不同栽培介质中铅、镉在茭白产品中残留的差异

[目的]为茭白的卫生安全生产提供参考依据。[方法]以单季茭品种"蒋墅茭"和双季茭品种"葑红早"为试材,以苇末和土壤为栽培基质进行不同浓度Cd2+、Pb2+胁迫处理,测定不同采收标准的产品器官中Cd2+、Pb2+残留量的变化。[结果]茭白产品器官对Cd2+、Pb2+的最高生物富集系数分别为0.340%和0.044%。过老发绿的肉质茎中,Cd2+、Pb2+的残留量最高,中等大小的肉质茎中残留量最低,且随重金属胁迫浓度的增加而显著增加。苇末基质栽培的茭白肉质茎中Cd2+、Pb2+的残留量均显著低于土壤栽培的。"葑红早"产品器官中Cd2+的残留量高于"蒋墅茭",Pb2+的残留量则相反。[结论]苇末栽培基质有利于降低重金属离子在茭白产品中的残留量。     

施用废菌棒对甘蔗菌根、根际微生物和土壤肥力的影响

蔗田施用废菌棒(以蔗渣为培养料种植香菇后的废弃菌棒)后,根系皮层细胞中菌丝、泡囊、丛枝增多.根系皮层及中柱的改变也表现在新根的发生点大量出现.田间观察到甘蔗在生长中后期,新根明显增多.7月份甘蔗根际土壤的固氮菌、有机磷分解细菌、细菌总数比对照的增加6.0-29.4倍.它们的活动可为拔节旺长的甘蔗提供更多养分.10-12月份,纤维分解细菌、有机磷分解菌、固氮菌相应较多,土壤酶活性、土壤有效养分(N、P、K)均显著多于对照,这些微生物类群与甘蔗后期生长及糖的合成、运输关系较密切.     

Production of chitinolytic enzymes with Trichoderma longibrachiatum IMI 92027 in solid substrate fermentation

Thirty Trichoderma strains representing 15 species within the genus have been screened for extracellular production of chitinolytic enzymes in solid substrate fermentation (SSF). T.longibrachiatum IMI 92027 (=ATCC 36838) gave the highest yield (5.0 IU/g dry matter of substrate) after 3 days of fermentation on wheat bran-crude chitin (9:1 mixture) medium. The optimum moisture content (66.7%), chitin content (20%), initial pH of the medium (2-5) and time course (5 d) of SSF were determ…     

Production of chitinases with Trichoderma harzianun isolates using solid substrate fermentation

Over forty Trichoderma harzianum isolates have been screened in solid substrate fermentation (SSF)for chitinase production. Strains were isolated from Asian soil and tree bark samples. Identification was performed in Canada and Austria by classical and molecular taxonomical methods.……     

播种基质与催芽方法对迎红杜鹃出苗率的影响试验

以迎红杜鹃种子为材料,采用双因素4次重复随机排列试验设计进行了不同播种基质和不同催芽方法对播种出苗率的影响试验.结果表明,不同基质与不同催芽方法以及二者的交互作用对迎红杜鹃播种出苗率均有显著影响.其中,以播种基质为腐殖土与沙混合,比例为2∶1,上面再铺一层1 cm厚粉碎的旱苔藓,催芽方法为播种前10d混湿沙,种沙比为1∶6,置于温室或小拱棚内摊开,每天翻动2次并适时喷水这个组合出苗率最高.     

有机栽培基质的研究现状与展望

对有机栽培基质的材料、基质的养分配方,不同基质配方对作物育苗、生长发育及作物产量品质的影响、基质的消毒等研究现状进行了概述。提出了有机栽培基质存在着关键技术不达标、易二次污染和缺少专用栽培基质等问题,展望了有机基质栽培的发展趋势。     

应用滇池淤泥作为基质种植一串红的研究

通过盆栽试验,以土壤作对照,研究滇池淤泥和蛭石不同体积配比对一串红生长和开花的影响。结果表明:不同处理在促进一串红株高、株冠、花串生长和花期等方面差异较明显,使用纯滇池淤泥种植一串红的长势和开花状况最佳,其它不同淤泥与蛭石配比种植一串红的生长和开花状况都要比单独用淤泥种植的效果差。其长势和开花状况分别为淤泥∶蛭石=4∶0>淤泥∶蛭石=2∶1>淤泥∶蛭石=1∶1>淤泥∶蛭石=1∶3>土壤,单独用土壤种植的一串红其生长和开花状况比其它所有处理差。因此,可以直接应用滇池淤泥种植一串红等花卉。     

不同基质配方对辣椒穴盘育苗质量的影响

在温室条件下,以泥炭土和珍珠岩为主要原料,按照不同的比例配合,对不同基质配方对辣椒幼苗生长发育的影响进行了研究。结果表明:辣椒幼苗在珍珠岩含量为25%的复合基质(泥炭土:珍珠岩=3:1)中表现最好,幼苗生长简单指标和复合指标均高于用其它3种配方;珍珠岩含量为50%的复合基质(泥炭土:珍珠岩=1:1)对辣椒幼苗生长有明显的抑制作用;综合分析表明,泥炭土与珍珠岩按照3:1配比作为辣椒穴盘育苗基质效果最佳。     

固定化纤维素酶催化反应动力学模型研究

建立固定化纤维素酶反应动力学模型，在此基础上系统研究了席勒模数、产物竞争性抑制、体系宏观底物浓度等因素对球形载体内部底物分布的影响，并讨论了各因素对固定化纤维素酶效率因子的影响。结果表明席勒模数增大使载体内底物浓度降低，效率因子减小；产物竞争性抑制增大使载体内底物浓度升高，对效率因子的影响与席勒模数和体系宏观底物浓度有关，共存的产物竞争性抑制和内扩散限制之间存在相互减弱对方影响的效应；体系宏观底物浓度增大使载体内底物浓度升高，效率因子增大，可以减弱席勒模数与产物竞争性抑制的影响。     

Combined microbial community level and single species biosensor responses to monitor recovery of oil polluted soil

Understanding the effects of oil contamination on the composition and function of soil microbiota entails investigation of the effects of a mixture of hydrocarbons at the community level in a complex environmental matrix. One approach to this difficult problem is to ally a community-level fingerprinting approach with bioassays that have a physiological or functional implication. Two contrasting refined oils (paraffin and motor oil) were used to contaminate soil microcosms, and a simulated bioremediation treatment with nutrient-addition was applied. The indigenous microorganisms were monitored over 103 d using complementary community-level techniques (carbon source physiological profiling using Biolog^® microplates, and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiling). Changes in the toxicity of the applied oils were monitored using luminescent bacterial bioassays, including Vibrio fischeri and a hydrocarbon-degrading Pseudomonas putida strain. Distinct shifts in microbial community structure and C source utilization profiles were observed as a result of oil contamination. There was some evidence that bioremediated soils were returning to control values by the end of the experiment. This was supported by the bioassay results which showed an initial increase in toxicity as a result of the oil addition which had then decreased by the conclusion of the experiment. The two oils exhibited markedly different toxicity towards the bioassay organisms, with species-specific differences in response. This oil-specific difference was also found in the PLFA profiles which showed the two oil types selected different microbial communities.