鸢乌贼酶解产物的抗氧化稳定性与功能特性

以鸢乌贼(Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis)胴体为原料,采用木瓜蛋白酶进行酶解,比较了酶解液中不同分子量组分的抗氧化特性,探讨了温度、p H和光照对其抗氧化活性的影响,以及其功能特性(包括乳化性和乳化稳定性、起泡性和泡沫稳定性、吸水性、持水性和吸油性等)。结果表明,鸢乌贼酶解产物具有一定的耐热性,在酸性偏中性的环境中能较好地保持其抗氧化活性,日光照射会降低其抗氧化能力。此外,酶解产物还具有较强的乳化性、起泡性、吸水吸油能力等功能特性。     

阿根廷渔业概况与中阿渔业合作

阿根廷渔业生产以捕捞为主,资源量较大,捕捞品种丰富,是世界著名的水产品出口国.本文介绍了阿根廷的捕捞渔业概况、主要捕捞品种、主要出口产品,以及滑柔鱼生产情况,并对阿根廷与中国的鱿钓渔业合作的历史、现状和运作模式进行了介绍.中阿两国渔业各具特点和优势,互补性强,具有很大的合作空间,开展中阿渔业合作不仅有利于我国渔业发展,更对两国间的关系产生良性影响.     

鱿鱼类资源量变化与海洋环境关系的研究进展

近几十年随着传统渔业资源量的下降,短生命周期的鱿鱼类产量出现持续增加,并已成为重要的渔获对象。由于鱿鱼类为短生命周期鱼类,对环境变化极为敏感,这一特点使得传统基于种群动力和生物学过程的资源量评估模型并不能很好地估算其资源量,为了了解环境因子和鱿鱼类资源量变化的关系,从研究方法和内容上对其研究现状进行了回顾,目前的研究已经能够在一定程度上解释环境因子对鱿鱼类资源量变化的影响机制,但是还不能完全利用环境变量来预测资源量的变化;本文还归纳了主要经济鱿鱼类栖息环境的特点,以及环境因子对其生活史各个阶段(孵化、仔稚鱼、成鱼和产卵)和资源补充量的影响,总结了目前研究遇到的问题和不足,并提出了今后研究重点应放在环境因子如何影响鱿鱼类生活史阶段中的孵化到仔稚鱼过程,从而能够提高对鱿鱼类补充量大小的估测精度,为其资源评估的进一步发展提供全面的理论基础。     

鱿鱼墨黑色素吸附Ca2+的活性研究

[目的]为鱿鱼墨在饲料、保健品等领域的应用提供理论依据。采用高速离心法精制的鱿鱼墨黑色素与Ca~(2+)作用,探究酸度、温度、时间、黑色素添加量、Ca~(2+)浓度及盐度等因素对鱿鱼墨黑色素吸附Ca~(2+)的影响。[结果]当pH为4、温度为40℃、黑色素添加量为0.02g、吸附时间为10h时,鱿鱼墨黑色素对钙的吸附量最大,达到65%。不同浓度的氯化钠和氯化镁对黑色素吸附Ca~(2+)的影响较小,氯化铁对黑色素吸附钙的影响很大,随着氯化铁浓度的增大,吸附量急剧增加。[结论]鱿鱼墨黑色素对Ca~(2+)的吸附能力并不理想,吸附量也不多。     

Long-term changes in zooplankton and its relationship with squid, Todarodes pacificus, catch in Japan/East Sea

Long‐term change in zooplankton biomass and composition of major zooplankton assemblages was studied with a focus on climate change and squid catch in the Japan/East Sea. This study deals with data sets of zooplankton biomass, abundance of major zooplankton assemblages, and sea surface temperature (SST) obtained during the period from 1965 to 1998, and the catch of squid, Todarodes pacificus, from 1978 to 1998. Based on its physical characteristics, the study area was divided into two subregions, a northern and southern region. The SST during the winter and spring (February and April) steadily increased after the late 1980s in the southern region. On the other hand, the northern region did not have a warm winter and had higher interannual fluctuations. Zooplankton biomass also showed an increasing trend and major zooplankton assemblages have shifted in their composition since the early 1990s. The northern region exhibited a greater increasing trend than the southern region in zooplankton biomass. Macrozooplankton such as chaethognaths, euphausiids and amphipods gradually increased after the early 1990s. In the Japan/East Sea, squid catches increased continuously after the early 1990s. The squid catch for the autumn of year n is significantly associated with the zooplankton biomass collected in October and December of year n ? 1 (r=0.864 in the northern region and r=0.818 in the southern region, P < 0.001) and macrozooplankton, especially euphausiids (r=0.578 in the northern region and r=0.840 in the southern region, P < 0.05) and amphipods (r=0.695 in the northern region and r=0.648 in the southern region, P < 0.05).     

