Bentonite-humic acid improves soil organic carbon,microbial biomass,enzyme activities and grain quality in a sandy soil cropped to maize (Zea mays L.) in a semi-arid region

A bentonite-humic acid(B-HA) mixture added to degraded soils may improve soil physical and hydraulic properties, due to effects such as improved soil structure and increased water and nutrient retention, but its effect on soil physicochemical and biological properties, and grain quality is largely unknown. The effect of B-HA, added at 30 Mg ha-1, was studied at 1,3, 5 and 7 years after its addition to a degraded sandy soil in a semi-arid region of China. The addition of B-HA significantly increa...     

长期施肥棕壤有机硫矿化特征及其驱动力

[目的]探究长期不同施肥对土壤有机硫矿化量、动力学特征和酶活性的影响,揭示玉米–大豆轮作体系中棕壤有机硫矿化特征及其主要驱动因子.[方法]沈阳农业大学长期定位试验于1979年建立,为玉米–玉米–大豆(一年一熟)轮作模式.试验设置15个处理,本研究选取了其中7个处理,分别为:CK(不施肥)、N1(低量化学氮肥)、N2(高...     

Cu胁迫对柑桔叶片膜透性及酶活性的影响

以脐橙52（C.sinensis（L.）Osbeck.cv.Navelorange No.52）为试材,采用水培的方法,研究了Cu胁迫对柑桔叶片膜透性及酶活性的影响。结果表明,5、20、40μmol·L^-1Cu处理下,K^＋渗漏值分别比对照增加15.8%、30.85%、60.3%;Cu^2＋渗漏值分别比对照增加117%、222.6%、298.1%;大分子渗漏值分别比对照增加了8.6%、13.47%、27.8%。当Cu的处理浓度为5μmol·L^-1时,MDA含量显著提高,且随着Cu浓度的提高而增加。超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性随着Cu浓度的增加呈先增后降,而POD则一直上升,SOD和CAT活性在0.1μmol·L^-1Cu处理时达最大,而PPO活性则在5μmol·L^-1Cu处理时达最大。0.1、5μmol·L^-1Cu处理下,柑桔叶片的蛋白质与对照相比没有明显的变化,20、40μmol·L^-1Cu处理时,柑桔体内一些原来正常的蛋白质合成受阻,同时诱导一些新蛋白的产生。     

牧马豆生物碱抑菌抗炎作用研究

将牧马豆生物碱配制成不同的质量浓度,通过试管法测定其最小抑菌质量浓度.结果表明,牧马豆生物碱对大肠埃希氏菌、巴氏杆菌、链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌均有一定的抑制作用.以小鼠为实验动物,选用不同质量浓度的牧马豆生物碱注射剂对二甲苯所致小鼠耳壳肿胀均有显著抑制作用.     

采选矿活动对铅锌矿区水体中重金属污染研究

以湘西境内凤凰铅锌矿区不同区域的地表水为对象,研究了铅锌矿区水体中Pb、Zn、Hg等元素的污染状况及成因。结果表明,凤凰铅锌矿区内地表水受到重金属复合污染,其中水Pb严重污染,水Zn轻度污染,水Hg中度污染。矿区地表水中Pb、Zn、Hg平均含量分别为(0.145±0.060)mg·L-1(、0.362±0.393)mg·L-1和(0.175±0.359)!g·L-1,与地表水环境质量国家标准(GB3828-2002)相比,矿区水Pb平均含量超过国标Ⅳ类水质量标准2.9倍,Zn基本符合国家Ⅲ类水水质标准,Hg超过国标Ⅲ类水质量标准1.75倍。溪流水体自净作用对水质重金属污染具有一定的修复能力,该能力受距污染源的距离、流程长度以及水质污染程度的影响。水体中Pb、Zn、Hg的含量受原生地球化学环境的控制,同时,表生地球化学作用和人为采选矿活动也深刻影响它们在水体中的分布。     

丁吡吗啉对致病疫霉的作用机制初探

丁吡吗啉(pyrimorph)是一种结构新颖的杀菌剂,室内生物测定结果表明,其对致病疫霉Phytophthora infestans的菌丝生长、孢子囊产生、休止孢萌发具有较强的抑制作用,其EC50值分别为0.066、0.059和0.550 μg/mL,但对游动孢子释放的抑制作用较弱,其EC50值为 9.78 μg/mL。显微镜下观察结果表明,经丁吡吗啉处理后的菌丝分枝相对较少,分枝间距拉长,但对 菌丝直径无影响;从致病疫霉对番茄叶片的侵染过程来看,丁吡吗啉浓度为100 μg/mL时,处理24 h后在叶片表面只能看到少量休止孢萌发,96 h后未产生孢子囊。丁吡吗啉在1 μg/mL和10 μg/mL 时对菌丝体细胞膜的电导率无影响,但当浓度为50 μg/mL时其电导率值明显上升;初步测定结果表明,在100 μg/mL浓度下,其对致病疫霉菌丝体的蛋白质合成有一定的抑制作用,但对其菌丝体内的DNA合成没有明显的抑制作用。     

