石油储罐防火防爆常见问题的分析

随着国内石油储罐类型和设计构造的不断改进,容量趋于大型化,相应安全技术条件不断完善,但在实际生产过程中, 还存在着许多影响油罐安全运行的问题。从加速 油罐防火防爆问题出发,对生产实践中遇到的一些实际问题进行分析,并提出了预防油罐发生火灾爆炸事故的具体措施。     

基于响应面法优化玉米秸秆酶解条件

以蒸汽爆破玉米秸秆为原料,基于Box-Behnken试验设计,选取MgSO4、吐温80(Tween80)和牛血清白蛋白(BSA)作为酶解体系添加物,采用响应面法优化了玉米秸秆的酶解条件,并建立了数学模型.结果表明,在玉米秸秆酶解体系中,分别添加质量浓度为0.62mg·g-1MgSO4(底物),53.0mg·g-1Tween80(底物),0.48mg·g-1BSA(底物),48h糖化后,还原糖质量浓度从60.05g·L-1提高到73.64g·L-1,比对照提高了22.63％,糖化率质量分数达到理论值的85.38％,并验证了数学模型的有效性,获得较高的还原糖质量浓度.表明添加适量的化学物质,可以显著提高还原糖质量浓度.     

哈密瓜气流膨化干燥工艺的研究

采用二次正交旋转组合试验方法,探讨了包括预干燥处理后哈密瓜片的含水量、膨化温度、停滞时间参数对产品质量的影响规律,并进一步筛选,提出了膨化参数的最适组合。     

有机溶剂提取麦草中木质素的工艺

采用有机溶剂法对汽爆麦草中木质素的提取工艺进行了研究,通过正交试验获得最优的工艺条件,采用Bj(o)rkman法对木质素进行纯化,并利用红外光谱进行检测.结果表明,乙醇提取木质素的最佳工艺条件为乙醇体积分数30％(含lg/L NaOH),反应温度160℃,保温时间15 min,此时木质素得率高达35.26％.红外光谱分析发现此木质素含有3种基本结构,愈创木基、紫丁香基和对-羟基苯丙基,其在结构上较好地保留了各种活性基团,有望成为合成其他化工材料的理想原料.     

Hygrothermolytic wood modification. process description and treatment level characterisation

ABSTRACT

This article describes and explains a relatively unknown thermal wood modification process in pressurised unsaturated steam. Compared to other processes for the thermal conversion of wood, this hygrothermolytic (HGT) process has the unique feature of an additional independent and continuous process variable, enabling the full control of the water activity throughout the entire heating cycle. This process covers the technology gap between dry thermal and hydrothermal processes, offering a potential to optimise between the extreme processes, in search for improved material properties and improved process characteristics. The suitability of four different treatment intensity markers (mass loss, equilibrium moisture content, oxygen/carbon (O/C) atomic ratio and electron spin resonance signal) is tested on beech wood over the entire range from low-pressure (dry) to high-pressure (moist and wet) processes. Each marker has its own merits and different sensitivity for the broad palette of changing physicochemical wood properties during heat treatment, but all methods proved to be useful for routine production quality control. The O/C-ratio has the unique advantage that it provides an absolute thermal treatment level rating, neither requiring a control reference nor the knowledge of the wood species and any of the thermal treatment process details.     

多物质欧拉算法对近水面爆炸的数值模拟

采用多物质欧拉算法，对近水面爆炸进行模拟，计算爆轰产物、水、空气的相互作用过程，得到各流体介质压力、密度等物理量的变化规律以及水柱的形成发展过程。该方法用来分析复杂流体的运动可以得到较好的结果。     

信息爆炸与数据分类

当今社会信息资源非常庞大,信息资源的数据量都是天文数据级的,以至于产生信息资源的信息量爆炸。信息量的爆炸与数据的分类有关,有章可循,分类有序的信息量,按分类排序,天文数据的信息量在规范的分类下,不至于产生信息量爆炸。在完备规范的科学体系下增加数据量可避免产生天文数据量的信息爆炸。     

Preparation of Ammonium‐15N and Nitrate‐15N Samples by Microdiffusion for Isotope Ratio Analysis by Optical Emission Spectrometry

Abstract

A diffusion method for the preparation and measurement of ¹⁵N abundance of ammonium and nitrate in KCl extracts of soil using optical emission spectrometry (OES) was compared with conventional continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). There were highly significant correlations between the values obtained by using OES and IRMS. The 99% confidence interval of the intercept included the value 0 and the 99% confidence interval of the slope included the value 1 for both nitrate and ammonium measurements, suggesting that the results from the two methods did not differ significantly. In another experiment, ¹⁵N values of nitrate and ammonium from soil extracts prepared by using the standard distillation procedures for OES were compared against the microdiffusion preparation method. Again, there was a highly significant correlation between the values: the 95% confidence interval of the intercept included the value 0, and the 95% confidence interval of the slope included the value 1, again suggesting that the two methods did not differ significantly. It was concluded that the diffusion technique is an appropriate and simple method of sample preparation for inorganic N analysis of KCl extracts using OES.     

汽轮机真空度下降的原因分析及预防措施

在现代大型电站凝汽式汽轮机组的热力循环中,凝汽设备是凝汽式汽轮机组的一个重要组成部分,它的工作性能直接影响整个汽轮机组的安全性、可靠性、稳定性和经济性。文章就汽轮机真空度下降的原因分析级预防措施进行了探讨。     

过热蒸汽干燥凝结段的干燥动力学特性

为了深入了解过热蒸汽干燥过程的机理,进而优化干燥操作,开展了褐煤热空气干燥和过热蒸汽干燥对比试验,结果表明:在过热蒸汽干燥的初始阶段存在明显的蒸汽凝结现象,其干燥动力学特性与热空气干燥存在明显不同。通过对过热蒸汽干燥动力学过程的理论分析,研究了过热蒸汽凝结对干燥过程初始阶段的影响。在热空气干燥过程数学模型的基础上,结合过热蒸汽的凝结现象,对过热蒸汽干燥的数学模型进行了改进。经试验结果验证,改进的数学模型具有很好的拟合精度,决定系数大于0.97。研究为优化干燥设备设计和操作条件提供了依据。