鱿鱼加工副产物综合利用研究进展

综述了近年来国内外利用鱿鱼皮、内脏、软骨、墨汁、鱼眼、精巢等副产物为原料开发胶原蛋白、鱼油、核酸、酶、软骨素、透明质酸、鱼精蛋白等一系列生化制品的研发状况,展望了几种鱿鱼副产物的应用前景和发展趋势.     

Effects of microbial transglutaminase and starch on the thermal gelation of salted squid muscle paste

ABSTRACT:   The addition of microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) to salted squid muscle paste greatly strengthened the elasticity of the thermal gel, which was produced by the preferential cross-linking of myosin heavy chains through a two-step heating process that consisted of setting at 40°C and subsequent heating to 80°C or 90°C. Starch increased the breaking strength of thermal squid gels, but decreased the deformation. Thus, the starch-added gels became harder and less elastic. Although, when both MTGase and starch were added to squid muscle paste, the changes in viscoelastisity and myosin cross-linking reaction were similar to those with MTGase alone during setting, the storage and loss moduli of the paste sharply increased with an increase in starch content above 70°C. Subsequently, the thermal gel texture became more brittle or breakable than gels prepared by setting with MTGase only.     

鱿鱼皮胶原蛋白提取前处理的条件优化

试验测定了鱿鱼皮的基本组成成分,探索了酶法提取鱿鱼皮胶原蛋白时前处理的最佳条件。选定了4个因素3,个水平,采用L9(34)正交试验确定了最佳条件。结果表明4,个因素NaOH浓度,NaOH作用时间、异丙醇浓度、活性炭浓度的最佳选择分别为0.15 mol/l、6 h、12%、0.8%,此时提取的胶原蛋白含量为11.08%,提取率为93.6%。     

我国远洋鱿钓渔业市场演进路径与产业发展对策

远洋鱿钓渔业是我国远洋渔业的重要组成部分,也是我国发展规模最大的远洋渔业产业。从捕捞生产规模角度来看,我国远洋鱿钓渔业20多年的发展实践可以划分为三个阶段:起步与规模扩张阶段、规模调整阶段和产业调整提升阶段。分析了市场从外向型向内外兼顾型、产品加工由低层次向多层次平衡发展的远洋鱿钓渔业市场演进路径。结合对舟山等地的调研分析认为,我国远洋鱿钓产业主要存在捕捞量与加工市场需求量不协调、国内外市场依赖程度不协调、个别利益与产业整体利益之间不协调三大制约瓶颈。提出了通过加强对公海鱿鱼渔场的调查、加快拓展国内鱿鱼消费市场规模、进一步提升鱿鱼产品深加工能力、建立紧密型行业服务组织的对策建议。     

乌贼墨多糖对环磷酰胺介导小鼠卵巢氧化应激损伤的干预效应

为了探究乌贼墨多糖(sepia ink polysaccharides,SIPS)对小鼠卵巢氧化应激和免疫能力的影响,将60只KM雌性小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、治疗1组、治疗2组、治疗3组、治疗4组等6组.腹腔注射环磷酰胺(cyclophoshamide,CP)造模,正常组注射生理盐水,口服灌胃SIPS或生理盐水,观测各组小鼠体重变化、器官指数、卵巢丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性变化.结果表明:每只灌胃80 mg/kg SIP为多糖最佳剂量,与模型组相比,80 mg/kg处理能显著降低卵巢MDA含量、提高SOD活性,提高卵巢指数、胸腺指数、脾脏指数,增强小鼠卵巢抗氧化能力及免疫力.