蛹虫草人工栽培条件优化研究

蛹虫草是一种珍贵的药食同源大型真菌．其市场需求日益增加。为加强蛹虫草的人工栽培．从料水比、菌种浓度、接种量和暗培养时间等4个因素进行正交试验．发现接种量（15、20、25mL／瓶）和菌种浓度（6、11、15个／mL）起着重要的作用，而料水比（1：1、1：1．2、1：1．5）和暗培养时间（2、3、4d）作用较小，并优化出高产培养条件．即料水比1：1．5、菌种浓度15个／mL．接种量25mL／瓶和暗培养时间为3d。在此优化条件下．每20g大米能生产出高达17．96g鲜子实体。     

Vermicompost as a substitute for peat in potting media: Effects on germination,biomass allocation,yields and fruit quality of three tomato varieties

Commercial potting media often contain substantial amounts of peat that was mined from endangered bog and fen ecosystems. The main objectives of this study were to assess (1) whether the amendment of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% (v/v) of vermicompost (VC) to a fertilized commercial peat potting substrate has effects on the emergence, growth and biomass allocation of tomato seedlings (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under greenhouse conditions, (2) whether possible impacts on seedlings can affect tomato yields and fruit quality even when transplanted into equally fertilized field soil, and (3) whether effects are consistent among different tomato varieties. Amended VC was produced in a windrow system of food and cotton waste mainly by earthworms Eisenia fetida Sav. Vermicompost amendments significantly influenced, specifically for each tomato variety, emergence and elongation of seedlings. Biomass allocation (root:shoot ratio) was affected by VC amendments for two varieties in seedling stage and one field-grown tomato variety. Marketable and total yields of field tomatoes were not affected by VC amendments used for seedling husbandry. However, morphological (circumference, dry matter content, peel firmness) and chemical fruit parameters (contents of C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, l-ascorbic acid, glucose, fructose) were significantly affected by VC amendments in seedling substrates; these effects again were specific for each tomato variety. Overall, vermicompost could be an environmentally friendly substitute for peat in potting media with similar or beneficial effects on seedling performance and fruit quality. However, at least for tomatoes, variety-specific responses should be considered when giving recommendations on the optimum proportion of vermicompost amendment to horticultural potting substrate.     

Competition for food between Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) and ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus [L.]) over different substrate types

Abstract –  Food consumption by Eurasian perch ( Perca fluviatilis L.) and ruffe ( Gymnocephalus cernuus [L.]) was studied in single and mixed-species treatments in the laboratory, where alternative food resources, chironomids and zooplankton, were offered simultaneously. The effects of structural complexity, which was represented by substrate grain size, and of feeding level on food consumption were analysed. Across all experiments, the outcome of competition between perch and ruffe depended on food abundance and on the structural complexity of the environment. Perch and ruffe both changed their food consumption in the presence of a heterospecific competitor. With high food supply, perch consumed more benthic food than ruffe. With low food supply, the consumption of perch decreased strongly, while that of ruffe remained high on fine sediment. Under all conditions tested, the mechanism of competition appeared to be of interference rather than of exploitative nature. It is suggested that with decreasing lake productivity caused by re-oligotrophication, habitat shifts of both species will occur, which will alleviate interspecific competition. Ruffe will forage over fine sediment and perch over coarse sediment, whereby both species will achieve the highest foraging efficiency under conditions of low food supply.     

香菇烂筒病及其病因研究初报

本文报道了香菇烂筒病的发生情况、症状及病原体的鉴定。笔者在福建省不同地方调查了早、中、晚期发病且症状明显的菇筒,分离、培养、鉴定了病原,并作回接发病试验,证实土壤中的木霉(Trichoderma spp.)是引起烂筒病的重要病原。     

羽叶决明代木栽培鸡腿菇的物质转化

研究羽叶决明(Chamaecrasta nictitans)代木栽培鸡腿菇(Coprinus ovatus)对其绝对生物学效率、基物失重、呼吸消耗及木质纤维素转化的影响.结果表明,羽叶决明牧草替代60%木屑(A60)栽培鸡腿菇的绝对生物学效率最高,均为10.77%.覆土前和采收后的基物失重和呼吸消耗都以A0(CK)为最高,分别为11.47%、11.47%和31.75%、25.55%,其木质素转化率也最高,为79.21%;纤维素转化率以A100(羽叶决明牧草替代100%木屑)为最高,达50.93%;半纤维素转化率以A40(羽叶决明牧草替代40%木屑)为最高,为49.74%.回归分析结果表明,绝对生物学效率和半纤维素转化率与替代比例呈抛物线相关,而基物失重、呼吸消耗及木质素、纤维素转化率与替代比例呈线性相关.     

