施用不同浓度的开片降碱灵对烤烟产质量的影响

研究了不同浓度的开片降碱灵对烤烟产质量的影响。结果表明,3种喷施浓度(3006、00和900倍)均能促进烤烟上部叶开片,提高烟叶产量和等级,降低上部叶烟碱含量。综合分析,以稀释900倍效果最好。     

不同基质和生长调节剂对乡土植物扦插生根的影响*

在温室条件下,采用不同质量浓度ABT2号生根粉对蔓花生(Arachis duranensis)、碰碰香(Plectranthus tomentosa)和四季秋海棠(Begonia semperflorens)进行扦插试验,结果表明:质量浓度为100 mg/L的ABT2号生根粉溶液可以提高蔓花生的成活率;碰碰香在ABT2号生根粉为300 mg/L时比较容易生根;不同质量浓度ABT2号生根粉对四季秋海棠的生根没有显著影响,说明四季秋海棠比较容易生根.采用3种基质对天胡荽(Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides)、锦绣苋(Alternanthera bettzickiana)和铺地锦竹草(Callisia repens)进行扦插生根研究发现:天胡荽在田园土基质和泥炭土+珍珠岩基质中均有较好的生根效果;锦绣苋和铺地锦竹草均在泥炭土+珍珠岩基质中的生根效果最好.     

太湖污染物限制排污总量曲线研究

以《太湖流域水环境综合治理总体方案》提出的太湖2012年水质保护目标为基础,结合太湖分湖区实测水质浓度,确定太湖各湖区水质保护目标;提出太湖污染物限制排污总量曲线的概念,采用太湖二维水量水质模型,计算不同入湖水量条件下满足太湖2012年水质保护目标时的太湖污染物限制排污总量,结合入湖水量特征拟定太湖污染物限制排污总量曲线,并以实际入湖污染负荷量和太湖实测水质对太湖污染物限制排污总量曲线进行了检验,为严格限制纳污红线管理提供依据.     

Sperm motility and seminal plasma characteristics in Barbus sharpeyi (Günther, 1874)

Spermatozoa concentration, ionic composition, osmolality, glucose and total protein contents of seminal plasma and sperm motility were determined in Barbus sharpeyi (Cyprinidae, Teleosotei). Spermatozoa concentration ranged from 9.77 to 20.20 × 10⁹ spermatozoa mL^?1. Osmolality (mOsmol kg^?1) and ionic contents (mM L^?1) of the seminal plasma were 274.5±9.0, 70.0±3.4 Na⁺, 28.8±0.9 K⁺, 101.7±3.1 Cl^?, 0.9±0.1 Mg²⁺ and 2.1±0.1 Ca²⁺ respectively. Total protein and glucose were 5.3±0.2 g L^?1 and 76.7±4.3 mM L^?1 respectively. Sperm motility was initiated in a hypo‐osmotic condition, composed of either an ionic (KCl or NaCl) or a non‐ionic (sucrose) activation medium. Duration of sperm motility was very short: <2 min after activation in distilled water. Percentage of motile spermatozoa was significantly higher in an activation medium containing NaCl compared with that of distilled water. An activating medium containing NaCl or KCl higher than 150 mM or sucrose higher than 275 mM totally inhibited the activation of sperm motility. Immediately after sperm activation, wave(s) propagated along the flagellum, but waves were restricted to the proximal part of the flagellum (close to the head) at 1 min post activation. Studied characteristics in the present study were compared with those of other cyprinids for understanding inter‐species differences.     

河蟹溞状幼体培育期使用孔雀石绿杀灭聚缩虫的试验

孔雀石绿对河蟹(氵蚤)状幼体的48小时半数致死浓度Ⅰ期幼体为1.89ppm,V期幼体为7.45ppm。在河蟹工厂化育苗中如果发生聚缩虫感染,可采用孔雀石绿1ppm浓度全池泼洒、10～12小时内排出药液水、技入新水的方法杀灭聚缩虫,不会影响河蟹(氵蚤)状幼体的变态发育。     

SOURCES OF SULFUR FOR DRY MATTER,SEED YIELD,AND OIL CONCENTRATION OF CANOLA GROWN IN SULFUR DEFICIENT SOILS OF SOUTH-WESTERN AUSTRALIA

