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21.
    
Silicon(Si) has been supplied to plants via application of calcium silicate to soil; however, high doses of calcium silicate are required because of its low solubility. Nanoparticles can reduce Si doses and be applied to seeding furrows. This study investigated the effects of liquid Si sources, i.e., highly soluble silicate(115.2 g L~(-1) Si and 60.5 g L~(-1) Na_2O) and nanosilica( 200 nm), on Si uptake by rice plants, plant lignification, plant C:N:P stoichiometry, plant physiology, and grain yield using an Oxisol under greanhouse condistions. The treatments included the application of nanosilica and soluble silicate to seeding furrows at Si doses of 0, 605, 1 210,and 2 420 g ha~(-1). Plant uptake and treatment effects were evaluated by measuring C and lignin contents, Si, N, and P accumulation,physiological characteristics, and grain yield of rice. The deposition of silica bodies and amorphous silica in the flag leaves was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Application of liquid Si increased Si accumulation in rice by 47.3% in relation to the control(0 g ha~(-1) Si), regardless of the Si sources used. Nanosilica application increased leaf lignin content by 112.7% when compared to that in the control. Silicon moderately affected the net C assimilation(increased by 1.83%) and transpiration rates(increased by 48.3%);however, Si influenced neither plant growth nor grain yield of rice. These results are explained by the lack of biotic or abiotic stress in rice plants during the experiment. To the best of our knowledge, in Brazilian agriculture, this is the first report on the use of nanosilica as a Si fertilizer and its effect on plant nutrition. This study provides evidence that rice plants absorb and accumulate nanoparticles;however, further studies are required to investigate the use of nanoparticles in other plant species.  相似文献   
22.
生态化学计量学是当前全球变化生态学和生物地球化学循环新的研究热点和焦点.为了研究宁夏典型草原不同恢复措施对优势植物地上部分C、N、P化学计量特征的影响,以不同恢复措施宁夏典型草原为研究对象,对长芒草、阿尔泰狗哇花、冷蒿等优势植物的C、N、P化学计量特征进行研究,结果表明:不同恢复措施对优势植物长芒草地上部分有机C含量影响并不显著(P〉O.05),对全N、全P含量有显著影响(P〈O.05),表明恢复措施的不同导致优势植物地上部分N、P分配发生变化;不同恢复措施下,菊科植物对N的敏感度小于禾本科植物对N的敏感度,P素对于菊科植物的影响大于采本科植物;P对植物的限制性显高于N.  相似文献   
23.
    
Afforestation and agroforestry both sequester atmospheric carbon (C) and store C in the soil. However, the response of soil nutrients and soil organic carbon (SOC) to these practices has not been fully examined, especially in deep soil layers. We therefore investigated the effects of afforestation and agroforestry on the nutrient contents and organic carbon (OC) stocks within a 100‐cm depth in eastern China. The soil nutrient contents and stoichiometry as well as the SOC contents and stocks exhibited different vertical patterns and varied among the five planting systems. The total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and SOC contents decreased dramatically at a 20‐cm depth, and the total potassium (TK) content exhibited a different pattern. Compared with adjacent croplands and nurseries, the forest plantation and agroforestry systems had higher SOC stocks, ranging from 42.9 to 111.6 t·hm−2 in the whole soil profile. The SOC distribution among the depth gradient varied among planting systems, and the topsoil SOC stocks played crucial roles in total SOC storage within a depth of 100 cm in the cropland and nursery systems. The soil pH and bulk density (BD) were negatively correlated with the SOC content, and a significant positive linear relationship occurred between the TN and SOC contents and between the TP and SOC contents. We recommend that combinations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers would benefit SOC storage and improve stabilization in agroforestry and plantation systems.  相似文献   
24.
