基于DEMATEL-ISM-MICMAC法中国远洋鱿钓渔业脆弱性指标选择与分析

远洋鱿钓渔业是我国远洋渔业的重要组成,该渔业极易受到环境等因素的影响。为可持续高质量发展我国远洋鱿钓渔业,本文结合脆弱性理论和方法,从气候与环境、物种、社会经济三大方面建立了我国远洋鱿钓渔业社会—生态系统脆弱性指标体系,运用决策试验与评价实验室(DEMATEL)法、解释结构模型(ISM)法以及交叉影响矩阵相乘(MICMAC)法对影响指标及其关联性进行分析。研究表明,鱿鱼渔业资源是最核心的因素,对我国远洋鱿钓渔业脆弱性起决定性作用;科技投入、政策与管理、捕捞强度是最具影响力或驱动力的因素;我国远洋鱿钓渔业脆弱性指标可分五大类,要把重点放在关联因素、调整因子和驱动因素上,其次为依赖因素,自主因素无需过多关注。研究认为,除渔业资源外,脆弱性系统可分为四个层级,长期监控L3和L4层指标,重视L2和L3层的指标,针对性地调整L1层指标,是保持我国远洋鱿钓渔业长期健康发展的有效路径。该研究不仅能识别影响我国远洋鱿钓渔业脆弱性的关键因素,同时可为远洋鱿钓渔业的科学管理提供理论指导,并为脆弱性实证评估奠定基础。     

鱿肝脏配合饲料的营养成分及饲养凡纳滨对虾的效果

作者采用挤压生产工艺,将湿鱿肝脏及鱿肝脏粉添加在饲料中做成不同的虾饲料,分析比较了不同试验饲料的营养成分以及饲养凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannam ei的效果。结果表明,饲料中用鱿肝脏替代部分鱼粉、玉米粉,能提高饲料的诱食性及利用率,也能提高凡纳滨对虾体长与体重的增长率,且直接添加湿鱿肝脏并经挤压生产的虾饲料能保持鱿肝脏脂肪酸的不饱和度组成,较添加鱿肝脏粉的饲料营养价值高。     

Chitinolytic Bacteria-Assisted Conversion of Squid Pen and Its Effect on Dyes and Pigments Adsorption

The aim of this work was to produce chitosanase by fermenting from squid pen, and recover the fermented squid pen for dye removal by adsorption. One chitosanase induced from squid pen powder (SPP)-containing medium by Bacillus cereus TKU034 was purified in high purification fold (441) and high yield of activity recovery (51%) by ammonium sulfate precipitation and combined column chromatography. The SDS-PAGE results showed its molecular mass to be around 43 kDa. The TKU034 chitosanase used for the chitooligomers preparation was studied. The enzyme products revealed that the chitosanase could degrade chitosan with various degrees of polymerization, ranging from 3 to 9, as well as the chitosanase in an endolytic manner. Besides, the fermented SPP was recovered and displayed a better adsorption rate (up to 99.5%) for the disperse dyes (red, yellow, blue, and black) than the water-soluble food colorants, Allura Red AC (R40) and Tartrazine (Y4). The adsorbed R40 on the unfermented SPP and the fermented SPP was eluted by distilled water and 1 M NaOH to confirm the dye adsorption mechanism. The fermented SPP had a slightly higher adsorption capacity than the unfermented, and elution of the dye from the fermented SPP was easier than from the unfermented. The main dye adsorption mechanism of fermented SPP was physical adsorption, while the adsorption mechanism of unfermented SPP was chemical adsorption.     

鱿鱼肝脏鱼油的制备及其脂肪酸组成分析

系统地研究了从鱿鱼肝脏中提取油脂与精炼鱼油的方法,并对其理化性质及脂肪酸组成进行了分析。结果表明:精炼后的鱿鱼油澄清透明,略显淡黄色,并有淡淡的鱼腥味,其各项指标均符合SC/T3502-2000鱼油一级标准;应用气相色谱/质谱法分析了鱿鱼油的脂肪酸组成,精炼鱿鱼油中多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的含量较高(36.5%),其中C20∶5(EPA)和C22∶6(DHA)的含量分别为13.1%和20.3%。     

鱿鱼内脏的营养及其开发利用

按照国标方法,对鱿鱼内脏的营养成分进行检测。结果表明,鱿鱼内脏营养丰富,每100 g鱿鱼内脏中含脂肪21.15 g,蛋白质21.24 g,钙51.46 mg,铁609.07μg和磷95.88μg。此外,鱿鱼内脏消化液中还含有18种氨基酸(包括全部人体必需氨基酸),鱿鱼内脏油脂脂肪酸中含有10.58%的EPA和15.23%的DHA,非常值得研究开发与利用。     

