小鼠卵母细胞去核时间对卵丘细胞核移植的影响

对超数排卵的小鼠分别在注射HCG后14~16, 16~18, 18~20和20~22 h采小鼠卵母细胞用于 核移植, 观察小鼠卵母细胞的去核时间在体细胞核移植中的作用。结果显示, 在注射hCG后14~16, 16~18, 18~20和20~22 h, 小鼠卵母细胞去核效率分别为80.09 %(338/422), 73.12 %(283/387), 55.02 %(230/418)和48.74 %(193/396); 重构胚激活率分别为 66.20 %(190/287), 75.43 %(175/232), 84.78 %(156/184)和85.14 %(126/ 148); 重构胚的囊胚发育率分别为13.94 %(40/287), 7.33 %(17/232), 3.80 %(7/184)和1.35 %(2/148)。试验证实小鼠卵母细胞在注射hCG后14~16 h进行去核较为适宜。     

“公司＋合作社＋农户”契约关系稳定性研究

通过典型实例剖析了“公司＋合作社＋农户”契约组织模式的几种类型,认为实现“公司＋合作社＋农户”契约关系稳定能有效降低生产经营的交易费用,且有利于产业化经营组织的健康可持续发展,进而从宏观和微观两个层面探讨了“公司＋合作社＋农户”契约关系稳定性实现的路径：稳定农村土地承包关系,加快完善土地流转机制;促进农民专业合作社发展;培育、壮大龙头企业;促进产业化经营组织健康发展;执行严格的合同管理;形成合理的利益分配机制;规范与完善农民专业合作社的制度建设等。     

Service Life Prediction of Concrete Structures under Chloride Environment

The problems rendered from the conventional time marching, referring to stepwise time marching scheme (STMS) adopted in boundary element method (BEM) for chloride diffusion in concrete structures, were investigated, and a new time marching, referring to initial time marching scheme (ITMS) in BEM, was developed for evaluation of service life of the concrete structures under chloride environment. Results of the numerical examples show that the ITMS-BEM proposed can eliminate domain integral and simplify the computational model, so that the stability in iteration process can be improved, resulting in better efficiency and accuracy, compared with the STMS-BEM. It can also be concluded that the dimensions of the diffusion of chloride can affect the service life of the concrete structure significantly, which should be taken into account in structural design.     

The effects of l‐DOPA and sulpiride on growth hormone secretion at different injection times in Holstein steers

The effects of l ‐DOPA, a precursor of dopamine (DA), and sulpiride, a D₂‐type DA receptor blocker, on growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) secretion were investigated in steers. Eight Holstein steers (212.8 ± 7.8 kg body weight) were used. Lighting conditions were 12:12 L:D (lights on: 06.00–18.00 hours). Blood samplings were performed during the daytime (11.00–15.00 hours) and nighttime (23.00–03.00 hours). Intravenous injections of drugs or saline were performed at 12.00 hour for the daytime and 00.00 hour for the nighttime, respectively. Plasma GH and PRL concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. l ‐DOPA did not alter the GH secretion when it was injected at 12.00 hour (spontaneous GH level at its peak). On the other hand, l ‐DOPA increased GH secretion at 00.00 hour (GH level at its trough). Injection of sulpiride suppressed GH secretion at 12.00 hour but did not affect GH levels at 00.00 hour. l ‐DOPA inhibited and sulpiride stimulated PRL release during both periods. These results suggest that dopaminergic neurons have stimulatory action on GH secretion and inhibitory action on PRL secretion in cattle. In addition, injection time should be considered to evaluate the exact effects on GH secretion due to its ultradian rhythm of GH secretion in cattle.     

泥石流频发区土地利用分形特征及稳定性研究

应用GIS技术及分形理论,以云南省小江流域为研究区,将土地利用类型划分为6类：耕地、林地、草地、水域、城乡工矿居民用地及未利用地,并进行各土地利用类型图斑分形维数分析。结果表明：小江流域土地利用方式在区域分布上相对集中,土地利用类型以草地、林地和耕地为主,分别占全流域面积的52.78%,28.07%和15.77%,土地利用结构相对单一;土地利用类型的分布具有分形结构,各土地利用类型分维值为1.197 2～1.498 4,平均分维值1.327 9;根据分维值对各土地利用类型稳定性排序：林地〉未利用地〉城乡工矿居民用地〉耕地〉草地〉水域;稳定性指数介于0.2～0.5之间的土地利用类型面积占研究区土地总面积的42.66%,总体稳定性较差。说明在人为和自然因素影响下,小江流域土地利用总的发展趋势不稳定,人为扰动因素的实施欠合理。分维值较好地反映了各土地利用类型的复杂程度及稳定性。     

