提前喷施叶面肥对增强翻秋晚稻抵御寒露风能力的分析

近年来,翻秋种植（早稻品种作晚稻直播栽培）以其节本高效、缓解双季稻季节矛盾等优势得以迅速发展,但翻秋晚稻抽穗期迟于移栽晚稻,更易受寒露风影响而减产。本研究以始穗期寒露风来临前2d设置喷施清水（CK）、喷施宝（T1）、寒露风来临当天施喷施宝（T2）3个处理,研究提前喷施叶面肥对翻秋晚稻抵御寒露风能力的影响及其机理,以期为提高翻秋晚稻应对寒露风的避灾减灾能力提供技术支撑及理论依据。结果表明：与CK及T2相比,提前喷施叶面肥（T1）可促进翻秋晚稻安全齐穗,缩短生育期3～4d;有利于增加灌浆期的净光合速率,促进后期叶片SPAD值与净光合速率的正常衰减,提前喷施叶面肥后植株的C、N营养更协调,干物质运转更通畅,从而显著提高籽粒灌浆速率,增加结实率9.5～13.9个百分点,增产15.8%～23.7%;提前喷施叶面肥还可改善翻秋晚稻稻米的外观品质及加工品质。可见,通过气象预警,提前喷施叶面肥可有效增强翻秋晚稻抵御寒露风的能力。     

道路和居民点对锡林郭勒草地风蚀参数的影响

土壤风蚀是锡林郭勒草地主要的生态环境问题之一,区域内道路和居民点对草地风蚀有重要影响而尚未受到足够的关注与研究。将遥感影像目视解译提取的道路和居民点信息,与表征土壤性质、地表植被覆盖等方面的8个风蚀参数进行空间叠加,采用掩膜处理等GIS方法分析各参数的空间变化特征,以探究道路和居民点对风蚀地表参数的影响。结果表明:距道路和居民点越近,植被覆盖率、高度均减小,表层土壤砂粒含量增加,土壤容重变大;居民点对风蚀参数影响的最大距离为2 000 m,道路为400 m;在影响距离内,植被覆盖各参数变化幅度大于土壤性质各参数,居民点对风蚀参数的影响大于道路;道路和居民点明显增加了周边区域的风蚀危险性,因此进行风蚀评价与估算时,应在相关指标体系与模型中考虑道路和居民点这两个影响因子。该研究可以为草原风蚀机理研究、风蚀治理提供科学参考。     

太阳自动跟踪系统机构静力学及脉动风模拟分析

运用大型有限元软件ANSYS建立有限元模型,对太阳自动跟踪系统中的几个典型构件组合以及整体机构进行结构静力学模拟仿真分析,同时根据瞬态动力学理论模拟脉动风对机构的影响,探讨了模拟分析的细节问题并给出了求解全过程。组合结构以及整体机构的静力学模拟仿真分析结果表明了该机构可以达到设计要求。通过对机构进行脉动风共振模拟试验,由瞬态动力学分析结果表明脉动风使机构产生的振动频率小于固有频率,机构不会发生共振现象。并通过对两种模拟分析结果的比较,表明脉动风对机构的受力影响大。     

Interplot interference and the assessment of barley cultivars for partial resistance to leaf rust,Puccinia hordei

Summary The barley cultivars Akka, highly susceptible, and Vada, partially resistant to barley leaf rust, Puccinia hordei, were evaluated for the amount of leaf rust in five experimental field plot situations over three successive years. The field plot situations were: A) plots well isolated from each other by distance and non-leaf rust contributing host plants; B) adjacent plots of 4×41/2 m (18 rows); C) adjacent plots of 4×11/2 m (6 rows); D) adjacent plots of 4×1/4 m (1 row); E) adjacent plots of only one plant (cultivar mixtures).The sporulating leaf area of each plot was measured from samples of 20 tillers taken at random from each plot. In each year the difference in sporulating area between Akka and Vada was large to very large in the absence of interplot interference in the isolated plots, ranging from 150 to 2100 times. In the adjacent plots the partial resistance of Vada was greatly underestimated, 5 to 16 times in the situation B, 14 to 30 times in C, and 75 to 130 times in D and E.Testing lines or cultivars in adjacent plots is the standard procedure in use in breeding programs and in tests of cultivars for their agricultural value. To avoid such under estimation the following procedure is suggested. A few cultivars representing the known range of partial resistance and whose level of partial resistance is well known are evaluated together with the lines and cultivars whose partial resistance has to be assessed. This is demonstrated with a number of cultivars of which resistance values are know from the recommended variety lists for England and Wales. Cultivars have been assessed in Wageningen over four years together with the check cultivars Akka, Sultan, Julia and Vada representing the range of partial resistance with values (on a 1 to 10 scale) of 1, 3–4, 7 and 8 respectively, based on isolated plots experiments.     

