乐业豆豉主要发酵微生物的筛选 鉴定及发酵性能研究

通过涂布分离和感官评定从广西乐业传统细菌型豆豉中分离和筛选出豆豉的主要发酵微生物DC8,经 形态特征、16S rDNA 序列比对及系统发育分析鉴定,菌株DC8 为枯草芽胞杆菌枯草亚种（Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis)。菌株DC8 的发酵性能较好,发酵制备的豆豉风味好,纤溶酶活性、DPPH 自由基清除活性、游离氨基酸含量 和酸可溶性多肽含量高,分别达到59.49(依2.37) IU/g、0.87(依0.07) mg Trolox/g、21.77(依1.31) mg/g 和46.14(依2.58) mg/g。结果 表明,菌株DC8 是制备细菌型豆豉的良好菌种。     

柴油/甲醇组合发动机燃烧压力特性研究

采用柴油/甲醇组合燃烧(DMCC)方式对增压共轨发动机进行缸内燃烧压力特性研究。对比分析了DMCC模式和纯柴油模式下的缸内燃烧压力、压力升高率、最高燃烧压力和燃烧放热率。结果表明:DMCC模式大大改变了放热率的形式,使得着火始点较原机推迟很多;并且燃烧过程中的预混燃烧比例明显加大,扩散燃烧的比例减少。该研究结果为大幅度提高柴油机效率、减少有害气体排放提供了理论依据。     

松树皮基质发酵方案的初步探究

【目的】探索松树皮基质的较佳发酵方案。【方法】以新鲜樟子松树皮为试验基质,尿素为氮源,添加EM菌剂和木醋液进行发酵,共设置9种(M1~M9)不同发酵方案,以不添加EM菌剂和木醋液的处理为对照,分析各处理松树皮发酵温度、理化性质及木质纤维素、单宁含量的变化情况。【结果】发酵后,与对照相比,M5(C/N 30、500倍EM菌剂和500倍木醋液)、M6(C/N 70、500倍EM菌剂和500倍木醋液)和M2(C/N 30、500倍EM菌剂)3个处理的发酵温度均明显高于其他处理,且高温持续时间长,松树皮的各项理化性质均得到改善,单宁、木质纤维素含量降解幅度较大。【结论】发酵过程中,EM菌剂起关键作用,再添加木醋液可进一步加快发酵进程,提升发酵效果,初始C/N的影响仅次于EM菌剂,当其值为30~70时松树皮的发酵效果较好,M5、M6、M2处理是松树皮的较佳发酵方案。     

亚热带常绿阔叶林11个树种的细根形态及碳氮含量研究

【目的】研究江西大岗山常绿阔叶次生林中11个树种的细根形态、组织化学元素含量与根序之间的关系。【方法】以大岗山次生林内6个受外生菌根侵染的树种(刨花润楠、小叶青冈、拟赤杨、丝栗栲、檵木和梓木)和5个受内生菌根侵染的树种(山乌桕、深山含笑、杉木、木荷和油桐)为研究对象,采用根序分级法对根系进行分级后,测量并比较各树种前5级根之间根长、比根长及C、N含量的差异。【结果】在细根形态方面,11个树种的根长均表现出随序级升高而增大的趋势,而比根长的表现则相反;在细根C、N含量方面,除3个树种(山乌桕、檵木和梓木)5级根C含量小于4级根、1个树种(油桐)2级根C含量小于1级根外,其余7个树种根组织的C含量均表现为随序级升高而增加;11个树种中除山乌桕外,其余10个树种根组织的N含量均表现为随序级升高而降低;在C/N上,有9个树种的C/N随序级升高而增加,其余2个树种(山乌桕和梓木)4级根的C/N略高于5级根。在不同树种间,同一序级的细根在细根形态和C、N含量上差异明显。6个受外生菌根侵染树种的根长和C、N含量均较5个内生菌根侵染树种大,而比根长以外生菌根侵染树种相对较小。【结论】11个树种前5级根根长、比根长、C含量、N含量和C/N随着序级增加而表现出相似的变化规律,生长在根系先端的1级根根长、C含量和C/N最小,比根长和N含量最大,随着序级的增加,根长、C含量和C/N增加,而比根长和N含量降低。受外生菌根侵染的树种,其根长、C含量和N含量均大于受内生菌根侵染的树种。11个树种之间细根形态和C、N含量存在明显差异,表明不同树种对地下环境的适应策略及对土壤养分的利用效率存在差异。     

广西食用木薯淀粉卫生质量检测结果分析

目的：检测分析广西武鸣、隆安、北海、崇左、桂林和梧州2011～2012、2012～2013年度食用木薯淀粉卫生质量.方法：根据GB/T 5009测定食用木薯淀粉中砷、铅、铬、氢氰酸和黄曲霉素B1含量,根据GB/T 22427.13测定二氧化硫残留量,根据GB 4789测定食用木薯淀粉中菌落总数、霉菌数、致病菌.结果：60份食用木薯淀粉样品中,铅含量达标样品合格率为93.3％,二氧化硫残留量合格率为56.7％,砷、铬、氢氰酸和黄曲霉素B1合格率为100％,微生物指标合格率为100％.结论：淀粉企业需继续加强食品安全生产知识宣传,改善工艺,以求生产符合国家标准的食用木薯淀粉.     