低纬高原山区暖冬年与冷冬年油菜品种稳定性和适应性对比分析

为有效评价并推荐丰产性、稳产性和适应性好的山地油菜品种在低纬高原山区推广应用,采用灰色关联度、AMMI模型和模糊聚类等分析方法,对玉溪市典型的暖冬年(2012年)与冷冬年(2015年)4个不同海拔试点的7个参试油菜品种进行稳定性和适应性对比分析。结果表明:(1)暖冬年和冷冬年主要气象因子与油菜产量的关联度有明显差异;(2)AMMI模型中暖冬年的基因、基因与环境互作两者方差分量均显著高于冷冬年,而环境方差分量则明显低于冷冬年;(3)基因型与环境间的互作对暖冬年与冷冬年的主要农艺性状影响存在较大差异。低纬高原山区应主推‘云花油早熟1号’、‘花油6号’、‘玉红油1号’和‘花油5号’等优质油菜品种。     

DQSY型模拟降雨装置研制通报

 在分析、借鉴国内外研制经验的基础上,研制单喷头曲面设计、双层喷射变雨强弹簧调节的野外模拟降雨喷头,实现了以单喷头替代多喷头组合式模拟降雨装置,并达到同样模拟降雨效果。由于喷头采用曲面设计,确保喷射水舌有规律地变化;模拟雨滴动能接近于天然降雨动能;模拟降雨过程均匀;喷射面积稳定。实测证明:雨滴中数直径为0.574.26mm,降雨均匀系数≥0.8（±0.05）,降雨面积为150 m2,模拟降雨强度为30～240 mm/h。     

笼养孟加拉虎雌雄白昼行为的差异

2005年12月～2006年8月,采用瞬时扫描取样法和全事件取样法,对云南野生动物园内5只孟加拉虎行为进行了初步观察。结果表明,在观察期内,笼养孟加拉虎白昼行为时间分配上两性存在一定差异,即雌性的睡眠和卧息多于雄性的睡眠和卧息;雌性的走动和其它行为少于雄性的走动和其它行为。在活动节律上,两性有极大的相似性,只是雌虎在下午的卧息高峰值比雄虎晚约1h。     

Effect of climate change on Spodoptera litura Fab. on peanut: A life table approach

Investigations were conducted to understand the direct effects of rising temperature and the host-mediated effects of elevated CO₂ (eCO₂) on Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera). This study involved i. the construction of life tables of S. litura at six constant temperatures viz., 20, 25, 27, 30, 33 and 35°C ± 0.5 °C reared on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown under eCO₂ (550 ppm) concentration in open top chambers ii. Estimation of threshold temperatures and thermal constants and iii. Prediction of the pest scenarios during near and distant future climate change periods. Significantly lower leaf nitrogen, higher carbon and a higher relative proportion of carbon to nitrogen (C:N) were observed in peanut foliage grown under eCO₂ over ambient CO₂ (aCO₂). The mean development time (days) of each stage, egg, larva, pupa, pre-oviposition and total life span decreased from 20 to 35 °C temperature on eCO₂ foliage. The thermal requirement of S. litura from egg to egg (within the range of 20 °C–35 °C) was 538.5 DD on eCO₂ as against 494.5 DD on aCO₂ foliage. Finite (λ) and intrinsic rates of increase (r_m), net reproductive rate (R_o), mean generation time (T) and doubling time (DT) of S. litura varied significantly with temperature and CO₂ and were found to have quadratic relationships with temperature. The present results on life table parameters estimated by the bootstrap technique showed that the ‘r_m’ values of S. litura on eCO₂ foliage were higher than those in the literature indicating a significant influence of eCO₂. The reduction of ‘T’ was noticed from a maximum of 50 days at 20 °C to minimum of 22 days at 35 °C and ‘λ’ which is the indicator of reproductive value of new eggs was highest at 35 °C and showed a negative relationship with temperature. The data on these life table parameters were plotted against temperature and two non-linear models developed for both CO₂ conditions and used for predicting the pest scenarios. Prediction of pest scenarios based on PRECIS A1B emission scenario data at eleven peanut growing locations of the country during near future (NF) and distant future (DF) climate change periods showed an increase of ‘r_m’ and ‘λ’ with varied ‘R_o’ and reduced ‘T’. The present results indicate that temperature and CO₂ are vital in influencing the growth and life table parameters of S. litura and that pest incidence is likely to be higher in the future.     

人HIF-1α基因重组减毒沙门氏菌载体的构建及稳定性检测

利用RT-PCR方法从低氧预处理的A549细胞中获得HIF-1α基因片段,将其定向插入pIRES-SEQ质粒NheⅠ、MLuⅠ2个酶切位点之间,得到真核表达载体pIRES-HIF-1α;采用电转化方法将其电转化入减毒沙门氏菌Ty21α中,获得重组减毒沙门氏菌菌株TPH;转染A549细胞,RT-PCR法检测HIF-1α基因表达,ELISA方法检测HIF-1α蛋白表达;TPH菌株在氨苄青霉素(+)和氨苄青霉素(-)LB培养板上分别传代40代,每10代提取质粒进行PCR及酶切鉴定.结果表明:试验成功构建了携带HIF-1α基因的重组减毒沙门氏菌TPH,其可在体外细胞中稳定表达HIF-1α基因及蛋白,TPH可稳定遗传.