基于CWT-RF模型估算博斯腾湖湖滨绿洲土壤有机碳含量

为实现博斯腾湖湖滨绿洲土壤有机碳含量的快速估算,结合实测的土壤高光谱数据与土壤有机碳数据,通过连续小波变换(CWT)进行土壤光谱数据预处理,利用相关系数法(CC)、连续投影算法(SPA)、竞争自适应重加权采样(CARS)、遗传算法(GA)筛选的特征波段作为建模输入量,构建随机森林(RF)模型。结果表明：研究区土壤有机碳含量平均值随土层深度增加由12.36 g/kg降低至10.49 g/kg,变异系数平均值为69.62%,空间异质性较强;CWT变换可以有效提高不同土层深度土壤有机碳含量与光谱反射率间的相关性,不同土层深度相关系数均值平均提升约22.41%;光谱数据经过CWT变换构建的模型精度明显提升,RF模型验证集R²与RPD分别平均提高7.09%、10.06%。CC、CARS、SPA、GA方法能消除光谱信息冗余,有效降低CWT-RF模型的输入量与RMSE值,土层深度0～20、20～40、40～60和60～80 cm筛选的特征波段平均压缩至全波段数目分别为8.51%、5.38%、2.21%和3.67%;RMSE值分别平均降低111.67%、135.61%、12.25...     

基于盐胁迫的小麦农艺性状多样性分析及评价

为筛选耐盐性优良的小麦资源,在0、0.3%和0.5%NaCl处理下,对黄淮麦区的132个小麦品种的8个数量性状进行了遗传多样性、相关性、主成分分析和耐盐性评价。结果表明,供试材料具有丰富的遗传多样性,且随盐浓度的升高,被测指标的变异系数和遗传多样性指数逐渐增大,其中单株成穗数、穗下茎节长和单株产量的变异系数均大于10%;除株高外,其他性状的遗传多样性指数均大于2。相关分析表明,在高盐(0.5%NaCl)胁迫下,株高与单株产量极显著正相关,而在低盐(0.3%NaCl)胁迫下则相关不显著;在低盐胁迫下,千粒重与单株产量极显著正相关,而在高盐胁迫下相关性不显著。主成分分析表明,在低盐、高盐胁迫下,前4个主成分累计贡献率达到82.677%、88.897%。以综合耐盐指数为依据,发现河北省的衡4399、石麦15,山东省的青麦6号、青丰1号、青农2号和烟农5286,河南省的洛旱6号、郑麦366、周麦22号、周麦23号和周麦28号共11个品种在两种盐分条件下均表现为耐盐性强。结合田间群体表现和产量,认为周麦22号、洛旱6号、郑366、青农2号、烟5286和衡4399为高产耐盐小麦种质资源,可在耐盐育种工作中加以利用。     

Effects of Exogenous Materials on Nitrogen Photosynthetic Efficiency and Yield Formation of japonica Rice in Cold Region Under Cold Water Stress at Booting Stage

【Objective】Our goal is to develop disaster-reducing, production-preserving and chemical-controlling cultivation techniques to effectively resist cold damage at the booting stage of japonica rice in cold region.【Method】The split plot design and the central combination test design were used to screen out the optimal application concentrations of CaCl2, glutamic acid(Glu), and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA) through the membership function values of yield-related indicators under cold-water stress at booting stage.【Result】1) Under cold water stress at the booting stage, the optimal concentrations of exogenous CaCl2, Glu and GABA (CGG) were 1.87 mmol/L, 2.76 mg/L, 4.40 mmol/L, respectively and the average membership function value is the largest (0.932). 2) Compared with normal irrigation, the nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency of cold-region japonica rice decreased under cold stress at the booting stage. Compared with cold water stress at the booting stage, CGG application at the optimal concentration significantly increased the leaf area index (5.37%) and nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency (4.53%) of Dongnong 428 at the full heading stage; significantly increased leaf biomass per leaf area (2.56%) and leaf area index (3.39%) of Songjing 10 at the full heading stage. 3) Compared with cold water stress at the booting stage, the application of the optimal concentration of CGG increased the dry matter accumulation from heading stage to maturity in the cold-region japonica rice, but it was still lower than that of the normal irrigation, and there were differences between varieties and treatments. 4) Compared with cold water stress at booting stage, the yield and yield components of cold-region japonica rice increased with the application of the optimal concentration CGG, and the impact on cold-sensitive varieties was more significant. 5) Compared with the cold water stress at the booting stage, the average increase in temperature production efficiency of Dongnong 428 and Songjing 10 was 5.55% and 23.72% under the optimal concentrations of CGG, respectively. The contribution rate of exogenous CGG to the gap of temperature production efficiency is 8.99%.【Conclusion】The application of the optimal concentration of CGG under cold water stress at the booting stage promoted leaf growth of cold-region japonica rice at the full heading stage and increased the population nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency, which was beneficial to dry matter accumulation and yield formation after heading stage, thereby reducing the loss of cold-region japonica rice under cold water stress at booting stage and improving the temperature production efficiency of cold-region japonica rice.     

