肠氨基酸流量(X,‰)与CNCPS预测的小肠氨基酸流量(Y,‰)相关性最强,精料方程为Y=-0.056+1.409X,r=0.999,P0.000 1;粗料方程为Y=0.003+2.120 X,r=0.999,P0.000 1。精料和粗料的简化评定结果与CNCPS评定结果的均方根误差分别为0.245和0.005,变异系数分别为7.08%和4.49%。综合得出,基于CNCPS,得到了预测RUP小肠可吸收氨基酸流量的简化模型,简化后的精料和粗料模型分别为Y=-0.056+1.409×[AA×(100-D8)×CP×ID8],r=0.999,P0.000 1和Y=0.002+2.120×[AA×(100-D8)×CP×ID8],r=0.999,P0.000 1,Y为RUP中的某种氨基酸小肠可吸收流量(‰),D8为CP的8 h瘤胃降解率(%),ID8为RUP的8 h小肠消化率(%),AA为不溶性蛋白质中该氨基酸含量(%)。