采用空穴阻挡层提高有机太阳电池效率的研究

为研究BCP对有机太阳电池的影响,制备了含BCP层的体相异质结电池,器件结构为：ITO/PEDOT：PSS/P3HT＋PCBM/BCP/LiF/Al。结果表明：BCP层起到了空穴阻挡和电子传输的作用,器件性能随着BCP层厚度的不同而变化,当BCP厚度为6nm时,其性能最好。     

仿生鱿鱼肉鳍扑动推进机理数值研究

在仿生机器鱿鱼的设计制作中,通过肉鳍摆动辅助腕的收缩以及喷水推进的组合,使得鱿鱼可以以多种运动形式进行游泳。为研究鱿鱼肉鳍的扑动推进机理,采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法对生物鱿鱼外形进行等比例数值建模,计算分析鱿鱼肉鳍在不同扑动角度下的水动力特性。在此基础上,通过改变肉鳍占体比例、肉鳍形状等参数,研究不同参数对鱿鱼肉鳍扑动推进性能的影响。结果显示:鱿鱼肉鳍扑动过程中肉鳍上下表面出现明显涡流区与压力差,鱿鱼在该压力差的作用下完成升沉运动与水平运动;当鱿鱼肉鳍占体比例超过0.3时,升沉力与水平推进力均随肉鳍占体比例的增加呈明显上升趋势,而阻力变化趋于稳定,适当增加肉鳍的占体比例可获得更高的扑动推进效率;横菱形肉鳍具有较高的推进效率与较低的游动阻力,在仿生鱿鱼设计中是一种较为理想的选择。研究结果为仿生机器鱿鱼的设计制作提供了计算方法和理论参考。     

Influence of surface printing materials on the degradability of biodegradable plastic films in soil

Effect of surface printing on the biodegradability of plastic films was studied. Biodegradable films (polybutylene-succinate (PBS)) printed with four kinds of gravure inks were placed in soil for 1 year. The inks consisted of carbon black-pigment with four kinds of resins: poly-(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), nitrocellulose-polyamide blended resin (NT), polyvinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer (V), and nitrocellulose (NC). Degradation of film specimens printed on one side and both sides as well as the control film without printing was monitored every 3 months by collecting sample specimens for the measurement of weight loss. No appreciable degradation was observed until 6 months after placement in soil for the control specimens and until 9 months for the printed specimens. And the degradation of the PCL- and NC-printed specimens with one-side printing and V-printed specimens with both-side printing was significantly slower than that of the control specimens without printing after 9-month placement at p < 0.05. Only after 12 months of placement, was the degradation significantly faster for the specimens printed on one side than for those printed on both sides except of the specimens printed with NC. There was no difference in biodegradability among PCL, NT, NC, and V resins. Specimens printed on both sides did not show any appreciable weight loss after 1 year in soil (percentage of maintenance of weight exceeding 98%). Microscopic observation indicated that the degradation mainly proceeded from the non-printed side to the printed side cross-sectionally.     

乌贼墨多糖提取物的制备及其对B16F10细胞的影响

为了探索乌贼墨多糖(SIP)对体外培养的B16F10细胞的生物学效应,以乌贼墨为原材料,对SIP进行提取分离,并研究SIP提取物对B16F10细胞活力、细胞内酪氨酸酶活性及黑色素合成等的影响。结果表明,SIP提取的最优条件为提取温度40℃,料液比1∶3,提取时间4h,提取次数3次,在此条件下SIP得率为14.12 mg·g~(-1)。SIP提取物对B16F10细胞形态有一定影响,对细胞活性、酪氨酸酶活性和黑色素合成均有一定抑制作用,且呈现一定剂量效应。综上可知,SIP提取物能抑制黑色素合成,具有作为美白剂的发展前景,这为乌贼墨合理利用提供了一定科学依据。     

北太平洋西经海域(175°W-170°W)温盐分布及其与柔鱼渔场关系的初步研究

根据2000年5-7月北太平洋鱿钓探捕调查所收集的海水盐度、温度及渔获量等数据,分析了调查海域表层盐度、不同水层水温的分布特征及鱿钓渔场的形成.利用聚类和相关分析方法,研究了单位捕捞努力量渔获量与表层盐度及不同水层水温的关系.结果表明,鱿钓渔场形成于表层低盐水舌和100m层水温暖水舌的交汇区,单位捕捞努力量渔获量与100m层水温相关性最好,但表层海水盐度的分布对鱿钓渔场的确定仍具有一定指示意义.