猪精子质量的流式细胞检测分析

本试验将流式细胞术应用于猪精子分析,同时检测精子功能的多个特性,以保证精子具备多种特性且功能完整,顺利完成授精过程。分别采用SYBR-14/PI（Propidium Iodide）、YO-PRO-1/PI、PNA/PI及Mito Tracker/YO-PRO-1 4种染色方法对荣昌猪精子的质膜完整性、细胞凋亡、顶体完整性及线粒体功能进行了检测和分析;以SYBR-14⁺/PI^-表示质膜完整的活精子,YO-PRO-1^-/PI^-表示活精子,PNA^-/PI^-表示未发生顶体反应的活精子,Mito Tracker⁺/YO-PRO-1^-表示线粒体活性高的活精子,以上述检测指标的综合结果判定精子功能的完整性。本试验通过流式细胞术对荣昌猪精子进行质量检测和分析,结果表明,该方法可为临床诊断种猪不孕症提供理论依据,对有效治疗不孕症有重要意义。     

An insight into population structure and gene flow within pure‐bred cats

Investigation of genetic structure on the basis of pedigree information requires indicators adapted to the specific context of the populations studied. On the basis of pedigree‐based estimates of diversity, we analysed genetic diversity, mating practices and gene flow among eight cat populations raised in France, five of them being single breeds and three consisting of breed groups with varieties that may interbreed. When computed on the basis of coancestry rate, effective population sizes ranged from 127 to 1406, while the contribution of founders from other breeds ranged from 0.7 to 16.4%. In the five breeds, F_IS ranged between 0.96 and 1.83%, with this result being related to mating practices such as close inbreeding (on average 5% of individuals being inbred within two generations). Within the three groups of varieties studied, F_IT ranged from 1.59 to 3%, while values were estimated between 0.04 and 0.91%, which was linked to various amounts of gene exchanges between subpopulations at the parental level. The results indicate that cat breeds constitute populations submitted to low selection intensity, contrasting with relatively high individual inbreeding level caused by close inbreeding practices.     

DETECTION OF PORTAL BLOOD FLOW USING PER-RECTAL 99mTc-PERTECHNETATE SCINTIGRAPHY IN NORMAL CATS

This study reports data obtained from per-rectal ^99mTc-pertechnetate portal scintigraphy in normal cats. It examines the effects of chemical restraint and the methods employed in defining regions of interest (ROIs) on the shunt index derived from this data. Six normal cats were used for the study; all six were chemically restrained for imaging using propofol and later four of them were manually restrained for comparison. Portal blood flow was studied and the mean shunt index was found to be 5.9%± 3.9 when ROIs were operator defined and 9.2%± 4.4 when ROIs were defined using an isocontour program. In cats that were restrained using propofol and operator defined ROIs, the mean value for the time between detection of radioactivity in the liver and in the heart was 14 ± 1 seconds.     

Bilirubin excretion and bile flow in fed and fasted Brazilian squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)

Fasted Brazilian squirrel monkeys (BrSMs) exhibited slightly higher serum bilirubin levels (0.30±0.05 mg/dl) than others in the fed state (0.13±0.01). The mean liver weight was 50% lower following a 22 h fast. The rate of bile flow was unaffected by fasting and averaged 13.8 l/min/kg and 47.5 l/min/100g liver in six BrSMs. No significant difference in mean bilirubin excretion/min was observed on a body weight basis following fasting. When the mean rate of bilirubin excretion was calculated as a function of liver weight, a two-fold higher rate was present in fasted monkeys, but only at the p=0.06 level of statistical significance. From data collected in this and earlier studies, it would appear that BrSMs represent the best animals studied to date to serve as experimental controls in comparative studies with Bovilian squirrel monkeys which exhibit a Gilbert-like syndrome.     

EFFECTS OF ACEPROMAZINE ON THREE-PHASE 99mTc-MDP BONE IMAGING IN 11 HORSES

Horses undergoing skeletal scintigraphy can have decreased radiopharmaceutical bone uptake in the limbs. This reduces the diagnostic value of the scan. The aim of the present study was to measure the changes in count density caused by vasodilatation and increased blood flow associated with intravenous injection of acepromazine during bone scintigraphy in normal horses. A three-phase bone scan was performed twice in 11 adult horses to study the effects of acepromazine on the count density of the resultant scintigrams. With acepromazine, there was a statistically significant mean difference of 12 s for initial blood flow and 21 s for peak flow. The time to initial blood flow and time to peak flow occurred earlier for the scans in which acepromazine was used. There were no significant differences in the bone to soft tissue ratios during the soft tissue and bone phases of the scan between procedures. Intravenous administration of acepromazine increases peripheral blood flow causing an earlier onset of the vascular phase during the three-phase bone scan. Acepromazine did not increase the count density of the bone phase scintigrams. As expected, the vasodilatation and increased blood flow associated with intravenous injection of acepromazine affected the count density of the vascular phase of the bone scan.     

Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus in 11 dogs and one cat after incomplete or aborted surgical ligation

ObjectiveTo describe the characteristics and outcomes of transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occlusion after incomplete or aborted surgical ligation in dogs and cats.AnimalsTwelve client-owned animals (11 dogs and one cat).Materials and methodsThis retrospective study describes data from animals with aborted or incomplete surgical PDA ligation that subsequently underwent transcatheter closure using endovascular methods. Patient demographics, reason for incomplete or aborted surgery, complications, and method of transcatheter occlusion were recorded. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range), where appropriate.ResultsFor all cases, median age at surgery was 12.2 months (4.9–15.1 months) and at catheterization was 15.4 months (8.9–21.9 months), with 79 days (29–209 days) between surgical and interventional procedures. Median weight at catheterization was 4.5 kg (2.5–12.6 kg). Reasons for failed surgical ligation included hemorrhage during ductal dissection in seven dogs, residual flow in four dogs, and inability to identify the ductus in one cat. Transcatheter closure was successfully performed using a canine duct occluder in eight dogs, transarterial coil embolization in two dogs, and transvenous coil embolization in one dog and one cat. Metallic hemoclips partially obscured angiographic findings in three cases with prior surgical hemorrhage but did not prevent transcatheter closure. In all cases, ductal flow was successfully attenuated, with no or trace residual shunting on angiography and complete occlusion the following day on echocardiography.ConclusionsWhen surgery is unsuccessful, either owing to hemorrhage or residual flow, transcatheter closure of PDA is feasible, even in small patients.     