STATIC ANALYSIS OF THE BODY OF MAN''S DRY GAS HOLDER WITH A VOLUME OF 120000m~3

This paper presents finite element calculations of the body of MAN'S dry gas holders with a volume of 120000m~3 under internal pressure and wind load. The analyses of displacements and internal forces of the body are presented. The control points of strength and rigidity check are determined. The work in this paper is very valuable to body's design.     

低风速下H型垂直轴风力机气动性能

为了准确地研究低风速下H型垂直轴风力机的特性,以自主研发的H型垂直轴风力机为研究对象,采用数值模拟方法,分析了低风速下H型垂直轴风力机的气动性能和三维效应特征.分析结果表明:低风速区域,保持叶尖速比不变,改变风轮转速或来流风速,对H型垂直轴风力机的功率系数影响较大,且风速对叶尖速比的影响比转速的影响更敏感;在低风速区域,即使转速较大,风力机实际仍工作在低叶尖速比区域;在数值模拟中,设定合理的风速和转速的匹配有利于提高模拟结果的可靠性;在不考虑风剪切的情况下,三维效应受叶尖涡影响,且叶尖涡在0°方位角的位置时影响较大,同时还受风轮内流场的作用,且这种作用随着转速的增加而增强.计算结果为进一步研究H型垂直轴风力机提供了参考.     

垂直轴风力机塔柱结构的分析及优化

为了避免风力机系统的共振而导致的系统损坏和噪声污染,通过系统动力特性分析和动力学响应计算分析,得到了风力机塔柱的低阶固有频率和谐响应的数据,以及风轮和塔柱之间的动态关系与整个系统的动态特性,为结构动态设计以及优化提供科学依据.首先确定对风力机塔柱系统结构动态性能影响最大的模态频率,提取该阶模态频率作为动态优化的目标,最后分析塔柱结构与风轮之间的动态干扰.结果表明：原设计在风轮以设计额定转速160 r/min运行时,其产生的简谐荷载对风力机塔柱具有十分严重的破坏性,通过增加主轴钢管的壁厚并提高其刚度等优化工作,经计算证明,在激振力不变的情况下,第一阶固有频率得到提高,塔柱的各阶固有频率下的最大位移大幅减小,优化效果明显,达到结构动力设计的目的.     

玉米抗倒性检测环境的选取方法

倒伏是玉米的重要胁迫之一,为提高玉米新品种抗倒性检测的效率,需选择倒伏胁迫高发环境作为测试环境。该文结合倒伏胁迫发生机理和大风概率统计模型,首先计算每个气象站点的因风倒伏概率,通过插值和区域统计,得到东华北、黄淮海两大玉米主产区各县区的因风倒伏概率,最后进行玉米抗倒性检验环境的选取分析。结果表明：倒伏胁迫概率超过60%的县区适宜作为玉米抗倒性检测的备选环境,只需3～5个点即可基本保证每年试验都会发生倒伏胁迫;黄淮海发生极严重倒伏胁迫的平均概率高于东华北,与实际情况吻合,两大区域可作为极严重倒伏胁迫检测环境的备选县区有54个,严重倒伏有16个,一般性倒伏有21个;本方法为测试环境选取决策提供了一种量化操作的手段,有助于提高测试环境倒伏胁迫的发生概率和新品种抗倒性检测的效率,降低应用风险。     

基于改进蚁群算法的风洞试验俯仰机构运动误差优化

为提高风洞试验俯仰机构的运动精度,减少初始误差,提出了基于改进蚁群算法的俯仰机构运动误差优化分析方法。针对影响俯仰机构运动精度的3个误差源——弧形导轨半径R、连杆长度L、直线导轨安装位置yOa,建立俯仰机构运动误差分析数学模型;推导了可用于分析误差的改进蚁群算法模型,将俯仰机构3个误差源的求解转换为对目标函数优化问题的求解,采用改进算法进行误差优化。对比传统数值方法,改进后的蚁群算法对误差求解精度达到10~(-5)mm级,有效地避免了结构自身产生的初始误差源对计算结果的影响。     

Analysis of reasonable wind farm energy storage capacity range

The wind farm output power fluctuations caused by changing wind speed can be improved by configuring the appropriate storage energy capacity .For the problem that how to select the storage capacity more economical, two indicators for the judgment of the optimization wind power output are mentioned, which is based on a method calculating storage energy capacity. By detailed analysis of the all kinds of factors that can influence the reasonable value of storage capacity, and by using the cost of storage capacity and the smoothing effect of wind farm output as assistant criterion, a reasonable storage capacity range is discussed.