单井示踪和灌浆技术在某堤防除险加固工程中的应用

除险加固是最近几年水利工程建设中经常涉及的问题。本文主要介绍了某堤防除险加固工程的成功例子，主要包括查找渗漏源、确定防渗设计方案以及灌浆施工等相关内容，其中有一些较先进的方法和技术。本文对类似工程具有一定的实际意义。     

论"天人合一"与林业可持续发展

在全球环境生态危机不断威胁人类生存的今天 ,人们在重新审视历史时发现 ,中国传统文化对人与自然的认识含有丰富的辩证哲理。与西方追求利益最大化的林业管理理念不同 ,中国古代的林业经营管理思想 ,是以“天人合一”思想为指导 ,实现经济、社会和环境的和谐可持续发展的“生生之道”。随着现代化建设与社会的进步 ,我国面临日益严峻的人口、资源、环境、粮食、能源等诸多问题 ,愈来愈倚赖于林业的可持续发展。可持续发展已成为维系人类生存的途径 ,对古代这一宝贵思想进行回顾与分析 ,可为当代林业的可持续发展提供有力的借鉴。     

Economic evaluation of forest drainage and fertilization in northern Ontario peatlands with an investment decision model

Drainage and fertilization of an existing peatland black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) stand and 24 possible methods of planting a clear-cut area near Cochrane, Ontario were evaluated by means of a recently developed forestry investment decision model, FIDME.Results indicate that, on the basis of the cost estimates used and assumptions made, drainage of the existing stand is the most economical treatment if it can reduce the rotation age by 30 years or more. Drainage combined with fertilization is the second best alternative if this treatment can reduce the rotation age by 40 years or more. Fertilization of the undrained site ranks a distant third, and then only if it reduces the rotation age by 10 years; otherwise, it will be uneconomical to apply.In the case of the clear-cut area, planting bare-root stock on a mechanically prepared but undrained site without weed control ranked first among the 24 alternatives considered; the same treatment, but with weed control included, ranked second. Planting containerized seedlings on a mechanically prepared but undrained site with weed control ranked third, followed by planting bare-root stock on a mechanically prepared and drained site with weed control. In contrast, planting containerized seedlings on an unprepared site and with no weed control ranked as the least cost-effective method considered.     

干巴菌菌丝营养生理特性的初步研究

本文报道了不同碳源、氮源、微量元素及维生素培养基对干巴菌菌丝生长的影响。试验表明，干巴菌菌丝利用最好的的碳源是葡萄糖，其次是蔗糖。利用最好的氮源是硝酸钙，其次是硝酸铵和硫酸铵，对蛋白胨和尿素的利用效果差。缺少碳源或氮源时，菌丝生长细弱、稀少，不形成原基。微量元素和维生素均对干巴菌菌丝生长有促进作用，其中以锰、铜和维生素Ｂ２的作用尤为突出。     

Protection by iron salts against sporidesmin intoxication in sheep

A number of iron compounds have been shown to protect sheep against the harmful effects of the facial eczema toxin, sporidesmin. Various salts were found to be effective; the oxidation state of the metal was not important although water-solubility did appear to be a prerequisite for prophylactic activity. The effect of iron salts was additive with that of zinc, and it is suggested that the protective action of these compounds results from their ability to inhibit the absorption of copper, consistent with the previously-proposed freeradical mechanism for sporidesmin toxicity.     

入世与我国驰名商标的特殊保护

驰名商标的特殊保护是世界各国普遍关注的问题，从世贸组织有关驰名商标保护的规定和我国驰名商标保护的现状入手，探讨了我国入世后如何建立健全驰名商标特殊保护制度的相关问题。     

Research on Forecasting Water Requirement of Well Irrigation Rice by Time Series Analysis Method

The paper builds up the forecasting model of air temperature according to the data(1994-1998)of Fu Jin area.At the same time,the writer inquires into the relation of water requirement of well irrigation rice(ET)and average air temperature(T).Furthermore,the rice irrigation water reuqirement(ET)of Fu Jin area has been forecast in 1999.Thus,we can apply the model in irrigation management.     

用综合加权评分法优化钻井泥浆配方的研究

通过对影响泥浆质量因素的分析,进行了泥浆配方试验,并运用多指标试验的综合加权评分法,结合直观分析、极差分析,寻找出了一个最优泥浆配方,在实践中产生了良好的经济效益     

渠井用水比对灌区降水响应及其环境效应分析

渠井结合灌区适宜渠井用水比例关系灌区地下水环境和区域农业可持续发展。该文以人民胜利渠灌区为例,集合了灌区1954-2014年农业用水量及降水量、研究区域2008-2014年渠井用水比、地下水埋深、地下水水化学特征数据,分析了降雨量、地下水动态特征与渠井用水比例的相关性,以期探明渠井结合灌区渠井用水比对降雨的响应及其对土壤和地下水环境的影响。结果表明,典型渠井结合灌区渠井用水比与年降水量呈线性正相关;渠系上游地下水水位变化较下游更为剧烈,在用水水平、用水方式一致条件下,渠井用水比例越大,地下水埋深超过11 m区域增幅越小,较大的渠井用水比例对于上游地下水位下降减缓效果明显;平水期、枯水期,由于渠井用水比例不合理,地下水无序开采且超采严重,区域地下水碱化趋势明显;受气候变化影响,近5 a渠灌水量仅为多年均值的75.52%,未来区域降水量具有减小趋势,这势必进一步加剧农业水资源紧缺的形式。为了满足农业的正常生产,增加灌区地下水开采成为唯一解决途径,这势必加剧地下水的碱化趋势及地下水超采区的扩大。因此,确定灌区适宜的渠井用水比例对于灌区水资源的科学利用与农业的可持续发展具有重要意义。     

陕北丘陵区水坝地粮食高产栽培技术研究

根据最优设计的原理 ,采用了组合设计的思想 ,接近于正交设计、旋转设计和饱和设计 ,故称为最优混合设计。 1998年小区最高产量为 12 919.5kg·hm-2 ,1999年小区最高产量达到 13815kg·hm-2 ,2 0 0 0年小区产最高产量达 15 0 18.0kg·hm-2 。由电脑筛选出 343个方案 ,其中 ,15 0 0 0～ 176 2 5kg·hm-2 的最优组合方案是 :施有机肥 6 0 0 0 0kg·hm-2 ,追肥N素 46 2～ 483kg·hm-2 ,播前浇底墒水 6 0 0t·hm-2 ,补灌 1377～ 145 8t·hm-2 ,密度 :马铃薯套种高粱 ,马铃薯 72 70 5～ 83415株·hm-2 ,高粱 6 5 2 0 5～ 75 915株·hm-2 。