竹材的采集与加工方法

竹材具有明显的变异性,为了稳定产品的质量,需要统一采集和加工的方法.本文参照国标作法和国际标准（ISO）对毛竹的采集和加工方法作出统一的规定,其中包括竹材的采集地点、采集日期、采集数量、竹龄、竹材的胸径、长度、稍径、竹材的材质,以及竹材的分段方法,竹秆大小端的长径、短径、壁厚、圆度、削尖度提出具体的要求.根据统一方法加工的竹秆变异受到限制.     

漾濞核桃叶片基因组DNA的两种提取方法效果比较

以漾濞核桃不同生长期的叶片为材料，采用高盐低pH法和改良CTAB法作提取其基因组DNA的效果比较实验。通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳、紫外分光光度计和RAPD扩增对所提取的DNA样品进行检测，比较所得DNA的产量、质量，认为从漾濞核桃不同发育时期叶片中获得DNA的提取效果不同。4种叶样以冬芽和新叶的效果为好，老叶最差；用两种提取方法从叶片中得到的DNA产量和质量有所不同，高盐低pH法提取的DNA纯度高，但是产量较低；而改良CTAB法则相反，产量高，纯度低。     

日本树蜂危害现状及防治对策

报道了日本高知日本柳杉Cryptomeria japonica、日本扁柏Chamaecyparis obtusa人工林中日本树蜂Urocerus japonicus的危害现状，平均被害率为27％，最高为38％，最低为12％。树木被害星形纹平均达3．2个／株。日本树峰的羽化初期为6月下旬至7月初，盛期为7月中旬至8月中旬，终期为9月中、下旬。同时，初步探讨了防治对策。     

石竹叶面积指数的测定

通过对石竹叶面积指数测定表明 ,叶面积随胸径的增大而趋于增大 ,当林分密度为 30 0 0 0～ 375 0 0株·hm-2 ,平均直径 2～ 3cm时 ,叶面积指数趋于合理 ,这时产量也最高     

Propagation methods for black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) improvement in Hungary

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is one of the most important stand-forming tree species in Hungary and its importance is increasing in many countries. Black locust plants are commonly produced by two methods, by seed and by root cuttings. Tissue culture propagation can be considered as a relatively new method. Growing trees from seed is a relatively simple method for reliably producing seedlings on a large scale under a variety of circumstances. Mechanization of the method is easy and the production cost is relatively low. Propagation from root cuttings and tissue culture are valuable for reproduction of superior individuals or varieties. By applying these methods, superior traits of the selected trees can be preserved in the clones. Recent experiments demonstrated that micropropagated trees could be successfully transplanted into soil, hardened and grown in the field. Biography: Karoly Redei (1952), male, doctor, deputy director general of Hungarian Forest Research Institute H-1023 Budapest, Frankel Leó Str. 42 44, HUNGARY. Responsible editor: Chal Ruihai     

People’s attitude and use of forestland: Co-evolution of forest administration in Bangladesh

This paper explores the influence over time of past policies on people’s attitudes towards the use of forestland in Bangladesh. The discourses of the attitudes of people were captured from the observed social tradition towards forest resources. Forests were reserved systematically and solely through the Forest Department. The conservation processes were not participatory, and rights and tenure were strictly controlled. People were socially excluded and alienated from the forest, and the socio-political factors stimulated negative attitudes among people. Forests were considered to be government property, and therefore managing forests was the responsibility of the government. People only used forest resources to meet their own requirements, either with formal permission or illegally. This situation continued even after the independence of Bangladesh in 1971. As a result, the forests of Bangladesh have been degraded heavily in recent decades.     

浅谈高层建筑施工方法的选择

本文阐述了高层建筑的结构形式和施工速度与施工方法的选择。     

匈牙利刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia L.)改良的繁殖方法(英文)

在匈牙利,匈牙利刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia L.)是重要的成林树种之一,且该树种的重要性在世界其它国家也日益增加。该树种的生产通常有两种方法:种子和根插条。组织培养对该种来说是一种相对较新的方法。对于在各种环境条件下大规模地生产苗木来说,种子栽培是相对简单的方法,机械化方法比较容易且生产成本相对较低。根插条和组织培养对于优势个体或品种繁殖是有价值的。利用这些方法,所选出的树木的优势品质可以在无性系得以保存。近期实验表明,微繁殖树木可以成功地移植到土壤中,在野外生长。     

MSM法优化材积方程的研究

一元材积表是根据胸径(D)与材积(V)的数学模型编制的林业用表。V=aD~b是编制一元材积表最常用的方程。由于上式是非线性的,过去常采用的方法是将该方程转化为线性拟合问题,但这里存在一个问题,非线性方程取对数转化为线性方程后,通过最小二乘法求得的参数对线性方程来说是最优的,而对原非线性方程而言,则误差较大,有进一步优化的必要。本文试图应用改进单纯形法,进一步优化V=aD~b方程的参数a、b,从而提高一元材积表的精度。     

利用试差法确定林业抽样调查中的样本容量

本文针对正态总体的情形,讨论了如何利用试差法确定样本容量,即利用 n=1+s~2/(Δ (?)~2)·t~2_(n-1)(a) 式反复迭代,直到求出的n值差异很小为止,这时的n值即为所求的样本容量。文中并给出了试差法在林业中的应用实例。