烤烟淀粉含量对主流烟气成分的影响

通过对全国14个区域、5个品种、上中下3个部位烤烟淀粉与烟气成分的系统研究,运用数理统计方法对其进行了相关和聚类分析。结果表明：（1）淀粉与烟气成分中总粒相物、烟气水分和焦油量存在显著地正相关关系;（2）淀粉聚类结果表明淀粉含量的高低直接显著地影响主流烟气总粒相物和焦油的释放。说明可以通过适当调节烟叶中淀粉的含量高低来调控烟气中焦油的释放量。     

基于B/S模式的科研院所科研项目信息管理系统

本文主要介绍了一套针对于科研院科研项目管理的B/S模式的科研项目管理系统的设计思路与构成,系统主要包括项目申请、立项、实施、检查、验收等环节的全过程管理与项目资金使用的实时管理,它的建立将有效地提升科研院所日常科研工作的管理效率与信息化水平。     

Investigation of the nutritional requirements of Australian snapper Pagrus auratus (Bloch & Schneider 1801): digestibility of gelatinized wheat starch and clearance of an intra-peritoneal injection of d-glucose

Two experiments were performed to investigate the digestibility and utilization of carbohydrate sources by Australian snapper Pagrus auratus. In the first experiment, snapper of two different size classes (110 and 375 g) were fed a reference diet containing no starch (REF) or diets containing 150 (PN15), 250 (PN25), 350 (PN35) or 450 g kg^?1 (PN45) of 100% gelatinized wheat starch to investigate the interactive effects of fish size and starch inclusion level on apparent organic matter (OM) or gross energy (GE) digestibility (ADC), post‐prandial plasma glucose concentration, hepatosomatic index (HSI) and liver or tissue glycogen content. A second experiment used a 72 h time course study to investigate the ability of larger snapper (300–481 g) to clear an intra‐peritoneal injection of 1 g d ‐glucose kg^?1 body weight (BW). Organic matter and GE ADCs declined significantly in both fish sizes as the level of starch increased (PN45energy small fishenergy large fish). There was no interaction between fish size and inclusion level with respect to GE or OM ADCs. Gross energy ADC for both sized fish was described by the linear function GE ADC=104.97 (±3.39)–0.109 (±0.010) × inclusion level (R²=0.86). Hepatosomatic index, liver and muscle glycogen concentrations were significantly elevated in both small and large snapper‐fed diets containing gelatinized starch compared with snapper fed the REF diet. Three‐hour post‐prandial plasma glucose concentrations were not significantly affected by fish size, inclusion level or the interaction of these factors (REF=PN15=PN25=PN35=PN45), and ranged between 1.60 and 2.5 mM. The mean±SD resting level of plasma glucose (0 h) was 2.4±1.1 mM. Circulating levels of plasma glucose in snapper peaked at 18.9 mM approximately 3 h after intra‐peritoneal injection and fish exhibited hyperglycaemia for at least 12–18 h. There were no significant differences between the plasma glucose concentrations of snapper sampled 0, 18, 24, 48 or 72 h after injection (0=18=24=48=72<12< 1<3=6 h), indicating snapper required almost 18 h to regulate their circulating levels of glucose to near‐basal concentrations. Australian snapper are capable of digesting moderate levels of gelatinized wheat starch; however, increasing the dietary content of starch resulted in a reduction in OM and GE digestibility. Smaller snapper appear to be less capable of digesting gelatinized starch than larger fish, and levels above 250 and 350 g kg^?1 of diet are not recommended for small and large fish respectively. Snapper subjected to an intra‐peritoneal injection of d ‐glucose have prolonged hyperglycaemia; however, the post‐prandial response to the uptake of glucose from normally digested gelatinized starch appears to be more regulated.     

Replacement of fishmeal in diets for Australian silver perch Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell). II. Effects of cooking on digestibility of a practical diet containing different starch products

Abstract The interactive effects of cooking and starch type on the dry matter, gross energy and protein digestibility of diets fed to fingerling silver perch were examined. Nine experimental diets were made: a reference diet either uncooked or cooked, six other diets comprising uncooked reference diet supplemented with 30% uncooked or cooked wheat, maize or potato starch and one diet comprising uncooked reference diet supplemented with 15% pregelatinized maize starch. Cooking involved autoclaving at 121 °C for 15 min. The indirect method was used to calculate apparent digestibility coefficients, and chromic oxide (1%) was used as the inert indicator. Both ingredient type and cooking influenced dry matter and gross energy digestibility of diets. All diets had significantly different digestibility coefficients in the following order (from most to least digestible): reference > wheat > maize > potato, for both dry matter and gross energy. Cooking significantly increased the apparent digestibility of diets for both dry matter and gross energy. There was no significant effect of ingredient or cooking or their interaction on protein digestibility. Dry matter and energy digestibility of the diet containing pregelatinized maize starch were significantly higher than for diets containing cooked or uncooked starch products. Ingredient digestibility followed the same trend as diet digestibility. The results from this study indicate that the successful use of starch in practical diets for silver perch is dependent on the origin and processing of the starch. The significant benefits of cooking in the reference diet suggest that pelleted diets should be cooked (e.g. steam conditioned or extruded).     

Detection of antigenic proteins expressed by lymphocystis virus as vaccine candidates in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel)

Although the major capsid proteins (MCPs) of lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) have been characterized, little is known about the host-derived immune response to MCPs and other LCDV antigenic proteins. To identify antigenic proteins of LCDV that could be used as vaccine candidates in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, we analysed the viral proteins responsible for its virulence by applying immuno-proteomics. LCDV proteins were separated by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis, transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membrane, and probed with homogeneous P. olivaceus antisera elicited by LCDV natural infection and vaccination with formalin-killed LCDV. Four immune-reactive proteins were obtained at 68-, 51-, 41- and 21 kDa using antisera collected from natural infection while two proteins at 51- and 21 kDa exhibited response to antisera from vaccinated fish, indicating that the latter two proteins have vaccine potential. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and nanoelectrospray MS/MS, the 51 and 21 kDa proteins were identified as MCP and an unknown protein, respectively.