Polyphosphate Accelerates Transformation of Nonstructural Carbohydrates to Improve Growth of ppk-Expressing Transgenic Rice in Phosphorus Deficiency Culture

Crop yield and quality are often limited by the amount of phosphate fertilizer added to infertile soils, a key limiting factor for sustainable development in modern agriculture. The polyphosphate kinase(ppk) gene-expressing transgenic rice with a single-copy line(ETRS) is constructed to improve phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency for phosphorus resource conservation. To investigate the potential mechanisms of the increased biomass in ETRS in low phosphate culture, ETRS was cultivated in ...     

葡萄VvSUC12基因启动子的克隆及上游调控因子鉴定

枝干病害葡萄溃疡病近年来严重限制了葡萄产业发展。研究表明葡萄蔗糖转运蛋白参与寄主植物和病原菌的互作过程。为解析蔗糖转运蛋白VvSUC12在葡萄免疫反应过程中的功能,本研究克隆了VvSUC12基因翻译起始位点上游1 500 bp的启动子区,通过生物信息学分析发现该区域包含4个Dof转录因子结合序列(A/TAAAG)及多种激素调节与防御相关的顺式元件。实时荧光定量分析显示,接种可可毛色二孢菌显著诱导VvSUC12和VvDof19基因的表达。通过酵母单杂交实验筛选得到与VvSUC12启动子互作的转录因子VvDof19。酵母双杂交实验证实VvDof19具有自激活活性;进一步通过烟草瞬时表达发现Dof19-GFP的相对GUS活性约为对照GFP的9倍,表明转录因子VvDof19能够激活VvSUC12基因的表达。研究结果为深入研究蔗糖转运蛋白在葡萄免疫反应中的功能奠定基础。     

IAA、GA和ABA对葡萄果实~(14)C蔗糖输入与代谢的调控

将　14 C蔗糖与激素IAA、GA和ABA同时通过果柄引入离体葡萄果实 ,研究了蔗糖积累代谢与激素的关系。结果表明 :①GA在幼果膨大期 ,IAA在果实始熟期以前 ,ABA从缓慢生长期到果实成熟 ,对蔗糖的吸收有明显促进效果。②GA与IAA在果实发育前期 (第Ⅰ、Ⅱ期 )可促进　14 C蔗糖转化为非醇溶性结构物 ;ABA则在成熟期表现出类似的作用。③IAA、GA与ABA在幼果膨大期可促进糖分转化为有机酸 ,但在缓慢生长期都抑制这一过程 ,抑制效果以ABA最显著 ,IAA其次 ,GA最小。成熟期糖分占醇溶物的 85 %～ 91% ,不同激素处理的差异不明显。ABA可促进各个时期果实中氨基酸的合成。④IAA可加快蔗糖分解为还原糖 ;GA增加果糖积累 ;ABA处理的果实蔗糖含量最高 ,推测ABA直接刺激了果肉维管束的蔗糖卸载。     

FaASR基因超表达促进草莓果实着色

以‘甜查理’草莓为试材,在克隆草莓ASR同源基因的基础上,对草莓中FaASR基因进行生物信息学、时空表达分析,通过调控草莓果实中ASR基因表达水平,分析果实的着色、蔗糖、ABA、色素和果实硬度等生理指标的变化,以及与色素代谢相关基因CHS、UFGT的表达水平,揭示ASR基因调控草莓果实成熟的机制。草莓ASR含有一个典型的与果实成熟和抗逆有关的ABA/WDS区域,ASR基因过量表达可以促进草莓果实提前上色,促进果实内源ABA积累、蔗糖含量增加和果实变软,并且促进与果实花色苷积累相关的关键基因CHS和UFGT的转录水平。该研究有助于深入揭示果实发育信息传递的分子机制,也为今后草莓的分子改良育种奠定重要的基础。     

新疆棉区日最低气温对棉纤维次生壁加厚期蔗糖代谢的影响

 【目的】研究日均最低气温对棉纤维中蔗糖代谢、纤维素沉积和纤维比强度形成的影响,揭示棉纤维强力变化的机理。【方法】通过分期播种,使棉铃发育处于不同的低温环境下,研究不同低温水平对新疆棉纤维发育过程中蔗糖代谢中相关物质含量变化、调控蔗糖代谢的关键酶活性变化的影响及与纤维素沉积的关系。【结果】正常播期条件下,棉株中部棉铃纤维中蔗糖合成酶（SS）和蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）活性高,蔗糖转化彻底,纤维素累积时间长且累积平稳,最终纤维素含量高、纤维强力增加。播期推迟,棉铃发育过程中夜间温度降低,纤维中SPS活性下降、酸性转化酶（AI）和碱性转化酶（NI）活性升高,造成果糖含量明显上升,影响纤维素的沉积。【结论】棉纤维加厚期＜15.3℃的日均最低气温影响了蔗糖代谢关键酶活性的变化,引起蔗糖转化率下降,果糖循环速率减缓并在纤维中大量富集。     

