液化石油气空混气站危险性评价及安全措施

采用美国DOW（道）化学公司火灾爆炸指数评价方法，对某液化石油气空混气站的固有火灾危险性、监控预警系统及其它消防安全措施进行了分析与评价，对存在的不安全问题，提出了针对性的措施和建议，可作为液化石油气空混站科学管理和安全操作的参考。     

用涡街流量计测量流量时影响准确计量因素的分析与对策

论述了涡街流量计测量流量时，因受压力波动、干湿度变化、振动、压差等因素影响正确计量，并进行了分析，提出了解决的办法。     

岗南水库新增溢洪道防冲连锁齿墙设计与施工

岗南水库新增溢洪道挑流坎下游的防冲连锁齿墙,深埋在具有软弱夹泥层的岩基中,是用以保护抗力体不受冲刷的重要工程措施。设计上通过有限元分析,确定其受力变形及混凝土浇筑的温度控制指标,施工上实行跳仓开挖,并合理选用普氏稳定平衡拱作为开挖断面。采用分段微差爆破、台阶开挖方式和设弹性垫层等爆破减震措施,实现了基本无需支护的安全开挖。仪器监测结果表明,施工爆破对邻近新浇筑混凝土无不利影响,质量符合设计要求。     

油溶性降黏剂降黏性能研究

针对胜利油田现河稠油,研究了7种油溶性降黏剂（Y-1~Y-7）及其复配体系的降黏性能,考察了降黏剂加量、原油含水率对降黏效果的影响,研究了降黏剂对蒸汽驱油效果的影响。结果表明：当油溶性降黏剂质量分数小于5%时,原油降黏率随降黏剂加量的增加而迅速增大,之后增加缓慢,加量为15%时的降黏率可达90%以上(Y-4除外)。Y-3和Y-7按质量比1:1复配后的降黏效果最好,总加量5%、10%时的原油降黏率分别为76.1%和93.14%。不含降黏剂时,随原油含水率增加原油黏度先增加后降低,原油含水50%时的黏度是不含水原油的3.9倍,形成W/O型乳状液。不同含水率下,加入降黏剂后原油黏度大幅降低;随含水率增加,原油降黏率先降低后增加,含水率10%时达到最低（Y-1除外）。稠油蒸汽驱前注入0.009~0.027 PV油溶性降黏剂,采收率增幅为2.8%~6.0%。     

Effects of soil disinfection on health status,growth and yield of strawberry stock plants

Two strawberry nursery field trials comparing soil disinfection with different fumigants (metam sodium, dazomet, chloropicrin, chloropicrin +1,3D) and a steaming system exploiting the exothermic reaction between steam and CaO (Bioflash System™) were conducted in 2010–2012 to evaluate the effect of treatments on Verticillium dahliae Kleb. inhabiting the soil, and on plant health, growth and yield of strawberry daughter plants. Chemical fumigants and the Bioflash System™ decreased the number of V. dahliae colonies in the soil, which corresponded to reduced incidence of Verticillium wilt (efficacy about 80%). The use of chemical fumigants had a positive impact on the size of the mother plants. The surface area covered by plants grown on the treated plots was 1.1–1.7 times larger than plants grown on non-fumigated control plots. The number of runners, as well as daughter plants, produced from plants grown on plots treated with all chemical fumigants was significantly higher than in the non-fumigated control or in the plots treated with the Bioflash System™. The disinfection treatments significantly increased the yield of marketable daughter plants, approximately 1.5–3 times higher in comparison to plants grown on control plots. Steam disinfection with the Bioflash System™ was the least effective treatment in this respect. The differences in marketable plants yield among the chemical fumigants significantly affected the net marginal return and the return on investment of the crop. In this respect, the steam disinfection was economically efficient only in one season. The efficacy in controlling Verticillium wilt even with low doses of metam sodium and dazomet and their influence on yield and quality of daughter plants is confirming the feasibility of these fumigants for strawberry nursery management.     

