Repeatability of subjective evaluation of lameness in horses

Reasons for performing study: Previous studies have suggested that agreement between equine veterinarians subjectively evaluating lameness in horses is low. These studies were limited to small numbers of horses, evaluating movement on the treadmill or to evaluating previously‐recorded videotape. Objectives: To estimate agreement between equine practitioners performing lameness evaluations in horses in the live, over ground setting. Methods: 131 mature horses were evaluated for lameness by 2–5 clinicians (mean 3.2) with a weighted‐average of 18.7 years of experience. Clinicians graded each limb using the AAEP lameness scale by first watching the horse trot in a straight line only and then after full lameness evaluation. Agreement was estimated by calculation of Fleiss' (κ). Evaluators agreed if they picked the same limb as lame or not lame regardless of the severity of perceived lameness. Results: After only evaluating the horse trot in a straight line clinicians agreed whether a limb was lame or not 76.6% of the time (κ= 0.44). After full lameness evaluation clinicians agreed whether a limb was lame or not 72.9% of the time (κ= 0.45). Agreement on forelimb lameness was slightly higher than on hindlimb lameness. When the mean AAEP lameness score was >1.5 clinicians agreed whether or not a limb was lame 93.1% of the time (κ= 0.86), but when the mean score was ≤1.5 they agreed 61.9% (κ= 0.23) of the time. When given the task of picking whether or not the horse was lame and picking the worst limb after full lameness evaluation, clinicians agreed 51.6% (κ= 0.37) of the time. Conclusions: For horses with mild lameness subjective evaluation of lameness is not very reliable. Potential relevance: A search for and the development of more objective and reliable methods of lameness evaluation is justified and should be encouraged and supported.     

Study on the impact of wastewater irrigation on the quality of oils obtained from olives harvested by hand and from the ground and extracted at different times after the harvesting

Nowadays, lots of efforts are made in Tunisia for the exploitation of wastewater in agriculture in order to face a very elevated mobilization of resources in water (90%). At Sfax, a Governorate placed in the South of Tunisia, the annual rainfall rarely exceeds 200 mm, so the climate is fairly arid. The significant water deficit can be reduced with the reuse of treated wastewater (TWW). The Sfax wastewater originated from the municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) localized at 5 km in the south of Sfax, Tunisia. This WWTP is an aerated lagoon process receiving industrial wastewaters. Its treatment capacity is 24,000 m³/day. Part of TWW is sent to the olive crops of El Hajeb, as part of a proposed wastewater use in agriculture. Already the wastewater is used to irrigate olive trees and intercrops such as cotton, oats and sorghum silage (Charfi et al., 1999). The aim of the present work was to determine the impact of the irrigation utilizing wastewater on the quality of the oil. The oils analysed were extracted from olives hand-picked directly from the tree and from olives that have fallen under the trees. Moreover, a study on the olive storage has been made in order to evaluate in which way the collection of the fruit could influence the quality of the oil.     

语意预测与选择的因素及遵循原则

译者在理解、传达原文时受诸多主、客观因素的影响,在他选定某个语意之前,必须进行分析、预测。那么,他是根据什么来预测与选定原文意义的呢?我们认为他是按照"最佳关联"的原则,根据不同的文本来预测与选定语意的。     

试析党的执政基础面临的挑战

中国共产党的执政基础是党领导人民在革命和建设过程中逐步确立起来的，十一届三中全会以来，党的执政基础进一步得到巩固和加强。当今世界和中国的发展变化使我党的执政基础面临着诸多新的挑战，研究这一课题，不仅具有深刻的理论意义，而且具有重大的实践意义。     

打井种稻的反思与对策

通过大量调查研究,从总结打井种稻的经验教训入手,进而提出今后的发展对策,可为北方地区水田开发提供有益的借鉴。     

人的三种基本形态与政治制度的关系的哲学审视

制度的核心和主体是人,人的存在有三种基本形态：个人、群体和人类。对于政治制度问题的研究,这样的区分具有相当重要的意义。在政治制度范畴研究人的问题,要准确区分人的三种基本形态,审慎把握尺度,处理好其间的关系。政治制度要科学良性建立、良性运行与发展,必须约束并超越个人,要以社会群体为本位,以促进人类自由为目的。     

Considering the Influence of Multi-weather-factors to Forecasting the Water Requirement of Well Irrigation Rice Based on ANN Model

The author considered the influences of several weather factors, such as air temperature, sunlight, saturation deficiency, wind speed and so on to forecasting the water requirement of well irrigation rice based on Artificial Neutron Network. Through dealing with the time series of water requirement and its influence factors, the author applied the multi-dimension data correlation analysis to ensure the net structure. Thus, the ANN model to forecast the water requirement of well irrigation rice has been built. By means of the ANN model, uncertainty relation between water requirement and many influence factors among the interior and exterior can be discovered. The results of ANN model is good, and can provide some references for establishing the water saving irrigation system.     

基于井电双控平台的地下水流场动态监测与提取

[目的]基于灌区已建成"井电双控"平台的优势,提出利用抽水井水位来获取开采期地下水流场的动态变化,为地下水资源的科学管理及合理利用提供技术支撑.[方法]利用Processing MODFLOW软件模拟得出研究区的仿真流场,以此作为抽水井水位确定流场的判别标准,并对该方法下流场的拟合效果进行评价与改进.[结果]直接使用抽...