旋壳转速对腔内液体流动特性的效应

为研究旋壳转速对腔内液体流动特性的影响,以试验旋喷泵为研究对象,在高度验证叶轮与旋壳同步旋转试验与模拟结果准确性的基础上,对叶轮转速相同、旋壳转速不同的5个模型采用RNG k-ε湍流模型进行数值计算,分析腔内液体流动特性的变化情况,研究泵的性能.结果表明:旋壳转速增大,液体圆周速度和旋转系数均增大,圆周速度曲线沿径向逐渐形成同心圆,腔内液体做非刚性旋转.腔内液体径向压力梯度增大,压力低于624 kPa时,旋壳转速越高,压力越小;压力高于624 kPa时,旋壳转速越高,压力越大.集流管迎流区涡分布在进口附近,尾迹区涡集中在扩散段结尾处,整体呈增大趋势.旋壳转速增大,泵的扬程升高,但效率降低,通过改变集流管进口直径发现集流管并非效率降低的主要原因,而是由圆盘摩擦损失的增大导致的,圆盘摩擦损失随旋壳转速增加呈3次幂函数式增大,文中最优进口直径为13 mm.     

Effect of prostaglandin F2alpha on ovarian, adrenal, and pituitary hormones and on luteal blood flow in mares

The effect of a single injection of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF) during mid-diestrus on systemic concentrations of progesterone, LH, FSH, estradiol, and cortisol and on blood flow to the corpus luteum was studied in 10 controls and 10 PGF-treated mares. Blood flow was assessed by estimating the percentage of corpus luteum with color-Doppler signals of blood flow during real-time scanning of the entire structure and by the diameter of the vascular pedicle near its attachment to the ovary. Treatment was done 8 days after ovulation and 0 h was immediately before the treatment. Examinations and collection of blood samples were done at 0 h, every 5 min until 1h, and then at 1.5, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. The concentrations of estradiol did not change, but progesterone, LH, FSH, and cortisol increased significantly within 5 min. Concentrations of LH and FSH in the PGF group remained elevated until a temporarily lower concentration at 8 or 4h, respectively, rebounded to 12h, and then slowly decreased. Cortisol remained elevated, until a decrease between 1 and 4h. Progesterone in the PGF group increased significantly until 10 min after 0 h and then decreased by 40 min to below the concentrations in controls. Within the PGF group, progesterone decreased significantly by 45 min to below the concentrations at 0 h. The values for each of the two indicators of blood flow did not differ significantly between the PGF and control groups until a decrease at 24h in the PGF group. Results did not support the hypothesis that the immediate transient post-PGF increase in progesterone was associated with an increase in luteal blood flow. Luteolysis, as indicated by decreasing progesterone, began well before the beginning of a decrease in luteal blood flow.     

Feed processing and structural components affect starch digestion dynamics in broiler chickens

1. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used to test the hypothesis that impaired intestinal starch digestibility is attributable to rapid passage of digesta from the gizzard to the intestine, and that, compared to steam pelleting, increasing the availability of starch through extrusion cooking may alleviate the potential negative effect of rapid digesta flow on starch utilisation.

2. Thus, 7-d-old-broiler chickens were distributed to 48 cages and given a wheat-based (WB) pelleted diet containing either coarse oat hulls (OH-Pel) or fine cellulose (Cel-Pel) until d 19 to stimulate divergent development of the gizzard. Thereafter, both groups were further subdivided and challenged with a WB diet containing cellulose in either pelleted (Cel-Pel) or extruded (Cel-Ext) form on d 20 and 22. Either excreta or intestinal contents were collected at time intervals after feeding and analysed for marker and starch.

3. OH-Pel increased gizzard size and holding capacity. No excessively high starch levels (maximum 25 g/kg) were detected in the excreta. However, 8 h feed-deprived birds given Cel-Pel and challenged with Cel-Pel exhibited higher starch excretion and showed large individual variation during the first 135 min of collection.

4. Contrary to the OH-Pel group, more digesta and starch passed to the jejunum at 1 and 2 h and ileum at 2 and 3 h after feeding for birds given Cel-Pel, resulting in lower jejunal and ileal starch digestibility.

5. Increased starch gelatinisation through extrusion processing significantly improved starch digestibility regardless of gizzard function. However, at 1, 2 and 3 h after feeding, more digesta was retained in the foregut of birds given Cel-Ext.

6. The current data showed that starch degradation rate is associated with the flow of digesta which is linked to gizzard development, and that enzymatic hydrolysis of intact starch granules may be limited with more rapid feed passage through the gut.     

库姆塔格沙漠东南部胡杨液流变化及其对环境因子的响应

于2018年4月-10月(春季4月、夏季7月、秋季9月)利用PS-TDP8树木茎流监测系统对库姆塔格沙漠东南部胡杨(Populus euphratica)的液流速率变化进行监测,采用相关分析及逐步回归法分析气象因子(太阳总辐射、空气温度、风速、空气相对湿度)对胡杨液流的影响.结果表明:胡杨茎干液流日变化趋势呈几字"宽峰...