南疆棉区棉花利用氟节胺打顶技术试验

为探讨南疆棉区棉花化学打项技术,以减轻棉花栽培的劳动强度,作者于2013年在新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所试验基地,利用烟草抑芽剂氟节胺进行棉花化学打顶试验。结果表明：施用氟节胺处理与对照相比,在一定程度上可有效控制棉株的生长;其产量略低于对照,株高高于对照,果枝层数增加,但空果枝数、脱落数增多;绒长变短,不孕籽率增多,单铃重量轻。     

生态公益林管护存在的问题及对策

通过查阅生态公益林的相关文献,总结了生态公益林在宏观和微观方面管理存在的问题,并从健全体系、普及知识、补偿机制等方面提出了加强生态公益林管护对策。     

阿克苏地区经济发展与建设用地集约利用耦合研究

以阿克苏地区的经济发展与建设用地集约利用的两个子系统为研究对象,基于二者与社会协同理论,同时运用熵值法、统计分析、系统评价和耦合模型等方法对其进行研究。建立阿克苏地区经济发展与建设用地耦合模型,然后对耦合关系进行探讨,揭示经济发展与建设用地集约利用的关系。研究结果表明,阿克苏地区经济发展和建设用地集约利用水平都较低;经济发展—建设用地集约利用系统中两子系统在反正切函数模型中的协调性越来越差;两子系统在经济和建设用地集约利用水平较低时高度耦合,阿克苏地区的经济水平较建设用地集约利用水平快速发展,建设用地集约水平急需改善。     

施钾对河西绿洲灌区啤酒大麦产量和品质的影响

为给优质啤酒大麦生产中合理施用钾肥提供依据,研究了施钾对河西绿洲灌区啤酒大麦产量和品质的影响,并对其经济效益进行了分析。结果表明,在固定氮磷和平衡微量元素的情况下,施用一定量的钾肥能显著提高该地区啤酒大麦的产量和经济效益,当施K2O 150 kg/ha时,啤酒大麦的产量和纯收入最高,分别为6 067 kg/ha和5 796元/ha,较对照增产24.1%,增收1 271元/ha。一定量的钾肥能显著提高啤酒大麦的粗蛋白含量,但对千粒重的提高不显著。     

基于分数阶微分视频融合的森林烟火检测算法

森林火灾检测是国内外林业应用研究的重要课题之一。及时准确地检测到森林火灾,对于森林健康及环境安全意义重大。现有的利用视频技术检测森林火灾的方法大多针对单一波段,如可见光波段或红外波段的视频信息进行分析,然而在实际应用过程中,由于森林环境复杂,基于单一波段视频信息检测火灾的结果欠佳。现阶段,基于多个波段的森林火灾检测方法非常少。本文综合利用红外及可见光视频特征,提出了一种基于分数阶微分视频融合的森林烟火检测算法,将分数阶微分理论引入红外视频和可见光视频融合中,利用分数阶微分算子对两个波段视频进行融合,然后利用背景去除法检测融合视频中的异常帧,且对异常帧图像及其与背景帧的差分图像分别进行图像分割,最终得到检测出的森林烟火区域。采用空间频率、平均梯度、森林火灾检测准确率和森林火灾检测时间误差度4个测度对本文算法和基于区域能量融合算法、基于窗口方差融合算法、基于HSI变换融合算法进行定量分析和比较。结果表明,本文算法的融合视频的融合效果最佳,并且森林火灾检测准确率和森林火灾检测时间误差均明显优于其他3种算法,说明本文提出的算法具有较好的有效性和准确性,为森林火灾检测提供了有利的新途径。      

Molecular typing of Streptococcus agalactiae isolates from fish

The genetic variability among Streptococcus agalactiae isolates recovered from fish was characterized using single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of the intergenic spacer region (ISR), and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting. A total of 46 S. agalactiae cultures isolated from different fish species and geographic origins as well as related reference strains were included in the study. ISR-SSCP divided the S. agalactiae isolates analysed into five distinct genotypes. Genotype 1 grouped all Kuwait isolates while genotype 4 clustered the majority of non-Kuwait isolates (USA, Brazil and Honduras). AFLP analysis offered a higher resolution level by dividing the isolates into 13 different genotypes. Two different AFLP profiles were identified within the Kuwait isolates. When data from both ISR-SSCP and AFLP were combined through a multidimensional analysis (MDS), a good correlation between geographical origin and genotypes was observed. Both AFLP and ISR-SSCP revealed genetic differences between S. agalactiae isolates from fish. While AFLP offered a higher resolution, ISR-SSCP also provided valid information being a simpler and faster method.     

凡纳滨对虾血蓝蛋白酚氧化酶活性的研究

试验结果表明,凡纳滨对虾血蓝蛋白在胰蛋白酶诱导下可表现出一定的酚氧化酶活性,与对照组相比,其酚氧化酶活力单位显著上升。同时,其活性可被D-半乳糖、α-葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、甘露醇和N-乙酰神经氨酸不同程度地抑制,其抑制率分别为67%、100%、33%、33%、67%和100%。血蓝蛋白与胰蛋白酶孵育后经SDS-PAGE分析和L-Dopa显色,其75 kDa单体呈明显的棕褐色,添加抑制剂N-乙酰神经氨酸之后,其显色强度显著减弱。由此进一步证实凡纳滨对虾血蓝蛋白在胰蛋白酶诱导下确实具有酚氧化酶活性,其活性可被不同的糖所抑制,其发挥活性的单体为75 kDa单体。