《湖南农业大学学报》论文作者的统计分析

以１９８０－１９９７年的《湖南农业大学学报》为样本,统计分析了科技论文的合著率,文献单元作者系数,论文作者单位间的合作及文献中体现的学科间的渗透情况,揭示了现代科学技术发展中合作科研日益加强的必然趋势。     

作物品种区试资料的非参数度量

 应用秩次变量n#-(ij)和n′#-(ij),非参数统计量Pi、p′I、Si和Dj描述作物品种区域试验资料的基本特征。Pi和P′I是品种Vi的丰产性指数,分别表示产量低于和显著低于Vi的品种的出现率。Si是品种稳定性指数,表示Vi在各种环境中的产量秩次的变异。Dj是环境或试验的鉴别力指数,表示环境Lj中品种间的显著差数的出现率。以一个有9个品种10个地点的区试实例说明上述非参数统计方法。     

关于无偏估计的存在性讨论

本文主要从判决理论的观点出发,给出使用无偏估计的条件,求参数的无偏估计,在损失为严凸的情况下,先找一个完全统计量,再找任一无偏估计＾ｇ（ Ｘ） ,计算条件期望 Ｅ（＾ｇ｜ Ｔ） 即可。     

浅谈0-1分布在解概率论与数理统计题中的应用

本文对0-1分布及0-1分布在解概率论与数理统计题中的应用做了分析与总结.     

Estimation of the spawning grounds of chub mackerel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scomber japonicus</Emphasis> and spotted mackerel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scomber australasicus</Emphasis> in the East China Sea based on catch statistics and biometric data

The spawning grounds of the chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) and spotted mackerel (Scomber australasicus) in the East China Sea were estimated based on catch statistics of the Japanese large- and medium-type purse seine fishery from 1992 to 2006. Biometric data were obtained from specimens caught by purse seiners in the East China Sea from 1998 to 2006. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) at 50% sexual maturity of chub mackerel and spotted mackerel females was 2.5 and 2.6, respectively. Using this criterion for GSI, chub mackerel larger than 275 mm and spotted mackerel larger than 310 mm in fork length were considered to be mature. Mature chub mackerel was observed in the area of 15–22°C sea surface temperature (SST), and mature spotted mackerel was observed in the area of 17–25°C SST. The spawning period of chub mackerel ranged from February to June, and that of spotted mackerel ranged from February to May in the East China Sea. The spawning grounds were estimated from the distributions of catch per unit effort (CPUE) of spawners and SST. As a result, the spawning ground of chub mackerel was estimated to be in the central and southern part of the East China Sea and the area west of Kyushu in February, March, and April, and in the central part of the East China Sea, the area west of Kyushu and Tsushima Straight in May, and in Tsushima Straight and western part of the Sea of Japan in June. The spawning ground of spotted mackerel was estimated to be in the central and southern part of the East China Sea and southern coastal area of Kyushu in February, March, and April, and the central and southern part of the East China Sea and the area west of Kyushu in May.     

1999～2004年中国烟草农业文献计量分析

利用文献计量方法对1999～2004年专业期刊公开发表的烟草农业文献的论文总量的变化趋势、高产作者群、期刊分布、主题分布、地域分布等方面进行了计量分析。以文献资源为依据来看我国近6年来烟草农业的研究与发展。     

南岭泡金山矿产集采区土壤重金属空间分布及风险评价

为探究典型多金属矿产集中开采区土壤重金属分布情况及其潜在风险,以南岭泡金山地区即湘南桥条江小流域矿采区为研究区,采集352个表层土壤样品,对Cr、Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu、Ni和As这7种重金属元素进行测试分析,综合运用数统和地统方法分析研究区整体及不同影响因素下土壤重金属的空间分布特征,并对其进行风险评价。结果表明,研究区表层土壤重金属均受到了不同程度的污染,矿区及其下游沿河地区污染严重,空间变异程度略高,复合污染、点源污染情况突出。土壤重金属含量基本随pH及有机质含量升高而升高;不同土地利用方式下土壤Cr、Ni、Cd含量变化不明显,草地、林地中Pb、Zn、Cu、As含量较高;不同地质背景条件下土壤重金属含量在成矿母岩(花岗岩体)、含矿围岩(D_2s+h)及矿区中下游干流一级阶地(Qx~Ⅰ)含量较高。研究区Cd、Pb、As单元素潜在生态风险水平较高,整体处于低-中等潜在生态风险水平,但矿区及其周边、下游沿河地区潜在生态风险为高或极高等级,可能会对北江流域产生一定影响,应该引起警惕予以重视。     

A bioenergetics model of the entire life cycle of the three‐spined stickleback,gasterosteus aculeatus

A whole life‐cycle bioenergetic model based on the dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory was proposed for the three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). To develop this model, experiments on growth and reproduction were performed: adult and juvenile growth, size at first reproduction and amount of eggs spawned by females were monitored under different feeding levels and temperatures. The DEB parameters were estimated, using Bayesian statistics, based on the data produced during these experiments and on other data found in the literature. The model fitted accurately the different data used for the calibration process and, in addition, predicted accurately the data sets used to assess its predictability. Our bioenergetic model of the whole life cycle of the three‐spined stickleback accounting for environmental variations could contribute in many ways to improved ecological assessment: supporting change of scale from individual to populations; developing new biomarkers of exposure and effect; analysing ecotoxicity tests with biology‐based models.     

基于Markov和GM(1,1)模型的土地利用变化预测

为了探索莱芜市土地利用变化规律,论文分别基于Markov模型与GM(1,1)模型对莱芜市进行了2015-2050年土地利用变化预测,分析讨论了预测结果。结果表明:(1)2种预测模型得出各地类变化趋势一致,短期内相应年份预测值吻合度高,说明短期内预测结果可信,中长期预测的趋势可作参考。(2)耕地在2015-2020年之间基本保持不变,2020-2050年呈小幅度减少趋势;而园地、林地、草地自始至终都为减少趋势,其中草地的减少幅度最大;城镇村及工矿用地、交通运输用地为增加趋势,其中城镇村及工矿用地增幅最大;水域及水利设施用地、其他土地略有减少,幅度很小。2种模型预测的短期内预测结果是可信的,可为莱芜市土地利用规划提供科学依据,预测方法可为土地利用变化预测提供参考。     

Comparison of New Ultrasonic Digestion Approaches for Plant Matrices in the Analysis of Trace Metals by Inductively Coupled Plasma–Optical Emission Spectroscopy Analysis: Contrast with USEPA Method 3050B

An ultrasonic method using two approaches, A and B, along with a reference Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 3050B [i.e., a mixture of 30 mL of nitric acid–hydrochloric acid–hydrogen peroxide–water (HNO₃-HCl-H₂O₂-H₂O)] were contrasted for leaching of a plant matrix. The trace metals were arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, mercury, manganese, nickel, lead, selenium, and zinc (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn) and quantified by ICP-OES followed by an investigation into residue formation and the impact of digestion time. Approach B was the most accurate and precise with percent recoveries ranging between 99 and 120%, whereas ultrasonic approach A and the USEPA method 3050B gave similar results with poor accuracies and precisions. In the optimization of the digestion time using approach B, the total metal recovery was fairly the same over a period of 120 min except for Cr and Cu, which showed slight variations.