两种杜鹃杂交种不定芽生根的培养基配方

以杜鹃杂交种R.simsii×R.mucronatum和R.pulchrum×R.mucronatum组培苗的不定芽为外植体,对基本培养基和蔗糖浓度采用单因子设计,对生长素种类和活性炭采用正交试验,对适宜的生根培养基配方进行了探讨。结果表明:不同的杂交组合适宜不定芽生根的培养基类型、蔗糖浓度及激素组合都有所不同。R.simsii×R.mucr-onatum的适宜生根培养基为1/2 WPM+20 g/L蔗糖+3 g/L AC,R.pulchrum×R.mucronatum的合适生根培养基为WPM+10 g/L蔗糖+2 mg/L IBA。适宜的移栽基质均为V泥炭∶V蛭石∶V珍珠岩=1∶1∶1。     

苹果液泡膜蔗糖转运蛋白基因MdSUT4的表达分析与功能鉴定

以新疆红肉苹果杂种一代优系‘红脆1号’为试材,克隆MdSUT4并原核诱导获得其重组蛋白,对其进行生物信息学分析,测定其在不同组织及不同发育时期果实中的表达,通过亚细胞定位及转基因鉴定其功能。结果发现,MdSUT4编码的蛋白大小为55 kD左右,定位于8号染色体,由5个外显子和4个内含子组成;糖代谢相关基因系统进化树分析发现,MdSUT4与AtSUC4、PpSUT4在同一个进化支上;定量表达分析发现,MdSUT4在苹果的花、叶和幼果中均有较高的表达,且在果实发育中的表达水平与蔗糖含量显著负相关;MdSUT4启动子含有与糖信号及激素信号相关的顺式作用元件;在‘王林’苹果愈伤组织中过表达MdSUT4,能降低蔗糖含量,但却提高类黄酮含量;MdSUT4定位于‘王林’愈伤组织原生质体的液泡膜上。以上结果表明,MdSUT4可能参与了蔗糖从液泡膜中的外排,并可能促进类黄酮的合成。     

有机无机肥配施对水稻光合特性及NR与SPS活性的影响

采用田间小区试验,研究了有机肥(稻草、猪粪、猪粪堆肥和沼渣沼液)与化肥配施对水稻光合特性、硝酸还原酶(NR)及蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性的影响.结果表明,猪粪堆肥与化肥配施处理在提高水稻功能叶净光合速率、水稻碳氮代谢关键时期NR和SPS酶活性方面较其他类型的配施处理有较明显优势,并能提高水稻产量和改善品质.与施纯化肥...     

Diallel analysis of sugar composition of 10 vegetable soybean lines

Few studies have evaluated vegetable soybean for sugar content at the green pod stage. Information on combining ability and type of gene action that governs inheritance of seed traits can help breeders to select suitable parents and devise an appropriate breeding strategy. Ten vegetable soybean accessions were crossed in a complete diallel mating design. Parent lines and F₂ and F₃ progenies were evaluated for two nutritional components. In this study, both general and specific combining ability and reciprocal effects were significant for sucrose and total sugar. Cultivars 'Kanrich', 'Pella', 'Verde' and V81-1603 had good general combining ability for high sucrose. In general, high sucrose content was observed in progeny of the early maturity group genotypes 'Kanrich', 'Pella' and 'Verde'. The best combiners for high total sugar content were 'Verde', V81-1603 and PI 399055. These genotypes could serve as genetic sources in a vegetable soybean breeding programme.     

7个月季品种花粉活力的测定

采用悬滴液发芽法测定花粉活力,研究不同蔗糖浓度、贮藏温度对7个月季品种花粉活力的影响,为月季资源评价及育种利用提供参考依据.结果表明:月季花粉在含有蔗糖15％、20％、25％的培养基中发芽能力不同,以15％蔗糖浓度下活力最高,7个品种活力为32.4％～47.1％,20％～25％蔗糖浓度下很少发芽或不发芽.常温下月季品种花粉活力从高到低依次为赤阳、桑格尔总统、荣光、粉和平、黄和平、天堂、绯扇,其中赤阳、桑格尔总统、荣光活力较强,散粉后1d花粉活力分别为47.1％、45.5％、40.2％.常温存放4d,7个品种的花粉活力分别降为7.2％、8.0％、8.2％、5.3％、5.0％、7.1％、7.0％,5d后花粉完全失活.采用0～5℃恒温冰箱冷藏的花粉活力可以保持10 d.     

