云杉、落叶松等树种种子发芽对水分胁迫的反应

云杉、落叶松等树种种子发芽对水分胁迫的反应马常耕，王建华关键词云杉，落叶松，聚乙二醇，水分胁迫聚乙二醇（ＰＥＧ）是一种中性长链多聚化合物，可配成预定水势溶液，用来模拟土壤的自然水势，造成水分胁迫，以研究植物对水分胁迫的反应［１，２］，揭示其抗旱能力。...     

热处理对板栗采后生理及贮藏效果的影响

将‘青扎’板栗果实进行50℃，60min热处理，研究板栗果实的贮藏效果以及贮藏过程中的生理变化，与未经热处理的栗果对照，结果表明：热处理能抑制栗果贮藏过程中的呼吸强度，POD活性，CAT活性，降低了淀粉酶活性，可溶性糖和还原糖含量，显著抑制板栗中真菌发生和蔓延，降低了果实的失重率，但Vc含量有所降低。     

ABA及Ca~(2+)/CaM信使系统对高温逆境下棉苗根系生长的调控

以对温度敏感的杂交棉——标杂A2为研究对象,在人工气候箱培养条件下,研究了ABA和Ca2+/CaM信使系统对热激条件下棉花苗期根系抗逆生理性状的影响及调控。结果表明:在高温逆境条件下,棉株体内可以产生ABA而提高棉苗耐热性;外源ABA或Ca2+可以减轻棉苗根系热激危害,提高根系活力、基部伤流强度及根系活性恢复力,降低根系电解质外渗率;ABA和Ca2+具有明显的互作效应,棉苗对变温逆境的抗性可能通过ABA及Ca2+/CaM信使系统诱导产生并起作用;钨酸钠、LaCl3和CPZ分别是ABA和Ca2+/CaM信使系统的抑制剂,外源喷施对棉苗的耐热性具有减弱作用。复水前后的棉苗基部伤流强度能够较好地反映根系代谢活性,可以作为棉苗耐热性鉴定的有效指标。     

高温干旱复合胁迫对构树幼苗抗氧化酶活性和活性氧代谢的影响

目的研究马铃薯的耐热机制,为耐热和不耐热的马铃薯品种筛选做参考。方法测量高温胁迫下云南本地3个不同熟期马铃薯品种[云薯 901(早熟)、云薯 305(中晚熟)、合作 88(晚熟)]的表型、部分生理指标和保护酶含量。结果高温胁迫对马铃薯幼苗的生长表型、SOD活性、POD活性和MDA含量都有影响。云薯 901的生长表型优于其他品种;在37 ℃条件下,云薯 901的SOD活性随胁迫时间的延长总体呈下降趋势,而其他品种总体均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势;在30 ℃条件下,云薯 901的POD活性随着胁迫时间的延长总体呈下降趋势,而其他品种总体呈升高的趋势;在23和30 ℃条件下,云薯 901的MDA含量在第5天时明显减少,而其他品种并无该现象。这些结果说明早熟品种云薯 901的耐热表现优于其他熟期较晚的品种。结论持续的高温胁迫影响马铃薯幼苗的生长表型、抗氧化酶活性和膜质,且熟期较晚的品种受到的影响较大,熟期可能是筛选耐热性马铃薯品种的因素之一。     

含水率对稻米籽粒应力松弛特性影响的研究

稻米籽粒的松弛特性在其生产、质量控制中起着重要作用。本文通过试验获得了稻米籽粒应力松弛特性的力学指标,并研究了含水率对稻米籽粒应力松弛特性的影响,通过多项式回归分析建立了稻米籽粒应力松弛各力学指标随含水率变化关系的数学模型,为稻米加工装置的设计以及稻米的质量评价提供理论依据。     

