汽车前围上部总成结构设计

汽车外部造型给购买者及使用者带来视觉上的美感与成就感,但汽车车身内部结构往往不被人关注,车身内部结构在整车中占据着重要的地位,也是必不可少的组成部分。前围上总成是车身系统重要的组成部分之一,车身前围上部总成对保证车身的扭转刚度、改善座舱舒适环境和提高撞车时的安全性等起着重要的作用。以下详细阐述前围上部总成的结构形式、功能、设计注意事项,以及前围上部总成在车身中的作用．并介绍前围上部总成的基本设计过程,     

基于ANSYS的耕整机机架有限元分析

机架是耕整机上的重要结构,其品质好坏直接影响着耕整机的使用寿命。应用CATIA实现了耕整机机架模型的参数化建模,分析了耕整机工作时的受力情况,用有限元分析软件ANSYS完成对耕整机机架的有限元模型建立和强度、刚度分析,得到了机架的应力分布情况,对应力大的结构提出了改进措施,改进后效果较好。     

液压阀口二级节流特性

为了研究阀口二级节流特性,分析了U型、V型及其组合形式节流槽的几何特征,并在此基础上简化计算其节流面积,得出以阀口开度X为自变量的节流截面面积比,发现对于U型槽随着阀口开度X的变化其最小节流截面存在着转移现象,而V型槽则不存在.另外引入空化气蚀指数σ,计算以阀口开度为自变量的U型槽和V型槽空化气蚀特性函数并做出了气蚀指数曲线,分析节流槽进出口压力变化时空化气蚀特性的变化并通过试验验证,发现U型槽随着阀口开度的变化空化气蚀剧烈区的位置会发生相应的转移,而V型槽则不发生变化;当U型和V型槽的液流进出口翻转时,其气蚀指数的大小会发生明显的变化.由节流槽刚度计算式推导了U、V型节流槽的刚度理论计算式,并得出了在不同进出口压力差和不同阀口开度下的刚度曲线,研究结果为工程人员设计高性能液压阀提供了一定的理论依据.     

仿生变刚度关节设计与试验

变刚度关节是一种具有本质柔顺性的机器人机构,能够提高机器人与人交互作用时的安全性。本文设计了一种采用弹簧片的机械式仿生变刚度关节,利用差动轮系实现关节位置与刚度的独立控制。基于弹簧片大挠度变形,在关节中采用的2种弹簧片末端施力结构对刚度特性的影响进行分析,仿真结果表明,末端施力结构对偏转时的刚度变化有较大影响。对变刚度关节样机的刚度性能进行试验,试验结果与仿真结果一致,表明该关节具有较大的刚度变化范围,并且2种末端施力结构可以分别满足持续高刚度和碰撞安全性的应用要求。     

Comparison of wood,fibre and vessel properties of drought-tolerant eucalypts in South Africa§

Three drought-tolerant eucalypt genotypes have been investigated for a broad spectrum of properties to provide a basis for comparison on their suitability for various end-uses. The genotypes included were a Eucalyptus grandis × E. camaldulensis hybrid, E. gomphocephala and E. cladocalyx, selected based on previous studies that indicated good potential to tolerate arid conditions, reasonably good volume growth and straightness of stems. In this study, information was added on differences between species and parts of stems in growth (volume and biomass) and properties of wood (density and stiffness), fibres (dimensions and microfibril angle) and vessels (size and numbers). We found high wood densities and stiffness values for E. cladocalyx and E. gomphcephala, making them suitable for construction wood. Logs from the mid-part of the stem had the best timber properties, as the butt logs showed the highest microfibril angle and lowest wood stiffness due to longitudinal juvenility. Such juvenility was also to some degree observed for wood density and fibre length. The information gained will be especially helpful for selecting species and processing options for small farm and community plantations for producing higher-value products that may be sold to generate much-needed income as well as for local uses, such as fuelwood and charcoal.     

