一种新环保节能型软启动器系统

介绍了一种以80C196KC单片机为核心，利用晶闸管交流调压电路来实现的环保节能型电机软启动器系统的原理、结构和应用，并给出了系统的软硬件设计。该系统结构简单，参数调整灵活，能平滑、无级地起动三相异步电动机，是一种集电机软起动、软停车、轻载节能和多种保护功能于一体的新颖电机控制装置.     

起动机控制电路的改进

选用起动机转速信号为负反馈信号来控制起动机电压占空比,从而控制起动机通电电流的大小。设计出了起动机在起动时进入啮合前能够使起动机缓慢旋转的控制电路,保证起动机能够正常起动发动机。     

Corn Hybrid Response to Starter Fertilizer Combinations

ABSTRACT

Research has shown that some corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids grown under reduced tillage conditions respond to starter fertilizer containing nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), while others do not. This research studied variability of responsiveness among corn hybrids to starter fertilizer containing a more complete complement of nutrients. The experiment was conducted from 1996 to 1998 on a producer's field near Scandia, KS, on a Carr sandy-loam soil (coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive calcareous, mesic Typic Udifluvents). The response of four corn hybrids (Pioneer 3563, Pioneer 3346, DeKalb 591, and DeKalb 646) to starter fertilizer combinations containing N, P, potassium (K), sulfur (S), and zinc (Zn) was evaluated. In all three years of the experiment, starter fertilizer containing N and P consistently increased grain yield, reduced the number of thermal units needed from emergence to maturity, decreased grain-moisture content at harvest, and increased total P uptake (grain plus stover at maturity) of Pioneer 3346 and DeKalb 591, but had no effect on Pioneer 3563 and DeKalb 646. Addition of S to the starter mix produced additional yield increases for Pioneer 3346 and DeKalb 591, whereas addition of K and Zn to the starter did not show any additional yield benefit for these two hybrids. Grain yield of Pioneer 3563 and DeKalb 646 was not improved by starter fertilizer, regardless of the elemental composition. When no starter fertilizer was applied, early-season root development was greater in Pioneer 3563 and DeKalb 646 than in the other two hybrids. However, the addition of starter fertilizer increased numbers of roots and depth of rooting in Pioneer 3346 and DeKalb 591 but had no effect on Pioneer 3563 and DeKalb 636. Results showed starter fertilizer benefited grain yield for two hybrids. Grain yield of the other two hybrids, however, was not influenced by starter, regardless of which nutrients were supplied. This response may be attributed to differences in root-growth characteristics of the hybrids. The two responsive hybrids did, however, yield an average of 0.75 mg ha^?1 greater than the two non-responsive hybrids. This result indicates it is unlikely that all of the yield loss from not using a starter can be avoided by hybrid selection.     

Genotype and hormonal effects on callus formation and regeneration in mulberry

Summary Twenty-five mulberry genotypes were studied for callus induction, to evaluate the effectiveness of hormones in promoting callus growth and to identify genotypes capable of regenerating plants. Fifteen genotypes showed callus initiation. Genotypic variation was also noted for longevity and rate of growth of callus cultures. Calli of different genotypes were maintained for more than one year. Frequency of callus initiation was high on Murashige & Skoog's modified medium incorporated with 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D, 100 mg/l casein acid hydrolysate and 150 ml/l coconut water. Regeneration through organogenesis was achieved in six genotypes indicating genotypic specificity.     

Development of methods using phytoalexin (resveratrol) assessment as a selection criterion to screen grapevine in vitro cultures for resistance to grey mould (Botrytis cinerea)

Summary The purpose of this research was, firstly to determine the ability of grapevine in vitro cultures to synthesize resveratrol, a stilbene-type phytoalexin that is considered to be a good marker for resistance of grapevines to Botrytis cinerea, the causal organism for grey mould. Secondly, this study sought to establish the relationship between phytoalexin production potential and resistance to Botrytis cinerea in grapevines. In this aim, resveratrol production was assessed in 13 Vitis species or cultivars. A good correlation appeared between resveratrol production by grapevine in vitro cultures and grey mould resistance except for two Vitis spp. for which no correlation was observed, thus suggesting that resistance of grapevines may sometimes be associated with factors other than stilbene phytoalexins. In view of the results obtained, the potential use of resveratrol induction and of in vitro methods as a tool for screening grapevines for resistance to B. cinerea was discussed.     

