全细胞催化制备单糖酸及其鉴定

首次利用氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌全细胞催化方法,在液体振荡反应体系中分别制取葡萄糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖和甘露糖这5种植物单糖对应的单糖酸钙溶液。以高效阴离子交换色谱-脉冲安培检测器(HPAEC-PAD)对它们的纯度进行检测,并采用红外光谱(FT-IR)和电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)进行了物质的结构解析与鉴定。结果显示,制备所得的5种单糖酸钙的离子色谱检测纯度均大于98%;它们的红外光谱在1600 cm-1处均有去质子化COO-基团的特征吸收;在电喷雾质谱中2种戊糖酸和3种己糖酸的特征离子峰[M-H]-分别为165.1和195.1,与理论值相符。     

威县枣园乡魏家寨村红薯中硒含量的测定

采用微波消解处理样品,氢化物原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)、电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)进行硒的测定,两种方法测得枣园乡魏家寨村红薯中硒含量分别为0.0235±0.00609μg/g,0.01μg/g,对比京津冀区域及市售富硒红薯中硒含量,河北邢台威县枣园乡魏家寨村红薯硒含量不低于海南澄迈县桥头镇。     

快速滤过型净化法结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时检测人参中的5种农药残留

基于人参样品基质特点,采用快速滤过型净化法 (m-PFC) 结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱 (HPLC-MS/MS),建立了人参中嘧菌酯、苯醚甲环唑、吡虫啉、茚虫威和噻嗪酮5种农药残留同时检测的分析方法。该方法具有较低的检出限 (0.03~0.18 μg/kg) 和定量限 (0.11~0.59 μg/kg),其定量限较中国国家标准GB 2763—2016中规定的对人参中苯醚甲环唑和嘧菌酯的最大残留限量 (MRL) (0.5~1 mg/kg) 低3个数量级,5种农药的线性范围在1~500 μg/L之间。在2、10、50、100和300 μg/kg的添加水平下,方法的平均回收率均在76%~115%之间,相对标准偏差 (RSD) 均小于11%,回收率较好且方法稳定。与传统样品前处理方法相比,该方法具有操作简单、省时省力和灵敏度高等优点。将该方法应用于市售6份人参样品中5种农药残留的检测,结果未检出相应的农药残留。该方法为研发建立更快速、准确地检测人参中农药残留的方法提供了思路,也为后续中国国家标准修订人参中农药最大残留限量提供了参考。     

香蕉中噻唑膦残留分析方法研究

建立香蕉中噻唑膦的超高效液相色谱串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)残留测定方法。香蕉样品采用乙腈提取和PSA+C18分散固相萃取,采用UPLC-MS/MS多反应模式(MRM)进行分析测定。噻唑膦在添加水平0.01~1.0 mg/kg范围内,平均回收率为94.3%~107.5%,相对标准偏差为7.9%~11.0%。采用外标法定量,方法的检出限为0.001μg/m L,定量限为0.005 mg/kg。该方法简单、准确、重复性较好且节省溶剂,适用于香蕉中噻唑膦的残留检测。     

Disulphide structure of high-molecular-weight (HMW-) gliadins as affected by terminators

This study aimed at elucidating SS-bonds of HMW-gliadins (HGL) from wheat with the focus on terminators of glutenin polymerisation. HGL from wheat flour extracts non-treated or treated with the S-alkylation reagent N-ethylmaleinimide (NEMI) were compared. HGL from wheat flour Akteur were isolated, hydrolysed with thermolysin and the resulting peptides pre-separated by gel permeation chromatography and analysed by liquid chromatography/mass-spectrometry using alternating electron transfer dissociation/collision-induced dissociation. Altogether, 22 and 28 SS-peptides from samples without and with NEMI treatment, respectively, were identified. Twenty-six peptides included standard SS-bonds of α- and γ-gliadins, high-molecular-weight and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits. Eleven SS-bonds were identified for the first time. Fifteen peptides unique to HGL contained cysteine residues from gliadins with an odd number of cysteines (ω5-, α- and γ-gliadins). Thus, gliadins with an odd number of cysteines, glutathione and cysteine had acted as terminators of glutenin polymerisation. Decisive differences between samples without and with NEMI treatment were not obvious showing that the termination of polymerisation was already completed in the flour. The two HGL samples, however, were different in the majority of ten peptides that included disulphide-linked low-molecular-weight (LMW) thiols such as glutathione and cysteine with the former being enriched in the non-treated HGL-sample.     

Preliminary study of patients with chronic mountain sickness by GC-TOF-MS based serum metabolomics analysis

AIM: To evaluate specific metabolomics profiles in the serum of patients with chronic mountain sickness (CMS) and to explore the potential metabolic biomarkers in the native Tibetans living on the Qinghai-Tibet Pla-teau.METHODS: A gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) approach as a metabolomics technique was used to evaluate metabolic differences. The native Tibetan CMS patients (n=10) and healthy Tibetan controls (n=10) were enrolled from YuShu in Qinghai province in this study. The serum samples were collected and analyzed by GC-TOF-MS coupled with a series of multivariate statistical analyses such as principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA).RESULTS: The intergroup differences between CMS patients and control subjects have been observed. A list of differential metabolites and several top altered metabolic pathways have been identified. The levels of fumaric acid, an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and inosine were highly upregulated in the CMS patients, suggesting a greater effort to hypoxic adaptation in high elevation area. Other differential metabolites, such as methyl phosphate, 2-ketoadipate, lyxose and phytanic acid were also identified. Importantly, the differential metabolites possessed higher area under the ROC curve (AUC) values, indicating an excellent clinical ability for the prediction of CMS. Increased levels of amino acids (isoleucine, glycine, serine, L-cysteine, citrulline and trimethyllysine) were detected in CMS group, yet significantly decreased levels of sulfuric acid, oxamic acid, lyxose and glutamine were also detected in CMS group than those in control group. At the same time, the levels of ribose and glucose-1-phosphate were markedly elevated in CMS group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The metabolic activities are significantly altered in the serum of CMS patients. High altitude hypoxia may act on the disturbed glucose metabolism and amino acid metabolism in part of the Tibetan triggered by CMS.     

D形截面螺旋输送机输送颗粒物料的实验研究

在可控转速的情况下运输粉末或者颗粒等松散物料时,因其机构简单,螺旋输送机被广泛应用于林业、农业等多种背景下的短距离提升或水平运输物料。为此,采用实验方法,针对改进后的D形截面筒的输送机进行输送颗粒物料的研究,结果表明:输送的质量流速率随着输送转速的增加而增加,随输送角度的增大而降低。另外,螺距和颗粒物料的粒径也对质量流速率有影响:大螺距的输送质量流速率较大,且随着输送倾斜角度的增大,螺距对质量流速率的影响减小;大颗粒的质量流速率大于小颗粒,且随着输送倾斜角度增加差距增大。     

基于云计算技术和3D渲染的农机虚拟制造技术研究

为了提高农机现代化和批量化生产效率,实现基于个性化需求农机设计和制造,提出了面向机加工的云技术农机制造服务候选资源的发现方法,并设计了农机虚拟制造的云计算平台。在农机部件云制造虚拟平台中,首先利用云存储技术存放大量的候选制造企业资源样本数据,然后利用智能分类算法KNN对候选资源进行分类,根据农机部件制造需求的客户对候选资源进行优选,最后得到最佳的候选资源。基于云计算和3D渲染技术,构建了面向工序级和零件级服务的仿真环境,并通过仿真实验,得到了优选后服务方的服务时间、费用和合格率,为现代农机的批量生产和个性化加工服务提供了新的解决方案。