Improvement of the emulsifying properties of porcine sarcoplasmic proteins with a low-molecular weight surfactant by the two-step emulsification method

The emulsifying properties of porcine sarcoplasmic protein (SP) with or without low-molecular weight surfactants were examined. The emulsifying activity (EA) of SP was weaker than that of sodium caseinate (CA), blood plasma (BP) and whey protein isolates at a protein concentration of 0.5–3%. Sodium chloride decreased the EA of SP. The EA of SP was about one quarter that of CA in the presence of 3% sodium chloride. As homogenization time increased, the EAs of SP and BP decreased. The EA of SP was not influenced by sucrose stearate ester (SE) with a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value of 16 (SE-16) but was decreased by those with HLB values of 5 and 1. Low-molecular weight surfactants such as SE-16, Tween 80 and sodium cholate improved the EA of SP with the two-step emulsification method: corn oil was previously emulsified with the surfactant before addition of SP and homogenization. In the case of the addition of SE-16 as primary emulsifier, the EA was about twice as high as that of SP alone. The same effect was shown in the emulsions formed by CA and soy protein isolate. These results indicate that the emulsifying properties of meat protein would be improved by the addition of a low-molecular weight surfactant in a two-step emulsification.     

蔗糖滤泥发酵腐熟菌剂筛选试验

【目的】筛选出对蔗糖滤泥可进行快速腐熟化处理的生物菌剂,为工厂化处理蔗糖滤泥,生产高效、安全、优质的新型生物肥料提供参考依据。【方法】对蔗糖滤泥进行堆体腐熟化发酵试验,按EM活菌水剂（A,有效活菌数≥5.0×108 CFU/mL）、滤泥生物发酵粉剂（B,有效活菌数≥5.0×108 CFU/mL）和BM发酵腐熟粉剂（C,有效活菌数100.0×108 CFU/g）设3个施菌剂处理,另设不施菌剂处理（CK）作对照,测定各处理堆体温度、水分,以及C、N、C/N及腐殖酸等参数,分析各处理下微生物活动繁殖能力及滤泥腐熟程度。【结果】A、B、C处理堆体温度达到40.0 ℃所需的时间均为11 d,对照处理为24 d。A、B、C和CK处理的C/N比分别为23.43、25.66、20.71和22.89,处理C的C/N 显著低于其他处理（P＜0.05）。A、B、C和CK处理的腐殖酸含量分别为19.8%、19.1%、20.2%和12.6%,各菌剂处理的腐殖酸含量均极显著高于CK（P＜0.01）。【结论】利用BM发酵腐熟粉剂发酵蔗糖滤泥,其各项参数均优于其他处理和对照,发酵蔗糖滤泥时可优先选择使用。     

Physiological Factors Limiting Grain Growth in Wheat Ears Cultured in Sucrose Solution

Detached wheat ears (15 days post-anthesis) were cultured in liquid nutrient medium containing different sucrose concentrations (2. 6 and 10%). The volume of solution taken up was highest from 2% sucrose solution and decreased with increasing sucrose concentration. Grain development in terms of grain weight, glumes and rachis weight, nitrogen and protein content showed a linear increase in these variables over 11 days. Dry weight per grain increased with the sucrose level in the medium and the reduced uptake of solution did not decrease the moisture percentage of the grain. The culture of ears decreased the solution pH more with 2% than with 10% sucrose. Addition of 0.5% chloramphenicol to the culture solution had no adverse effect on grain weight, rather it prevented contamination and maintained a higher pH of the solution.     

石斛属植物基因组DNA提取方法的对比

笔者使用6种DNA提取方法提取7种含糖量较高的石斛属植物的DNA,比较不同方法提取DNA的效果,结果表明:改良PEX法和改良CTAB法对含有丰富多糖和多酚类的石斛属植物的DNA提取效果较好。改良PEX法与其他5种方法对比,可以更好地去除多糖类和多酚物质的干扰,能够满足后续的分子生物学实验的要求。改良CTAB法和改良SDS法与CTAB法和SDS法相比,可获得较高的DNA产率,并且可以较好地去除多糖类杂质的干扰。     

乙烯利对宿根蔗生理生化特性和农艺性状的影响

桂糖17号和新台糖22号新植蔗分蘖初期，用100mg／L乙烯利喷施叶面，促进了宿根蔗出苗并提高了苗期的叶绿素含量。继续用100mg／L乙烯利分别在宿根蔗苗期、伸长盛期喷施叶面，结果显示：苗期喷施乙烯利促进了宿根蔗的生长，改善了宿根蔗的经济性状，增加了甘蔗产量；两个时期处理都提高了宿根蔗的有效茎数、成茎率和甘蔗品质，但伸长盛期喷施乙烯利，甘蔗的茎长、茎径、单茎重比对照低。在相对干旱时期，乙烯利处理的叶片相对含水量、束缚水／自由水比值都高于对照，而丙二醛含量、组织浸提液可溶性糖含量、电导率都低于对照，说明乙烯利处理提高了宿根蔗的抗旱性。