乳源木莲管形容器育苗技术研究

通过对乳源木莲进行不同基质配比、容器规格、营养液施肥、苗高生长节律等管形容器育苗试验,结果表明,培育乳源木莲管形容器苗的理想基质材料应以泥炭、鸡粪泥炭、蛭石、珍珠岩等轻型基质为主,容器规格大小与培育期限和苗龄是密切相关的,采用N、P、K配比3:2:1、1:1:1两种配方营养液配方施肥可促进苗木生长发育和根系成团,提高苗木综合质量;乳源木莲管形容器苗的年高生长进程呈现慢—快—慢的“S”形节律,存在着明显的速生期,在该期内的苗高生长量最大。     

赤枝栲干物质生产及氮磷营养动态研究

通过对1年生赤枝栲干物质的生产及氮磷营养动态研究,结果表明:不同的生长季节1年生赤枝栲苗木的各器官生长速率有很大差异,5~7月份根、叶生长迅速,以后迅速下降,8~10月份茎、侧根生长迅速;5~7月份大多数的光合产物用于形成根与叶,少量用于充实茎与侧根的生长;净同化率出现在5~7月份,与根系的生长呈显著的正相关;不同器官在其年生长周期中,氮、磷营养动态表现不同,养分吸收与赤枝栲生长发育规律相吻合。     

北美兰云杉全光喷雾下扦插影响因子研究

试验通过采用5因素4水平正交试验法,选出了适合北美兰云杉嫩枝扦插的最佳处理组合:草炭 珍珠岩基质 100 mg/L自配生根剂 2 a母树穗条。通过方差分析发现穗条母树年龄、基质种类对扦插生根率有显著影响,其中穗条母树年龄为2 a时,平均生根率达到了77.5%。基质种类对生根的影响是通过基质质地、通透性、保水力、地温、肥力等多因素共同作用的。综合看,草炭 珍珠岩基质是北美兰云杉扦插最为理想的基质,河沙基质最差。     

巨尾桉扦插育苗技术研究

采用不同母株年龄的穗条、不同类型的插条、不同基质配比及不同浓度生根剂进行巨尾桉扦插育苗试验。结果表明:巨尾桉插条随母株年龄增大其生根率和生长量下降;嫩枝扦插生根率高、平均根数多、生长快;用珍珠岩和红土等量均匀混合的基质扦插效果好;用质量分数为50×10-6~200×10-6浓度的IBA浸泡2 h,能较大幅度提高扦插成活率。     

Effect of water extract from spent mushroom substrate after Ganoderma balabacense cultivation by using JUNCAO technique on production performance and hematology parameters of dairy cows

The spent mushroom substrate of Ganoderma balabacense cultivation (SMSGB) contains a large amount of bioactive substances. However, the potentials of SMSGB for improving milk production in dairy cows have not been thoroughly studied. In this study, the effects of hot water extract (HWE) from spent mushroom substrate after G. balabacense cultivated with JUNCAO, the herbaceous plants long‐known to be suitable for cultivating edible and medicinal fungi, on production performance and hematology parameters of dairy cows, were determined. Holstein dairy cows were fed different doses of HWE. After a 60‐day administration period with 100 g/day of HWE, milk yield, milk protein and triglyceride (TG) levels increased by 4.02% (P < 0.01), 4.49% (P < 0.05) and 32.65% (P < 0.05), respectively; somatic cell count (SCC) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The production performance of dairy cows suggests that HWE with SMSGB treatment is effective in improving milk yield (P < 0.01) and hematology parameters of dairy cows, and may be useful as a functional feed additive.