Optimised pre-analytical methods for measuring the chemical properties of soil macro-organisms are needed. We tested the effects of ethanol immersion, freezer storage, and drying method on the reliability of estimates of key stoichiometric elements (carbon [C], nitrogen [N], phosphorus [P]) and abundances of 13C and 15N in samples of crickets (Acheta domestica), cockroaches (Nauphoeta cinerea) and mealworms (larval Tenebrio molitor). Ethanol immersion tended to increase A. domestica C and N, and reduced A. domestica P, relative to the reference treatment (deep freezing and oven drying). For N and P these effects were only present after 28-day ethanol immersion. Nauphoeta cinerea and T. molitor samples were generally unaffected by storage treatments, while δ13C and δ15N were not affected by any storage treatment for any species. Thus, five days of ethanol immersion may be acceptable prior to elemental and stoichiometric analyses of hard-bodied soil invertebrates in comparative studies.  相似文献   
25.
植物生态化学计量是许多过程模型的重要参数,为了解高海拔地区优势物种的生态化学计量特征及其与土壤养分的关系,本文测定祁连山高寒草地生态系统5种优势物种叶片和根系的生态化学计量,分析了其与根际土壤养分的关系.结果表明:随着生长季推移,优势物种叶片总有机碳(Total organic carbon,TOC)含量相对稳定,全氮(Total nitrogen,TN)含量下降,而C∶N和C∶P则增加;大部分物候期下,青藏大戟(Euphorbia altotibetica Paulsen)的TN和全磷(Total phosphorus,TP)含量高于其他优势物种,且C∶N和C∶P低于其他优势物种,而垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans Griseb.)的TN含量低于其他优势物种,且N∶P和C∶P高于其他优势物种;祁连山地区植物生态化学计量受到土壤化学计量的影响,植物生长主要受到N元素的限制.研究结果为相关植被模型和陆面过程模型的参数化提供了重要的基础数据.  相似文献   
26.
以希拉穆仁草原建群种羊草(Leymuschinensis)、短花针茅(Stipa breviflora Griseb)、芨芨草(Achnatherum splendens nevski)及其枯落物为研究对象,通过测定其C、N、P质量分数,并计算生态化学计量比,分析建群种养分限制格局及养分再吸收规律。结果表明:①植物叶片的C、N、P质量分数均值分别为398.74、24.41、1.55 g/kg,枯落物的为362.53、14.79、1.17 g/kg,3种植物叶片的C、N、P质量分数与其枯落物的差异显著(P<0.05)。②植物在枯落之前会将养分转移,防止养分的流失,N、P的养分再吸收效率范围分别在13.51%~77.49%、2.65%~49.51%,N的回流率大于P,进而使其具备了较强的适应干旱环境的能力。③3种植物叶片的N/P、C/N、C/P变化范围分别在11.81~21.70、15.76~16.59、195.47~273.37,枯落物的变化范围分别在7.72~17.05、17.71~64.46、215.43~487.46,3种植物叶片与枯落物的N/P、C/P差异显著(P<0.05)。④植物叶片N/P均值为16.95,枯落物N/P均值为12.31,说明植物的生长主要受P的限制。研究结果可为荒漠草原提供草地管理指导。  相似文献   
27.