橡胶树树皮中ACC氧化酶基因(HbACO7)的表达特性及功能探究

天然橡胶是重要的工业原材料,主要来自橡胶树树皮中的乳管。乙烯能促进橡胶树乳管产胶和排胶,在树皮上施用乙烯利（一种乙烯释放剂）或乙烯可显著提高胶乳产量。基于本课题组前期获得的橡胶树基因组和转录组数据,克隆橡胶树中乙烯合成通路关键酶——1-氨基环丙烷基-1-羧酸（ACC）氧化酶基因家族（HbACOs）的全部8个家族基因,研究其组织表达模式。结果表明：在分析的7种组织中,尽管HbACO基因存在不同程度的冗余表达,但每种基因的组织表达模式具有明显的特异性,其中HbACO7是树皮中表达量最高的家族基因。HbACO7基因的表达在割胶季节的不同月份发生明显变化,其中在8月的表达量最高。成功构建了HbACO7基因的原核表达载体,实现其在大肠杆菌BL21中的诱导表达。纯化后的HbACO7重组蛋白具有明显的ACO酶催化活性,成功地催化了乙烯的体外合成。该结果将为后续橡胶树树皮中的乙烯生物合成调控机制研究提供参考。     

链霉菌和壳聚糖对淮山土壤微生物活性与群落的影响

为探究链霉菌30702和壳聚糖对淮山土壤微生物活性与群落的影响,采用比色法和滴定法观测土壤酶活性的变化,采用高通量测序技术和Trimmomatic等软件,分析土壤微生物群落中细菌和真菌的发展变化。结果表明,链霉菌、壳聚糖、土壤原始微生物和培养时间等4个因素对淮山土壤的脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性均有显著影响,壳聚糖浓度在0~10.0 g/kg内,土壤酶活性随壳聚糖浓度的增大而提高;随时间的延长,先升再降;壳聚糖与链霉菌之间存在交互效应。链霉菌和壳聚糖能增加淮山土壤细菌的物种丰度,减少细菌的多样性,增加艾德昂菌属（Ideonella）和纤维弧菌（Cellvibrio）等有益菌属的相对丰度,而对真菌的物种丰度和多样性的影响较小,与对照之间的差异不显著,土壤优势菌属为腐质霉属（Humicola）、枝孢属（Cladosporium）、鞘氨醇单胞菌属（Sphingomonas）和uncultured_bacterium_ c_Subgroup_6。其中,链霉菌与2.5 g/kg壳聚糖复合处理的细菌物种丰度最大,细菌多样性最少。     

Antihypertensive Effects of IGTGIPGIW Peptide Purified from Hippocampus abdominalis: p-eNOS and p-AKT Stimulation in EA.hy926 Cells and Lowering of Blood Pressure in SHR Model

The aim of this study was to assess the potential hypertensive effects of the IGTGIPGIW peptide purified from Hippocampus abdominalis alcalase hydrolysate (HA) for application in the functional food industry. We investigated the antihypertensive effects of IGTGIPGIW in vitro by assessing nitric oxide production in EA.hy926 endothelial cells, which is a major factor affecting vasorelaxation. The potential vasorelaxation effect was evaluated using 4-amino-5-methylamino-2′,7′-difluorofluorescein diacetate, a fluorescent stain. IGTGIPGIW significantly increased the expression of endothelial-derived relaxing factors, including endothelial nitric oxide synthase and protein kinase B, in EA.hy926 cells. Furthermore, oral administration of IGTGIPGIW significantly lowered the systolic blood pressure (183.60 ± 1.34 mmHg) and rapidly recovered the diastolic blood pressure (143.50 ± 5.55 mmHg) in the spontaneously hypertensive rat model in vivo. Our results demonstrate the antihypertensive activity of the IGTGIPGIW peptide purified from H. abdominalis and indicate its suitability for application in the functional food industry.     

Algal Phlorotannins as Novel Antibacterial Agents with Reference to the Antioxidant Modulation: Current Advances and Future Directions

The increasing drug resistance of infectious microorganisms is considered a primary concern of global health care. The screening and identification of natural compounds with antibacterial properties have gained immense popularity in recent times. It has previously been shown that several bioactive compounds derived from marine algae exhibit antibacterial activity. Similarly, polyphenolic compounds are generally known to possess promising antibacterial capacity, among other capacities. Phlorotannins (PTs), an important group of algae-derived polyphenolic compounds, have been considered potent antibacterial agents both as single drug entities and in combination with commercially available antibacterial drugs. In this context, this article reviews the antibacterial properties of polyphenols in brown algae, with particular reference to PTs. Cell death through various molecular modes of action and the specific inhibition of biofilm formation by PTs were the key discussion of this review. The synergy between drugs was also discussed in light of the potential use of PTs as adjuvants in the pharmacological antibacterial treatment.