Biochemical composition and fatty acid profile in a strain of the lineage ‘Nevada’, belonging to the Brachionus plicatilis (Rotifera) complex,fed different diets

A strain of the lineage Brachionus ‘Nevada’ was batch cultured with two diets, differing in biochemical composition: baker's yeast (treatment 1), which has higher protein:lipid ratio compared with CULTURE SELCO (treatment 2). The biochemical composition (DNA, RNA, lipid, protein content) and fatty acid profile of rotifers of both treatments was analysed and related to previously published population structure data. CULTURE SELCO‐fed rotifers showed higher DNA, RNA, lipid, n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) average content, compared with yeast‐fed rotifers, which had higher protein content. Rotifer lipid content showed significant diurnal variation in yeast‐fed rotifers. Rotifer lipid and n‐3 HUFA content was associated with reproductive output. DNA and RNA content was related to embryonic development while protein content, to somatic growth and mixis. The saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid rotifer content was stable irrespective of feed, in contrast to eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and DHA. The levels of AA were similar in both rotifer populations, but those of EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were about half in yeast‐fed compared with CULTURE SELCO‐fed rotifers. CULTURE SELCO resulted in a temporally stable rotifer lipid profile and a better enriched parthenogenetic population.     

扇贝内脏团提取物对药物性肝损伤的保护作用

采用生化技术从扇贝内脏团中制备出具有药用价值的扇贝提取物。化学分析结果：牛磺酸含量占１．６％，糖原含量占８．２％，支链氨基酸（ＢＡＣＣ）含量占４０．７１％。支链氨基酸与芳香族氨基酸克分子比（ＢＣＡＡ／ＡＡＡ）为３４．７０。Ｄ—氨基半乳糖肝损伤和四氯化碳肝损伤动物模型试验结果表明，扇贝提取物能提高药物性肝损伤大鼠血清的ＢＣＡＡ／ＡＡＡ和肝组织中抗过氧化酶活性，有纠正血清氨基酸谱紊乱和增强机体抗氧化、清除活性氧自由基能力，对肝脏具有保护作用。     

Mass culture of fairy shrimp Branchinecta orientalis (G. O. Sars 1901) (Crustacea: Anostraca) using effluent of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792) ponds

The variable quality and high price of Artemia (Leach 1819) cyst products, used worldwide as live food, motivate aquaculturists to find an appropriate alternative, especially for fresh/brackish water organisms. In this study, Branchinecta orientalis (G. O. Sars 1901), a common fairy shrimp in north‐western Iran, was reared for 15 days using effluent from trout ponds enriched with effluent filtrate as sole feed, or co‐fed with microalgae (Scenedesmus sp.). The effluent filtrate was replaced by algae at different ratios (25% and 50%), and feeding experiments were designed at densities of 100, 200 and 400 individuals/L in 3‐L containers and at 100 individuals/L in 20‐L containers. The results indicated that, at a certain density, the final length and survival were not significantly affected by different feeding regimes (p > .05). In 3‐L containers, the highest length and survival were observed at the lowest density. B. orientalis contained the highest amounts of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, though, when co‐fed algae, although the differences with the treatment fed solely effluent filtrate were often limited. Inclusion of algae in the diet also resulted in higher levels of a number of PUFAs. Our study proves that B. orientalis can be mass‐cultured successfully using trout effluent as culture medium without additional microalgae. Fish pond effluent is massively available as a cheap food source. Recycling aquaculture effluent for this type of live food production contributes to lowering the use of natural resources and to less discharge of nutrient loads into natural water bodies.     

纷散固相萃取—超高效液相色谱—串联质谱法测定水产品中利福平残留

建立一种测定水产品中利福平药物残留的超高效液相色谱—串联质谱检测方法。样品用乙腈—二氯甲烷(6∶4,体积比)提取剂提取,通过100 mg C18+100 mg PSA分散固相萃取净化,以3 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(含0.05%甲酸)和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾离子源正离子多反应监测模式测定,内标法定量分析。检测结果显示,利福平在1~20μg/kg质量浓度内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r≥0.9986,方法检出限为0.3μg/kg,定量限为1.0μg/kg,对罗非鱼、凡纳滨对虾、中华鳖进行加标回收试验,回收率为90.17%~101.07%,相对标准偏差为3.11%~7.66%,该方法简单、快速、准确,适用于水产品中利福平残留的确证和定量分析,为监管利福平药物的违规使用提供便捷、有效的技术支持。     

夏季东海水团变动特征及对鲐鲹渔场的影响

应用模糊聚类方法，采集东海30个站表层及底层1996-1998年夏季的水温（T）、盐度（S）、溶解氧（DO）、磷（P）、三态氮（N）、硅（Si)、pH值等九个指标的测样数据，对东海水团进行划分，其表层水团配置为大陆沿岸冲淡水（I），黄东海混合水团（Ⅱ）台湾暖流水（Ⅲ），黑潮表层水（Ⅳ）等水团，底层水团配置为黑潮次表层水团（Ⅴ），黄海冷水团（Ⅵ），台湾暖流水（Ⅲ）等水团，并分析了1996-1998年夏季由大陆径流和外海水团热力强弱影响所致的东海水团变动特征及沿岸冲淡水转向问题，同时讨论了东海水团分布与鲐Sheng渔场关系。     

基于计算机视觉的大黄鱼体尺、体重性状表型测量装置开发和应用

鱼类的体重、体长等表型性状是水产养殖和遗传育种中非常重要的经济性状,为了避免人工测量的不确定性、误差随机性和效率低下的问题,本研究开发出一种基于Mask Region Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN) 的自动化、无侵入式鱼类图像分割和表型性状测量的装置。该装置包括图像采集装置和控制软件两部分,其中图像采集装置可以测量不同规格鱼类 (体长1~40 cm)。基于Mask R-CNN的控制软件,可以对图片进行目标性状的训练和预测,实现目标数据的测量、存储和管理。本研究利用该装置对477尾3月龄大黄鱼进行了图像采集和基于大黄鱼图像的体长、体高、体重性状预测。研究表明,利用该装置测量的大黄鱼体长和体高的平均相对误差均小于4%。基于体长、体高、体表面积的多元回归模型对体重进行拟合,测量值与真实体重的相关系数为0.99,平均相对误差为4%,对每张图片的平均处理时间为3 s,测量速率是人工的8倍。该系统可以实现自动化、高效、准确地获取大黄鱼体型与体重性状,为大黄鱼种质资源评价、良种选育和种质创新提供更加便捷高效的表型测评工具。     

不同液相色谱-质谱联用法分析贝类样品中神经毒素β-N-甲氨基-L-丙氨酸的比较

基于液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,LC-MS/MS),比较了两种亲水交互作用(hydrophilic liquid interaction chromatography column,HILIC)色谱柱和C18色谱柱分析扁玉螺(Nev...     

QuEChERS-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鲤肝脏中氟虫腈及其代谢物残留

以QuEChERS作为样品前处理方法,结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)检测技术,建立了鲤(Cyprinus carpio)肝脏中氟虫腈(fipronil)及代谢物氟甲腈(fipronil desulfinyl)、氟虫腈亚砜(fipronil sulfide)和氟虫腈砜(fipronil sulfone...