为探究杉木纯林引入观光木转化为异龄复层林后土壤理化性质和土壤养分含量的变化特征,以及驱动土壤肥力变化的主要影响因子,以观光木纯林、杉木纯林和杉木林下套种观光木形成的杉木×观光木异龄复层林为对象,测定了3种林型下林分生长、林地土壤理化性质和养分含量及其化学计量比等指标,分析杉木×观光木异龄复层林林分结构、林木生长和土壤肥力质量特点。结果表明:1)异龄复层林中观光木和杉木的树高、胸径分别为5.3 m、2.52 cm和18.56 m、20.19 cm,显著高于纯林;2)3种林型间土壤物理性质差异显著。异龄复层林相比较纯林,土壤密度降低4.84%~11.94%,土壤孔隙度分别增加10.29%~22.27%,持水量增加8.62%~34.54%,有效改善了土壤孔隙结构和持水状况。3)各层土壤有机质、全N、全P、全K及速效养分与观光木、杉木纯林均差异显著,土壤养分含量随着土层加深而递减。各养分含量分别比杉木、观光木纯林高出7.87%~41.31%、14.32%~53.57%,各层土壤有机质和养分含量由大到小呈现为:异龄复层林、杉木纯林、观光木纯林。4)异龄复层林中C∶N、C∶P平均值分别为16.62、61.46,均低于杉木和观光木纯林,促进了土壤中N、P的有效释放。因此,在异龄复层林中观光木获得更适宜其生长的良好的遮阴环境,2个树种间形成生态位互补,提高了空间和自然资源的利用率,促进了树木生长。异龄复层林能显著提高土壤有机碳和养分含量,且明显高于纯林,在杉木林中套种观光木能加快土壤微生物的转化和矿化作用。  相似文献   
28.
研究植被和土壤生态化学计量及其耦合关系,是解析气候变化背景下草地植被养分动态平衡和能量流动的重要途径.本研究以宁夏固原云雾山典型草原为研究对象,采用控雨-滴灌装置模拟3个降水梯度(自然降水的50%,100%和 150%),分析了植物叶片、根系、凋落物及土壤的碳(Carbon,C)、氮(Nitrogen,N)、磷(Pho...  相似文献   
29.
干旱区湿地在改善地区生态环境,维护地区生态稳定等方面发挥着重要作用,研究干旱区湿地土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)等元素的生态化学计量学特征,有助于深入了解干旱区湿地土壤养分的供给能力及循环与平衡机制。本文以河西走廊西段,疏勒河中下游的草本沼泽(T1)和季节性咸水沼泽(T2)土壤为研究对象,分析了这两种沼泽湿地土壤C、N、P生态化学计量学特征及其影响因素。结果表明:①0~100 cm土壤C/N、N/P、C/P均为T2(15.07,5.94,98.01)>T1(12.49,2.50,30.22);随土层深度的增加,土壤C/N、N/P、C/P均在T1有两个峰值(0~10 cm和中间层),T2有一个峰值(中间层)。②0~100 cm土壤C/N、N/P、C/P空间变异性大,且均为T2>T1。③T1和T2土壤的N/P与土壤水分呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),C/P与土壤水分、全N呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与碱解N呈显著正相关(P<0.05);T2土壤C/N、N/P、C/P与土壤容重呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),C/N与土壤水分呈极显著的正相关(P<0.01),N/P与土壤有机C呈显著正相关(P<0.05);T1土壤N/P与土壤有机C呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。④土壤水分是影响两种沼泽湿地土壤C、N、P计量比的关键因子。因此,保护干旱区湿地土壤关键在于采取合理的节水用水措施,该结果可为干旱区湿地土壤保护、管理以及生态恢复提供科学依据。  相似文献   
30.
为了了解平茬对灌丛群落草本植物的影响,本文以内蒙古典型草原小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla Lam)群落为研究对象,设置了不平茬、一年平茬1次和一年平茬2次共3种处理,分析了平茬前后群落特征与植被化学计量特征的变化。结果表明:与未平茬相比,两种平茬处理下群落内禾本科植物密度均显著增加,平茬第二年禾本科生物量显著高于未平茬处理;平茬后两年内草地群落物种多样性指数随平茬次数增加均有增加趋势,且一年平茬2次处理时,Margalef丰富度指数显著高于未平茬处理;草本群落总生物量随平茬次数增加呈现先下降后增加的变化趋势;平茬后植被C、N含量、C/N比无显著变化,但植被N/P比显著增加。可见,平茬处理改变了小叶锦鸡儿群落的结构特征,提高了群落物种多样性及禾本科植物的密度,有助于典型草原的植被恢复。  相似文献   
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