Reporting standards for biofilter performance studies

The development of standardized rating and design procedures for biological filters will require that filter performance be evaluated and reported in a standardized manner. This article recommends draft reporting standards for biofilter performance studies. It is important that critical parameters are defined and reported in a standard manner, both in terms of definition, variable names, and units. Depending on the type and scale of an experiment, reporting of certain parameters will be either mandatory or optional. Basic principles of experimental design, statistical analysis, and randomization must be followed. Experimental protocols are recommended to ensure the accuracy of measured or computed parameters. The development of this reporting standard is being organized through the Standards and Reporting Committee of the Aquaculture Engineering Society (AES). It is anticipated that a revised version of these standards will be incorporated into the Guide to Authors for Aquacultural Engineering.     

权益资本成本的行业特征研究

以2004~2011年沪深A股上市公司为样本,研究权益资本成本的行业差异以及行业特征对权益资本成本的影响。研究发现：行业门类层面和制造业次类层面的权益资本成本差异显著,这种差异在时序上较为稳定。行业竞争程度越低,权益资本成本越小,体现了产品市场竞争的特质性风险效应,行业收益波动和行业成长性分别对权益资本成本产生显著的正向影响和负向影响。企业会计准则的改革强化了行业因素对权益资本成本的影响。     

对中兽药质量标准及质量控制的思考

探讨了中兽药质量标准及其质量控制存在的问题及原因,并论述了它们的发展前景。     

FSC森林认证单位增加社会影响的做法与启示

对4家森林认证管理委员会(FSC)认证单位的森林认证报告和有关文件进行分析,介绍认证单位在社区关系与劳动者权利方面的主要做法,指出了我国森林经营单位存在着单位社会责任认识到不到位,对职工健康和安全重视不够,缺乏与职工和社区居民的沟通协商机制,尚未开展社会影响评价工作等问题,并提出了相应的对策。     

Open geospatial technology standards and their potential in plant pest risk management—GPS-enabled mobile phones utilising open geospatial technology standards Web Feature Service Transactions support the fighting of fire blight in Norway

The threat posed by invasive alien species to global crop production and biodiversity is recognized as one of the major drivers of global change today. Here we report on a successful implementation and operational use of new technology to support risk- and crisis management in the case of fighting an invasive plant disease. The open geospatial standards Web Feature Service Transaction (WFS-T) was implemented in software for GPS-enabled mobile phones communicating with a GeoServer backend in order to track down and eradicate disease outbreaks and susceptible host plants. This new technology offering georeferenced events online from field provides new possibilities for real time action in risk and crisis management.     

广东主要林产品采标现状调研

广东省林产品主要以人造板、木家具、松香、木(竹)材、竹木工艺品、桂油等产品产销量大，我国制定的与我省林产品有关的标准359项，标准中等效采用国际标准和国外先进标准的不多。人造板、松香等产品采标状况较好，达到了工业发达国家的先进水平；肉桂油、竹笋生产也有相关标准。文章分析了广东主要林产品采标生产状况及其存在问题，并就制定我省主要林产品地方标准等提出了建议。     

毛竹林冰雪危害调查及灾后重建技术组装

以靖安县毛竹林为调查研究对象,调查冰雪危害毛竹林的规律,了解毛竹林分防御雪灾的能力,制定毛竹林损伤类型划分,组装毛竹林灾后重建技术.     

县级森林资源信息管理系统设计

运用建模工具软件、采用可视化建模的方法及标准的建模语言,比较系统地介绍了通用且符合“数字林业标准与规范”的县级森林资源信息管理系统的设计思想、主要内容及建立方法。内容包括：(1)系统开发思想与方法;(2)系统设计目标与要求;(3)系统分析及设计;(4)县级森林资源管理系统开发方法等。     

竹材利用标准及其国际标准化的需要

文章阐明了制定竹材利用标准的意义、原则和思路,分析了我国竹材利用标准的现状,并对标准所涉及的内容进行了描述。通过与印度竹材物理力学性质标准的对比,和试验验证加载速度对竹材力学性质测试结果的影响,指出了我国竹材利用标准的不足及竹材利用标准的国际标准化的需要。     

The social construction of production externalities in contemporary agriculture: Process <Emphasis Type="Italic">versus</Emphasis> product standards as the basis for defining “organic”

The analysis distinguishes two types of standards for defining organic produce; process standards and product standards. Process standards define organic products by the method and means of production. Product standards define organic by the physical quality of the end product. The National Organic Program (NOP) uses process standards as the basis for defining organic. However, the situation is complicated by agricultural production practices, which sometimes result in the migration of NOP prohibited substances from conventional to organic fields. When this interaction alters the value of the product or the costs of production, a production externality is said to exist. Defining organic using process, rather than product standards, influences the burden and character of production externalities. The NOPs emphasis on process standards reduces the likelihood that production externalities will emerge.B. James Deaton is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Business and Agricultural Economics, University of Guelph, Canada. His research examines environmental and natural resource issues. He is particularly interested in the manner in which laws, rules, and standards influence environmental quality, natural resource use, and economic development. Additional research examines the relationship between different forms of private property and economic development, public support for various criteria used to preserve farmland, and the social construction of production externalities in agriculture. Prior to his PhD training, he worked on economic development projects in Lesotho (Southern Africa) and the Appalachian region of eastern Kentucky.John P. Hoehn is a Professor of Environmental and Natural Resource Economics in the Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University. His teaching and research activities address environmental and natural resource policies, benefit-cost analysis of environmental improvements, methods for valuing non-market goods, improved institutions for protecting, managing, and using environmental resources, and the economics of ecological resources. He teaches core courses in the departmental and university-wide graduate programs in environmental and resource economics.