蒸汽爆破预处理降解香蕉茎秆纤维素组分的研究

分析测试香蕉茎秆总固体含量(TS)和挥发性固体含量(VS)及香蕉茎秆固体剩余物中纤维素、半纤维素、木质素含量;采用蒸汽爆破法对香蕉茎秆进行预处理,探讨不同压力及维压时间下对香蕉茎秆中半纤维素、纤维素、木质素组分的降解程度,分析蒸汽爆破预处理优缺点。试验结果表明,经过蒸汽爆破预处理后,香蕉茎秆的组分被不同程度破坏,当压力为3.5 MPa,维压时间为4 min时,香蕉茎秆中半纤维素含量由预处理前13.33%降至4.36%,降解率高达67.29%,纤维素含量由48.33%降至39.15%,降解率为18.99%,木质素含量由14.62%降至6.52%,降解率为55.40%,总体含量由76.28%降至50.03%,降解率为34.41%。说明蒸汽爆破技术对香蕉茎秆固体剩余物的预处理效果比较显著,有一定的优越性。     

蒸汽式扇贝开壳装置工作参数优化

为了得到蒸汽式扇贝开壳装置蒸汽工作参数的最优匹配,提高扇贝深加工的产品品质,以开壳效果感官评分值为考察目标进行单因素试验,明确影响开壳效果的蒸汽喷射时间、喷射距离和蒸汽排量的最佳取值范围。采用Box-Behnken design试验设计方法进行了扇贝开壳组合试验,建立了扇贝开壳效果感官评分值与喷射时间、喷射距离和蒸汽排量之间的数学模型,并采用响应面优化分析法,得到了蒸汽式扇贝开壳装置的最佳工作参数匹配。结果表明:采用蒸汽发生器,压强控制在0.3~0.4 MPa、温度控制在142.92~151.11℃,当喷射时间设定在3.5 s、喷射距离设定在30 mm和蒸汽排量设定6 mm球阀门开度为90°,扇贝开壳率为93.3%,开壳效果感官评分值为94.53分。该研究为即食扇贝加工设备的设计提供参考。     

微型机在锅炉主蒸汽温度控制系统中的应用

针对电站锅炉主蒸汽温度难以控制的问题,本文设计了一种闭环控制系统。该系统以 TP—86单板计算机为核心,配以适当的外部设备,可实现对锅炉主蒸汽温度的闭环控制。     

玉米芯生物炭饼的太阳能水蒸发性能及其应用

针对太阳能水蒸发技术中的关键核心光热转化材料存在太阳能利用率不高、价格昂贵且制备工艺复杂等问题,该研究提出以农业废弃物玉米芯为生物质原材料制备玉米芯生物炭饼,探究了热解温度对其理化性质的影响及其在太阳能水蒸发中的应用性能。结果表明,玉米芯生物炭（Corncob Biochar,CB）的理化性质受热解温度的影响明显,随着热解温度升高,CB逐渐由大孔主导转向微孔/介孔主导,CB的热稳定性增强,对光的吸收增强。在一个太阳光照强度下（1 kW/m）,CB的太阳能水蒸发速率和表观能量利用率随CB热解温度的升高而增大;相较于250和450℃,650 ℃制备的玉米芯生物炭（CB650）具有最高的水蒸发速率（4.16 kg/(m2·h)）和表观能量利用率（97.8%）;CB650高效太阳能水蒸发性能主要基于其具有较高的光吸收能力（润湿条件下达96.4%）及以微孔为主的孔隙结构通过毛细管力提供适当的水传输,Li离子蒸发试验证实其水蒸发机制为小水团簇形式蒸发。此外,CB650不仅表现出一定的耐用性,且对海水、重金属和染料废水具有优异的水蒸发处理效果。研究结果不仅为玉米芯的资源化和减量化处置提供了新的技术途径,亦为其在太阳能水蒸发技术中的应用提供了必要的理论和技术依据。     

A comparison between the thermomechanical and structural changes in textured PET yarns after superheated steam and dry heat treatment

PET yarns textured at different texturing conditions were treated with superheated steam or dry heat at different temperatures for different times. The effects of the treatment conditions on the thermomechanical and structural changes of the yarn were examined by shrinkage, X-ray diffraction and birefringence measurements. With increase in superheated steam temperature, the crystalline orientation factor and birefringence decreased, whereas crystal size increased. Dry heat treatment had a smaller effect on shrinkage and structural properties in comparison with superheated steam treatment. The additional shrinkage after texturing process was investigated. The effect of heat-setting in both media was more significant at 200 °C. The time dependence of the properties was not linear.