陆地棉SRO基因家族的鉴定及表达分析

SRO是植物特有的类RCD-ONE蛋白家族,在植物抵御各种生物和非生物胁迫过程中具有重要的作用。本研究利用生物信息学方法从陆地棉遗传标准系TM-1(Gossypium hirsutum L.acc.TM-1)基因组中鉴定到12个SRO基因家族成员。多重序列比对及进化树分析表明,12个陆地棉SRO均含有PARP和RST结构域,聚为3类,即A、B和C亚家族。转录组数据分析表明,TM-1全基因组中的Gh_D12G1442在茎中优势表达,Gh_D05G2064在萼片和雄蕊中优势表达;Gh_A05G3788在雄蕊中优势表达,Gh_A12G1318在雄蕊和纤维中优势表达;Gh_A12G2480、Gh_D12G2608、Gh_A05G2257和Gh_D05G2516在纤维中优势表达;Gh_A08G1390、Gh_D08G1685、Gh_A12G2663和Gh_D12G2054具有较为广泛的组织表达。逆境胁迫处理试验表明,Gh_A08G1390明显受冷处理和盐处理的诱导,Gh_D12G2054、Gh_D08G1685、Gh_A12G2663基因在不同的胁迫处理下受到不同程度的诱导。     

Ellagic acid attenuates hypoxic-ischemic brain injury by alleviating autophagy

AIM:To investigate whether ellagic acid (EA) attenuates hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) by down-regulating autophagy. METHODS:In vivo, Sprague-Dawley rats (n=17) were randomly divided into 3 groups:5 rats for sham group, 6 rats for HIE group and 6 rats for HIE+EA pretreatment group. The rats in HIE+EA pretreatment group were treated with EA (10 mg/kg, 10 mL/kg, suspended in corn oil, ig). After 24 h of operation, the rats from each group were sacrificed and their brains were collected. TTC staining and HE staining were used to define the infarct areas and brain structure. The autophagy-related proteins beclin-1, P62, LC3-Ⅱ/-I and Atg5 in the cortex in each group were compared by Western blot. In vitro, PC12 cells were divided into 3 groups:control group, CoCl₂ group and CoCl₂+EA pretreatment group. CoCl₂ at 800 μmol/L was added to the PC12 cells to induce an anoxic environment. The PC12 cells were pretreated with EA at 8 μmol/L and the cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. The production of reactive oxidative species (ROS) in the cells was detected by flow cytometry with DCFH-DA staining. MDC staining and TMRE staining were applied to reflect the extent of autophagy and the state of apoptosis, respectively. The autophagy-related proteins in PC12 cells were also investigated. RESULTS:In HIE group, 7-day-old rats were given the operations and the their large infarct areas in the hemisphere were observed by TTC staining. HE staining displayed the injured hemispheres which contained few neurons, and exhibited edema status and serious structural damage. EA pretreatment decreased the infarct area and alleviated the damage to hemisphere with more visible neurons, compared with HIE group. Compared with sham group, the levels of autophagy-related proteins Atg5, beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ/-I in the cortex were increased (P<0.01), and P62 protein expression was decreased (P<0.01) in HIE group. Compared with HIE group, the protein expression of Atg5, beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ/-I was decreased (P<0.01) and P62 protein expression was increased in HIE+EA pretreatment group (P<0.01). In vitro, compared with CoCl₂ group, the PC12 cells in CoCl₂+EA pretreatment group showed a lower ROS level. Moreover, the cells in CoCl₂+EA pretreatment group exhibited higher mitochondrial membrane potential than that in CoCl₂ group. MDC staining in CoCl₂ group showed high value of fluorescence and increased number of autophagosomes. EA pretreatment reduced the number of autophagosomes and the extent of autophagy to protect PC12 cells. Furthermore, the protein levels of Atg5, beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ/-I in CoCl₂ group were higher (P<0.01), and the protein expression of P62 was lower (P<0.01) than those in control group. In CoCl₂+EA pretreatment group, the protein levels of Atg5, beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ/-I were decreased (P<0.01) and the protein expression of P62 was increased as compared with CoCl₂ group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION:EA pretreatment attenuates autophagy to protect the neurons against HIE injury.     