Effects of long‐term elevation of air temperature on sucrose metabolism in cotton leaves at different positions

Global warming could possibly increase the air temperature by 1.8–4.0°C in the coming decade. To forecast the effects of long‐term elevation of air temperature on sucrose synthesis in cotton leaves at different positions, field experiments with the treatments of ambient temperature (control) and elevated temperature (2–3°C) across cotton's boll forming stage were conducted in 2011 and 2012. Results showed that sucrose content in the fourth main‐stem leaves from the terminal (FMLT) during 10–17 days after treatment (DAT) and in the leaves subtending the cotton boll (LSCB) during 17–45 days post‐anthesis (DPA) was lower in the increased temperature treatment than control treatment, but starch content was higher, resulting in higher specific leaf weight (SLW). Lower sucrose content might be attributed to low ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase‐oxygenase (Rubisco) and cytosolic fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase (cy‐FBPase) activities under elevated temperature for all tested leaves. Comparison of different fruiting branch (FB) positions, sucrose transformation rate just decreased in LSCB growing on FB_2–3 and FB_6–7. Compared with FB_10–11, the leaves at FB_2–3 and FB_6–7 were more sensitive to the increased temperature, showing as that the changing amplitudes of SLW, sucrose content, starch content, initial Rubisco activity and cy‐FBPase activity were greater. Regarding different types of cotton leaves, the effects of elevated temperature on sucrose content, starch content and initial Rubisco activity in FMLT were obvious at the early stage (10–17 DAT), but were not obvious at the late stage. However, the effects were consistent in LSCB from 17 to 45 DPA. In addition, long‐term elevated temperature had smaller impacts on above indices in FMLT than LSCB. Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose synthase (SuSy) activities were decreased by elevated temperature in FMLT at the early stage, but were increased in LSCB, suggesting that SPS and SuSy were the key enzymes between FMLT and LSCB in response to elevated temperature.     

Development of Cold Tolerance in White Clover (Trifolium repens L.) in Relation to Carbohydrate and Free Amino Acid Content

Abstract

Development of cold tolerance in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) genotypes originating from various parts of Norway and grown outdoors at Tromso, latitude 69°39′N, has been studied. Stolon samples for an artificial freezing test and for chemical analysis were collected three times during the autumn. Generally, the most northern genotypes were more cold tolerant than the southern ones. Cold tolerance increased significantly from September to November in all genotypes. Content of dry matter, soluble carbohydrates, sucrose and proline in stolons increased during the hardening process. These changes were similar in both northern and southern genotypes of white clover.     

杉木幼苗叶片蔗糖和淀粉含量的昼夜变化

杉木幼苗叶片蔗糖和淀粉含量的昼夜变化＊苏梦云周国璋金正法关键词杉木、蔗糖、淀粉、昼夜变化杉木（Ｃｕｎｎｉｎｇｈａｍｉａｌａｎｃｅｏｌａｔａ（Ｌａｍｂ．）Ｈｏｏｋ．）是我国南方重要造林树种，不同无性系间的生长存在明显差异。从光合作用方面探讨杉木速生生理...     

Comparison of methods for protein extraction from pine needles

Extraction of proteins from pine needles for proteomic analysis has long been a challenge for scientists. We compared three different protein extraction methods including sucrose, Tris-HCl and trichloroacetic acid （TCA）/acetone （TCA method） to determine their efficiency in separating pine needle proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE） and two-dimensional PAGE （2D-PAGE）. Proteins were then separated by SDS-PAGE. Among three methods the method using sucrose extraction buffer showed the highest efficiency and highest quality in separating proteins. In addition, clearer and more stable strips were detected by SDS-PAGE using sucrose extraction buffer. When the proteins extracted using sucrose extraction buffer were separated by 2D-PAGE, more than 300 protein spots, with isoelectric points （PI） ranging from 4.0 to 7,0 and molecular weights （MW） from 6.5 to 97.4 kD, were observed. This confirmed that the method with sucrose extraction buffer was an efficient and reliable method for extracting proteins from pine needles.