中国甘蔗产业技术标准体系建设现状与对策

对中国甘蔗产业标准发布情况、标准分布、文本质量、管理现状等做了详细的分析研究,指出中国甘蔗产业标准及标准体系建设中存在的主要问题,提出相应甘蔗产业标准化体系建设的对策和建议。     

Comparing System of Wheat Intensification (SWI) with standard recommended practices in the northwestern plain zone of India

The practices of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) methodology have been extended to wheat and various other crops with reported good results. To assess such reports with respect to wheat, an experiment was conducted at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during 2011–2012 and 2012–2013. This experiment compared the performance of wheat under System of Wheat Intensification (SWI) and standard recommended practices (SRPs). In 2011–2012, the SWI yield of 7.93 t ha^?1 was 30% higher than for SRP in 2012–2013, climatically a less favorable year, hence SWI performed relatively better with a 46% yield advantage under climate stress. SWI produced 12.5% less in the stressful year, while the reduction for the SRPs ranged from 18% to 31%. Differences in yield attributes and root traits were also observed in favor of SWI. Available N, P, and K in the soil after harvesting was increased with SWI, whereas depletion in nutrients with the SRPs indicated the scope for SWI sustaining soil fertility. Higher yield compensated for higher SWI costs of cultivation. A net return of US$ 1383 ha^?1 was obtained with SWI, 35% more than the US$ 1020 ha^?1 from SRPs. Overall, SWI outperformed the SRPs in terms of yields, climate resilience, and economics.     

我国干旱半干旱地区治理环境资源问题的技术规范初探

落后的生产技术以及不遵循自然规律开发利用环境资源,使生态环境本就脆弱的干旱半干旱地区旱灾更广泛外,还表现出诸如土地荒漠化、水土流失、草原退化等日趋严重的环境资源问题。干旱半干旱地区发展经济需要注重生态效益与经济效益并举,科技进步是关键,为使科学技术在生产实践中规范化运作,在干旱半干旱地区法制建设中应制定治理环境资源问题的技术规范,包括生态技术规范、生产技术规范、节水技术规范、预测技术规范。     

柳枝稷苗期对钾营养胁迫耐受性的综合评价

为明确能源作物柳枝稷在缺钾条件下的耐受能力,筛选出耐贫瘠性强的优质种质资源,以13个柳枝稷品种为供试材料,在人工气候室中开展水培试验,通过相关农艺性状和生理指标等评价指标的测定,采用标准差系数赋予权重法对柳枝稷在缺钾胁迫下的表现做出综合评价。结果表明:在缺钾胁迫下,13个柳枝稷品种地上及地下部的生长均受到显著抑制,具体表现为:生长速度下降,叶绿素含量减少,光合面积减少,光合速率降低,进而导致其总生物量积累下降。由标准差系数赋予权重法得出的13个品种耐胁迫性由高到低依次为:Cave-In-Rock、Trailblazer、BJ-5、Forestburg、BJ-4、Pathfinder、BJ-3、BJ-2、Blackwell、Alamo、BJ-1、BJ-6、Kanlow。     

基于高等教育专业教学质量标准下药用微生物学课程能力培养教学模式的研究

基于高等教育专业教学质量标准,研究药用微生物学课程能力培养教学模式,立足于学校实际,在推行新课改的前提下,积极开展药用微生物学课程的教学改革实践活动。通过明确课程定位、确定课程目标、做好课程设计、组织课程实施、严控课程考核、认真教学反思等过程实施,提升学生在课堂中的参与度,锻炼其思维能力、语言表达能力、自主学习及解决问题的能力,从而推进“高效课堂”的有效实施,促进学生学习方式和教师教学方式的转变,以期达到培养高素质技能型人才的目标。     

农用地定级中样地法和修正法的比较研究——以上高县为例

目前我国基本上采用因素法和修正法进行农用地定级,而样地法却应用得很少。以江西省上高县为例,对样地法农用地定级单元划分、因素选取、定级指数计算、级别划分的方法进行探讨,并与修正法比较,从不同方面论证了样地法定级方法的可行性。     

A proposal to leverage high-quality veterinary diagnostic laboratory large data streams for animal health,public health,and One Health

Test data generated by ~60 accredited member laboratories of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians (AAVLD) is of exceptional quality. These data are captured by 1 of 13 laboratory information management systems (LIMSs) developed specifically for veterinary diagnostic laboratories (VDLs). Beginning ~2000, the National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN) developed an electronic messaging system for LIMS to automatically send standardized data streams for 14 select agents to a national repository. This messaging enables the U.S. Department of Agriculture to track and respond to high-consequence animal disease outbreaks such as highly pathogenic avian influenza. Because of the lack of standardized data collection in the LIMSs used at VDLs, there is, to date, no means of summarizing VDL large data streams for multi-state and national animal health studies or for providing near-real-time tracking for hundreds of other important animal diseases in the United States that are detected routinely by VDLs. Further, VDLs are the only state and federal resources that can provide early detection and identification of endemic and emerging zoonotic diseases. Zoonotic diseases are estimated to be responsible for 2.5 billion cases of human illness and 2.7 million deaths worldwide every year. The economic and health impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is self-evident. We review here the history and progress of data management in VDLs and discuss ways of seizing unexplored opportunities to advance data leveraging to better serve animal health, public health, and One Health.     

作物表型组数据库研究进展及展望

【目的】总结归纳作物表型数据库的研究进展,对作物表型数据库的构建进行展望。【方法】采用文献综述法,从Web of Science、NCBI的PubMed和中国知网等常用公共文献数据库中对已发表的作物表型组学相关研究文献进行检索,据此对国内外作物表型组学研究现状进行分析,并基于其中的数据库研究,对目前的作物表型相关数据库进行了介绍。最后对作物表型组数据库构建标准及要求进行了介绍。【结果】不同于基因组学已有许多大型的、公认的、成熟的公共数据库,有关作物表型组学的数据库虽已有一些,但综合性较强、普适性较广的通用标准数据库却不是很多。因此,构建综合性作物表型组标准数据库或构建特定作物的表型组数据库,将成为该领域相关研究人员的工作重点。【结论】农业信息化是现代农业的一个必然发展趋势,作物表型组数据库的构建也是顺应时代发展的产物。今后,在充分利用各种综合和专用数据库的基础上,研究人员应在实际研究中构建自己的作物表型组数据库,增强数据管理和共享。     

0-8周藏马鸡与环颈雉生长性能及消化性能的比较研究

比较了0~8周龄藏马鸡与环颈雉的生长及消化性能的差异。结果表明:采食NRC环颈雉饲养标准的全价日粮时,藏马鸡生长正常、体况良好其体重和生长速度显著高于环颈雉(P<0.05);藏马鸡对粗蛋白、粗纤维、0~4周龄酸性洗涤纤维和干物质的消化率、饲料转化率及表观能量代谢率与环颈雉无显著差异(P>0.05);藏马鸡对粗脂肪消化率低于环颈雉,对NDF和4~8周龄ADF的消化率则显著高于环颈雉(P<0.05)。     

环式刨片机行业标准修订研究

阐述了刨花板行业发展现状,介绍了国内外环式刨片机的主要技术参数及环式刨片机行业标准修订的意义、方法、原则和主要内容.