干旱胁迫下褪黑素对小麦幼苗生长、光合和抗氧化特性的影响

为探究褪黑素对小麦幼苗抗旱性的调节作用,明确褪黑素提高小麦抗旱能力的作用途径,以小麦水地品种西农9871为材料,通过盆栽试验,分析了干旱胁迫下根施褪黑素（100 μmol·L^-1）对小麦幼苗生长、光合特性及活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫抑制了小麦的生长,降低了叶片叶绿素含量、气孔导度、净光合速率及PSⅡ最大光化学效率,导致过氧化氢（H₂O₂）与丙二醛（MDA）积累增加及抗氧化酶活性、抗氧化剂含量升高。在干旱胁迫下根施褪黑素可增加小麦幼苗的生物量和根冠比,维持较高的相对叶片含水量、叶绿素含量、净光合速率及光化学效率,并进一步提高过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及抗坏血酸（ASA）和谷胱甘肽（GSH）的含量,减少了H₂O₂ 与MDA的积累。复水后,根施褪黑素处理的小麦幼苗生长表现出较快的恢复能力。以上结果说明,在干旱胁迫下,褪黑素通过增加根冠比,促进水分吸收,改善叶片的水分状况,并通过增强抗氧化能力,减轻氧化伤害。褪黑素处理的植株表现出较好的水分状况和较轻的氧化伤害,有利于其维持较高的光合能力,从而提高小麦幼苗的抗旱性及恢复生长的能力。     

黄土丘陵区沙棘林几个水分生理生态特征研究

为探讨沙棘对半干旱黄土丘陵区水分条件的适应性,1998年对沙棘的水分生理生态及抗旱性进行了分析研究.试验结果表明(1)沙棘适应半干旱黄土丘陵区生境形成了耐旱、御旱的双重抗旱方式.在旱季,沙棘体内束缚水含量随干旱加剧而上升,束缚水与自由水比值随干旱加剧而增大,叶片维持较高的含水量,蒸腾减弱,叶水势降低,临界饱和亏增大,表现出较强的抗旱性.(2)沙棘光合速率具明显的日变化,1000 1200出现第1次峰值,1400 1500出现第2次峰值.沙棘光合速率与环境因子(气温、相对湿度和光合有效辐射)间有显著的相关关系,相关系数为0.8466 0.9351,其中光合有效辐射对光合速率影响最显著,气温次之,相对湿度最小;沙棘光合速率与气孔导度及细胞间CO2浓度间有十分显著的相关关系,相关系数为0.9852 0.9856.(3)沙棘蒸腾速率与气孔导度具明显的日变化,两者的变化趋势相似,5、7月日变化曲线呈单峰型,6、8、9月日变化曲线呈双峰型.在生长季(5-     

低温胁迫下戊唑醇和苯醚甲环唑种子包衣对玉米种子出苗和幼苗的影响

为研究低温胁迫下种子包衣对玉米种子出苗和幼苗生长的影响,以适宜温度(25℃/20℃,白天/晚上,下同)处理为对照,对不同剂量包衣的玉米种子进行低温胁迫。研究结果表明,戊唑醇和苯醚甲环唑种子包衣在适宜温度下对玉米种子出苗具有促进作用,能提高玉米幼苗植株的叶绿素含量,对玉米幼苗的株高和鲜重没有抑制作用。但在17℃/6℃、15℃/0℃、10℃/0℃低温胁迫下,戊唑醇和苯醚甲环唑均能抑制种子出苗和幼苗生长,加剧低温胁迫导致的膜脂质过氧化作用和对叶绿体的分解。但用苯醚甲环唑处理玉米种子比用戊唑醇更安全,前者能抑制低温胁迫导致的叶片细胞内电解质外渗,后者却会加剧电解质的外渗。比较玉米幼苗根系的呼吸作用也可以发现,苯醚甲环唑比戊唑醇更有利于玉米幼苗补偿和修复低温胁迫所致的伤害。