Leaching of sulfur (S) on sandy soils may limit the effectiveness of S fertilizers especially when applied at sowing. The effectiveness of S sources for canola (oil seed rape, Brassica napus L.) grown in sandy low S soils of south-western Australia is not known. This study was completed to determine the relative effectiveness of gypsum and a gypsum-based by-product from synthetic rutile processing called Canola Blue for canola grown in low S soils of the region. Canola Blue is a mixture of gypsum and elemental S, and is granulated so its effectiveness may vary from gypsum. We measured the effectiveness of the two S sources in the glasshouse for young seedling growth and for minimizing S leaching. In the four field experiments, the two S sources were evaluated for relative effects on canola seed yield and the concentration of oil in seed. Canola Blue applied at sowing was as effective as gypsum for canola growth in the glasshouse and when applied at 35 days after sowing (DAS) was as effective as gypsum for seed yield in the field. For the glasshouse study, Canola Blue when applied to the soil surface (topdressed) at 35 DAS was as effective as gypsum in achieving a rapid recovery of leaves from S deficiency symptoms and of shoot growth. Where S deficiency appears during the growing season, topdressing with Canola Blue appears to be as effective under the conditions of this experiment as was gypsum. However, the S in Canola Blue was less prone to leaching than that applied as gypsum.     

CO2浓度升高和磷素亏缺对黑麦草气孔特征及气体交换参数的影响

为深入理解未来大气CO2浓度升高背景下草地生态系统结构与功能响应土壤磷亏缺的潜在机理,该研究利用可精准控制CO2浓度的大型人工气候室,探讨了正常CO2浓度400 μmol/mol、升高CO2浓度800 μmol/mol和磷素供应水平（0.004、0.012、0.02、0.06、0.1和0.5 mmol/L）对黑麦草气孔特征及其气体交换过程的影响。结果表明,CO2浓度升高使供磷水平0.1和0.5 mmol/L的气孔密度增加约35%（P=0.012）和25%（P<0.001）,但却减小气孔开度13%（P=0.002）和12%（P=0.005）,且导致供磷水平为0.06 mmol/L的黑麦草气孔分布更加规则。同时,CO2浓度升高还导致供磷水平0.1和0.5 mmol/L的净光合速率显著增加8.6%（P=0.002）和15.8%（P<0.001）,从而提高黑麦草的水分利用效率。另外,不同供磷水平明显改变了植株生物量及其分配,且高浓度CO2对较高磷水平时地上生长产生更强的施肥效应。研究结果将为深入理解草地生态系统对大气CO2浓度升高和土壤磷素亏缺的响应机理提供理论依据和数据支撑。     

Use of GIS to predict effects of water level on the spawning area for smelt, Retropinna retropinna, in Lake Taupo, New Zealand

A GIS model of the littoral bathymetry and substrate composition of Lake Taupo was created using ArcInfo. Littoral substrates were mapped by aerial photography and confirmed by ground-truthing. Water depths were determined by echosounding linked to a differential GPS. These data were imported into ArcInfo where a 3D GIS model was used to calculate the total area of smelt, Retropinna retropinna Richardson, spawning habitat (i.e. clean sand between depths of 0.5–2.5 m) at each of five lake levels. There was little change in area over the first 50 cm below the natural maximum lake level, but spawning habitat decreased rapidly over the next 1.4 m such that a 30% reduction occurred at the natural minimum level. Anecdotal information on inter-annual variations in lake level and smelt abundance supported the notion that high lake levels in spring result in high recruitment of smelt. The GIS model also predicted effects of lake level change on areas of macrophyte cover and on other littoral substrates, and could be used to assess effects of lake level changes on the habitats of other biota.     

栉孔扇贝对铜、铅、镉的累积效应

试验结果表明:当常规理化指标一致时,随着Cu、Pb、Cd质量浓度的升高,栉孔扇贝各组织的蓄积量明显升高;Cu、Cd在扇贝组织中蓄积量是内脏团>鳃>肌肉,Pb在扇贝组织中的蓄积量是鳃>内脏团>肌肉;当Cu、Pb、Cd质量浓度(0.1 mg/L)相同时,其鳃、内脏团、肌肉中重金属蓄积量的上升速率是Cu>Cd>Pb。     

聚维酮碘对海湾扇贝等贝类幼虫的毒性试验研究

测定了聚维酮碘(PVP—I)对虾夷扇贝、海湾扇贝、牡蛎的壳预期幼虫以及牡蛎的眼点期幼虫的24h半致死浓度分别为：32．5mg／L，31．7mg／L，44．4mg／L；安全浓度分别为：3．25mg／L，3．17mg／L，4．48mg／L，4．44mg／L。