基于中西不同文化背景下的生命观探微——以挪亚方舟和大禹治水故事为例

整个人类发展的历史就是一部不断与灾难斗争,在灾难中成长的历史。面对灾难其实就是面对生命问题。洪水作为远古人类都曾面对的灾难之一,灾难背后折射的是不同民族在不同文化心理下对待生命的态度。从广为人知的基督教挪亚方舟的故事和我国大禹治水故事中可以探寻中西两大文化背景下人们的生命观。     

犊牛开食料的研制及其犊牛生长发育规律的研究(一)

本次试验用我们所研制的犊牛开食料进行了犊牛早期断奶,并对犊牛生长发育进行了对比试验研究。将黑白花犊牛分为试验组(早期断奶组)和对照组(常规断奶组)。试验组哺乳期为10～42日龄,育成期为43～91日龄。对照组哺乳期为10～91日龄。两组观察期为92～182日龄。犊牛开食料的干物质含量为91.6％、粗蛋白质为20.52％、粗纤维为3.87％。在10～42日龄时平均日增重试验组为606.77g、对照组为518.49g,两组间差异显著(P<0.05);在43～91日龄时平均日增重试验组为1019.78g。对照组为821.09g,组间差异显著(P<0.05);在整个试验期(10～91日龄)的日增重试验组均高于对照组,差异显著(P<0.05)。体尺各部位增长试验组均高于对照组,尤其是腹围增长较快,10～42日龄时组间差异显著(P<0.05),可见早期断奶犊牛反刍胃的发育得到了明显提前。182日龄时,试验组体重为204.5kg、对照组为199.0kg,两组牛平均日增重较接近,差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

应用排斥性培养物控制鸡肠道沙门氏菌的定居

本文系综述近十年来,国外应用细菌在宿主消化道内特定部位的竞争性排斥现象——犹似病毒的干扰现象,在实验上和生产实践上对家禽肠道传染病的预防及控制。     

东北玉米化肥减施增效技术途径探讨

减肥增效是提高我国玉米竞争力、保护生态环境的重大需求。论文重点以东北玉米为研究对象,从玉米养分需求规律、养分高效品种的节肥潜力、化肥高效施用的4R技术、化肥的有机替代技术等方面论述减肥增效的技术途径。研究表明,东北地区每生产100 kg玉米籽粒产量的平均N、P_2O_5、K_2O的需求量范围分别为1.56—1.89、0.60—0.88和1.27—2.30 kg;吐丝后对氮磷的需求量分别占全生育期需求量的20%—30%和20%—40%,对籽粒氮磷的贡献率分别为20%—30%和30%—38%。在目前东北土壤生产力状况下,实现玉米12 000 kg·hm~(-2)的产量水平平均氮肥投入量约为180 kg·hm~(~(-2))。应用不同类型新型肥料的节约氮肥潜力为9—25 kg·hm~(-2),应用磷酸二铵和硫酸铵+过磷酸钙做启动肥可以促进苗期生长。应用高地隙追肥机可以有效延长追肥的适宜期,有利于使"养分供应匹配养分需求"。滴灌施肥技术适宜在风砂质地土壤及干旱频繁发生地区推广,实现增产19%—128%,产量可达12 000—13 000 kg·hm~(-2)。地下滴灌施肥技术增产效果相同,应该大力推广。利用主动冠层传感器Greenseeker,可以在春玉米V5-V8期很好地估测叶面积指数、地上部生物量以及植株吸氮量,并应用于变量、精准的氮肥推荐。因地制宜地应用秸秆还田技术,可以节省肥料投入,提升土壤质量。其中秸秆覆盖条耕技术(Strip-till)可以协调传统耕作与免耕的优点,有很好的应用前景。未来应该从农民实际应用的角度出发,将技术研究与技术推广相结合,针对不同的栽培耕作技术模式,建立农民可应用、或在不久的将来可应用的技术规程,实现大面积应用,达到区域性减肥增效的目标。     

解析儒道文化对胶东民居的影响

从分析儒教文化、道教文化对胶东民居的影响入手,着重分析了＂中庸之道＂对胶东民居建筑格局的影响、仁爱礼制对胶东民居空间序列的影响,指出儒教文化强化了空间的等级秩序和内外界域以及庭院布局的对称格局和有序节奏;同时还分析了道教文化在胶东村落形成方面的影响,突出了胶东民居＂以天合天＂、＂自然而然＂、＂无为而治＂、＂顺乎天性＂的自然哲学观。以对现存民居的实地调研为依据,挖掘传统民居中普遍而朴素的文化价值、现实意义及可持续性,以期为新民居设计提供理论及实践依据。