试议编辑学术把关和编辑理论建设

科学、艺术等文化现象是人类符号活动的结果．普通编辑学的确立与发展应以符号世界为论域,编辑理论建设应充分重视对符号学研究成果及方法的借鉴。结构主义是认识论主体的认识模式,是编辑学术（艺术）把关的钥匙。科技编辑的学术把关和和文艺编辑的艺术把关可分为不同层面,符号本质是这两大类编辑的共同点,由此两者相融合;同时,两类编辑理论建设对人类文化成果的吸纳也各有侧重。     

不同来源木聚糖酶对黄羽肉鸡屠宰性能和免疫功能的影响

为研究小麦型日粮中添加不同来源木聚糖酶对黄羽肉鸡屠宰性能和免疫功能的影响,选择22日龄体重相近的健康黄羽肉鸡375羽,随机分成3个处理,每处理5个重复,每重复25羽。对照组饲喂小麦型基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加250 mL/t真菌性和细菌性木聚糖酶的试验日粮。试验期为28 d。结果表明,小麦型日粮中分别添加250mL/t真菌性和细菌性木聚糖酶显著提高了黄羽肉鸡腹脂率（P〈0.01）,而对全净膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率没有影响（P〉0.05）;显著提高了黄羽肉鸡法氏囊指数（P〈0.01）以及血清中T3（P〉0.05）、T4、IgA（P〈0.01）和IgM（P〈0.01）水平,且均表现出试验Ⅱ组〉试验Ⅰ组〉对照组的规律,但脾脏指数却相反。结果提示,两种来源木聚糖酶可提高黄羽肉鸡腹脂率和增强机体免疫功能,且细菌性木聚糖酶的提高幅度均高于真菌性木聚糖酶。     

死亡受体6的作用机制及其生物学功能

死亡受体6(death receptor 6,DR6)是肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族中的成员。DR6是Ⅰ型跨膜受体,拥有4个胞外半胱氨酸基序和1个胞内死亡结构域。在人的大多数组织表达中,已经发现其在心、脑、胎盘、胰脏、胸腺、淋巴结和几个非淋巴癌细胞系中表达。DR6可以和TRADD相互作用,激活JNK和NF-κB途径。DR6能下调T、B细胞的增殖和活化,诱导神经细胞的凋亡等。     

不同剂量环磷酰胺对昆明小鼠肝肾组织的损伤作用研究

为研究不同剂量的环磷酰胺对小鼠肝肾组织及功能的损害程度,试验选取40只5周龄健康雌性昆明小鼠,随机分为5组,除对照组外,其余4组小鼠连续3 d分别腹腔注射40、80、120及160 mg/（kg·BW）环磷酰胺溶液,注射后第7天采集肝脏和肾脏组织样品及血清,制备石蜡组织切片及透射电镜切片,观察肝脏和肾脏的组织学变化,检测血清中甘胆酸（CG）、胆碱酯酶（ChE）、血清前白蛋白（PA）、总胆汁酸（TBA）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、尿素氮（BUN）、血清肌酐（SCr）、尿酸（UA）含量/活性。结果显示,环磷酰胺可引起小鼠肝肾组织病理损害,呈剂量依赖性,肝脏比肾脏更早出现损伤。石蜡切片及透射电镜切片观察结果显示,环磷酰胺对肝脏的毒性作用主要表现在肝索紊乱、肝血窦扩张、微胆管淤胆、门管区及中央静脉周围炎性细胞浸润及纤维增生、组织间出血、肝细胞出现脂肪变性及气球样变性,凋亡及坏死细胞增多。肾脏组织损伤主要表现在出血及纤维增生,肾小管上皮细胞胞浆空泡样变、线粒体损伤、核固缩,上皮细胞基底膜增厚。环磷酰胺对膀胱的损害不严重。与对照组相比,40~160 mg/（kg·BW）剂量组小鼠血清中ChE活性及PA水平,120~160 mg/（kg·BW）剂量组AST活性,80~160 mg/（kg·BW）剂量组BUN水平及80 mg/（kg·BW）剂量组UA水平均显著升高（P<0.05）;其余生化指标与对照组差异不显著（P>0.05）。以上结果表明,环磷酰胺注射剂量在80~120 mg/（kg·BW）时可引起昆明小鼠肝脏和肾脏组织及细胞明显的病理损伤。该研究结果可为选择合适的环磷酰胺注射剂量用以制备动物肝脏免疫抑制模型提供试验依据。     

睾丸支持细胞的功能、分离纯化及鉴定研究进展

支持细胞对维持精子形成过程中的微环境起决定作用,它可以通过分泌功能、细胞间连接形成的血睾屏障功能以及吞噬功能等来促进精子的形成过程,其发育异常会导致不同程度的雄性生殖缺陷。基于支持细胞在雄性动物生殖过程中的作用,体外培养高纯度支持细胞可成为研究睾丸两大核心功能-精子发生和性激素分泌功能相关调节机制重要的细胞模型。此外,体外培养睾丸支持细胞也可作为生殖毒理学等新兴热点领域的细胞模型,为评估和研究环境因素对雄性生殖的影响提供便利。因此,作者系统地归纳、总结了目前关于动物支持细胞生物功能的研究及常用的体外分离纯化、培养及鉴定方法,以期为利用动物支持细胞开展雄性生殖领域的研究提供参考。     

Effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance,immune response and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets

The present study investigated the effects of Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 0.15 kg were divided into four diets for 28 days. The treatments were basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate and 40 mg/kg bacitracin zinc, AT), probiotics (400 mg/kg Bacillus coagulans ≥5 × 109 CFU/g, BC) or yeast hydrolysate (5000 mg/kg yeast hydrolysate, YH). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were improved by AT and YH diets (p < 0.05), while BC diet only increased ADG (p < 0.05). The complement 3 (C3), lysozyme (LZM) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in serum were increased in BC diet (p < 0.05). Feeding AT and YH caused the increase of jejunal villus height (p < 0.05), and a higher ratio of villus height/crypt depth was observed in AT, BC and YH groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in jejunal mucosa was up-regulated by AT, BC and YH diets (p < 0.05). Dietary AT, BC or YH inclusion decreased the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentration and TNF-α mRNA expression (p < 0.05), and YH supplementation even down-regulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 expressions (p < 0.05). In summary, the dietary administration of BC or YH both improves growth performance through promoting the intestinal barrier function, indicating both of them can serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics growth promoters for the piglet production.     

Current experimental models,assessment and dietary modulations of intestinal permeability in broiler chickens

Maintaining and optimising the intestinal barrier (IB) function in poultry has important implications for the health and performance of the birds. As a key aspect of the IB, intestinal permeability (IP) is mainly controlled by complex junctional proteins called tight junction proteins (TJ) that link enterocytes together. The disruption of TJ is associated with increased gut leakage with possible subsequent implications for bacterial translocation, intestinal inflammation, compromised health and performance of the birds. Despite considerable data being available for other species, research on IP in broiler chickens and in general avian species is still an understudied topic. This paper reviews the available literature with a specific focus on IP in broiler chickens with consideration given to practical factors affecting the IP, current assessment methods, markers and nutritional modulation of IP. Several experimental models to induce gut leakage are discussed including pathogens, rye-based diets, feed deprivation and stress-inducing agents such as exogenous glucocorticoids and heat stress. Although various markers including fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran, expression of TJ and bacterial translocation have been widely utilized to study IP, recent studies have identified a number of excreta biomarkers to evaluate intestinal integrity, in particular non-invasive IP. Although the research on various nutrients and feed additives to potentially modulate IP is still at an early stage, the most promising outcomes are anticipated for probiotics, prebiotics, amino acids and those feed ingredients, nutrients and additives with anti-inflammatory properties. Considerable research gaps are identified for the mechanistic mode of action of various nutrients to influence IP under different experimental models. The modulation of IP through various strategies (i.e. nutritional manipulation of diet) may be regarded as a new frontier for disease prevention and improving the health and performance of poultry particularly in an antibiotic-free production system.     

Inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to the epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by sodium oxalate in canine renal epithelial cells

High oxalate consumption has been recognized as a risk factor for renal calcium oxalate stones in companion animals (dogs and cats). However, the cellular signaling involved in oxalate-induced dysfunction in renal tubular epithelial cells remains not fully elucidated. In this study, Mardin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, an epithelial cell line derived from canine kidney tubule, were tested for cell proliferation activity and barrier function after being exposed to sodium oxalate (NaOx). Further, the involvement of Wnt/β-catenin in NaOx-induced renal epithelial barrier dysfunction was evaluated. MDCK cells treated with NaOx exhibited reduction in cell proliferation and migration. Besides, NaOx exposure led to a decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance and an increase in paracellular permeability. The deleterious effects of NaOx on epithelial barrier function were related to the suppressed abundance of tight junction proteins including zonula occludens, occludin, and claudin-1. Of note, protein levels of β-catenin and phosphorylated (p)-β-catenin (Ser552) in MDCK cells were repressed by NaOx, indicating inhibitory effects on Wnt/β-catenin signaling. An inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) by SB216763 enhanced the abundance of β-catenin and p-β-catenin (Ser552), and protected against epithelial barrier dysfunction in NaOx-treated MDCK cells. The results revealed a critical role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the epithelial barrier function of MDCK cells. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of oxalate-linked renal stones.     

党参多糖口服液对小白鼠免疫功能的影响

给小鼠灌服不同剂量（每kg体重灌服9、5、7 g生药）的党参多糖口服液后,通过测定小鼠免疫脏器指数、网状内皮系统吞噬功能、半数溶血值等指标的变化评价其对免疫系统的作用。结果显示,党参多糖口服液可显著增强小鼠网状内皮系统的吞噬功能,提高成年小鼠脾脏指数（P<0.05）,能显著增强小鼠半数溶血值,提高小鼠的血清溶血素抗体生成水平（P<0.05）,说明党参多糖口服液有显著的免疫调节能力。该试验可为党参多糖口服液的临床应用提供参考。