拱形屋面温室纵向抗风分析中的曲梁刚度矩阵模型

研究拱形温室纵向抗风分析中的屋面拱结构。考虑弯扭耦合的影响,在对其几何方程、平衡方程、物理方程分析的基础上,建立了曲梁扭转角和弯曲挠度的控制方程;求得了用基函数向量以及积分常数向量表达的曲梁扭转角和弯曲挠度的解析解;根据位移边界条件,得到了位移系数;根据曲梁内力方程,建立了以矩阵形式表达的刚度平衡方程;经矩阵变换得到了曲梁弯扭分析的刚度矩阵模型以及等效节点力向量。本模型基于梁的刚度平衡方程,采用了精确的解析解,以矩阵形式表达了梁节点位移与节点力之间的关系,利用该模型,可对拱形温室的纵向抗风性能进行分析。     

损伤对板结构振型影响的研究

分析了板结构的局部损伤对结构的低阶以及高阶振型的影响。假设损伤后的低阶振型为原振型乘以修正函数,采用附加刚度描述结构局部刚度的下降,从连续振动方程推导修正函数的形式,并对修正函数进行分析。分析结果表明,板结构的一阶振型具有更好的损伤定位性能,适合应用于构造损伤标识量。     

机器人倾倒碰撞动力学建模与不同刚度下碰撞响应

为了确定刚度对柔性臂倾倒碰撞力的影响,基于混合坐标法建立柔性臂运动学模型,利用假设模态法对柔性变形解耦,基于Hertz接触理论和非线性阻尼理论建立接触碰撞力模型,利用Lagrange方程建立了含碰撞的动力学方程。编写了变步长变精度的四阶Runge-Kutta数值求解算法。对不同刚度下柔性臂的碰撞响应进行仿真,得到了接触力、关节转角、角速度和弹性变形曲线。对比可得,随着抗弯刚度增大,接触力变大且峰值出现的相位提前,且碰撞后柔性臂关节转角变小,弹性变形和角速度的振动都减小;材质结构阻尼对弹性振动变形有明显的抑制。该文所建模型和求解方法有效。     

混流式水轮发电机组横向振动动力响应分析

建立了考虑作用于转子与转轮上不平衡力的大型水轮发电机组振动计算模型,以某混流式水轮发电机组为例,采用有限元法对机组转动部分的动力响应进行了计算和分析,主要讨论了不平衡力的相位差、结构阻尼比、导轴承刚度和转动频率对机组动力响应的影响,在刚性支撑模型基础上改变不平衡力的相位差,在弹性支撑模型基础上改变结构阻尼比和各个导轴承刚度进行了分析比较。计算结果表明不平衡力的相位差、结构阻尼比、导轴承刚度和转动频率对机组动力响应都有着不同程度的影响,为减小机组振动以及优化水轮发电机组支撑结构提供了参考。     

The relationship between in vivo limb and in vitro tendon mechanics after injury: a potential novel clinical tool for monitoring tendon repair

Reasons for performing the study: Highly prevalent superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) injury results in compromised tendon function through fibrosis and high frequency of re‐injury due to altered biomechanical function. This study investigated the consequences of SDF tendinopathy on limb mechanics in relation to the mechanical properties of injured tendon. Objectives: To develop and validate a noninvasive in vivo assessment of tendon mechanics to investigate the effect of recent SDFT injury on limb stiffness index, providing an objective method to assess quality of healing. Hypotheses: Limb stiffness index would reduce as a consequence of SDFT injury and progressively increase during tendon healing and correlate with in vitro mechanical properties of the respective SDFTs. Methods: Kinematic analysis was performed at walk in 10 horses that had sustained career‐ending SDFT injury. Stiffness index was derived from limb force recorded via a series of force plates and measurement of change in metacarpophalangeal joint angle using 3D motion analysis software. Horses were subjected to euthanasia 7 months after injury, the SDFTs removed and subjected to nondestructive in vitro mechanical testing. Results: Limb stiffness index was reduced following SDFT injury in comparison with the contralateral limb and increased during the convalescent period, approximating that of the contralateral limb by 7 months post injury. There was a significant positive correlation between in vivo limb stiffness index and in vitro SDFT stiffness. Clinical relevance: The ability to assess and monitor SDFT mechanical competence through limb stiffness measurement techniques in horses recovering from SDFT injury and the possibility of corroborating this with functional tendon healing may permit a more objective and accurate assessment of optimal tendon repair in the horse. This technique may be a useful method for assessing the efficacy of treatment regimens for tendinopathy and could be utilised to predict time to safe return to performance or re‐injury.