复合食品包装材料的安全性研究

介绍了复合食品包装材料中的几种主要有毒有害物质,包括添加剂、油墨、黏合剂等,并从标准制定、市场监管、科研投入、企业和消费者的责任等方面提出了加强复合食品包装材料安全性的对策,为复合食品包装材料的质量安全控制提供参考。     

鱿鱼丝不同包装条件下细菌学研究

[目的]探索鱿鱼丝贮藏期间微生物学特征。[方法]采用食品化学、微生物学和分子生物学手段,研究真空包装和普通包装条件下鱿鱼丝理化性质、微生物性质及其变化规律。[结果]在贮藏期间,鱿鱼丝水分含量为22%~26%,水分活度（Aw）为0.55~0.58,水分下降及挥发性盐基氮（T-VBN）上升幅度均低于10%,总菌数和耐热菌数分别增加10倍左右;相比普通包装,真空包装鱿鱼丝失水速度慢,挥发性盐基氮生成少,微生物繁殖少;在鱿鱼丝中分离到12株细菌,属于节杆菌属、游动微菌属、不动杆菌属等。[结论]真空包装有利于保持鱿鱼丝口感、品质,并能抑制微生物生长繁殖;鱿鱼丝中主要存在节杆菌、游动微菌、不动杆菌等细菌,今后应加强对这些微生物的控制。     

Inclusion of two differently pH‐autolysis hydrolysates of squid coproduct in diets of shrimp cultured under indoor and outdoor conditions

Squid hydrolysates obtained by autolysis without addition of lactic acid at two different pH (5 and 7) and included at 25 and 50 g kg^?1 in a commercial shrimp feed were evaluated. Shrimp fed on such diets were cultured under indoor and outdoor conditions. Diets containing both hydrolysates and included at both levels caused a higher feed consumption by shrimp. In general, shrimp fed on both hydrolysates, but particularly on that prepared at pH 7, exhibited similar or better production responses (survival, biomass, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate) compared to those fed on diets without the inclusion of hydrolysates. Shrimp cultured outdoor showed a better growth performance compared to those cultured indoor. No significant differences were found regarding the proximate composition of shrimp of any treatment. Results suggest that the free amino acids provided by squid hydrolysates contributed to improve the feed consumption and growth performance of shrimp cultured under both indoor and outdoor conditions.     

冰冻保存鱿鱼体内氧化三甲胺脱甲基酶活性测定方法的建立

建立了冰冻保存鱿鱼体内氧化三甲胺脱甲基酶(TMAOase)活性的测定方法,初步探索了鱿鱼体内甲醛的产生机理。根据TMAOase可在体外催化TMAO生成甲醛,后者可用乙酰丙酮法定量,并结合酶促反应动力学的原理,建立针对冰冻保存鱿鱼体内TMAOase活性的检测方法。建立的活性检测方法可用于检测冰冻保存的鱿鱼体内TMAOase的活性;冰冻鱿鱼体内TMAOase的活性随保存时间延长而增高。该方法简便易行,重复性较好,对深入研究TMAOase生物学特性具有一定的应用价值;在冰冻保存过程中,鱿鱼体内TMAOase活性是造成甲醛含量增高的重要原因。     

读《历代名画记》

在对《历代名画记》史学价值进行总结的同时，着重评论了其中的“五等”评画标准、笔墨式样和“疏密二体”等影响中国画风格形成发展的理论成就。     

Feed intake and growth of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., fed diets supplemented with oxytetracycline and squid extract

This study examined the long-term effects of a feeding deterrent, oxytetracycline (OTC), and a feeding stimulant, squid extract, on feed intake, growth and dry matter (DM) digestibility in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Fish were fed one of four diets for 9 weeks: 1. commercial feed formulation (basic); 2. BM (basic plus 20 g kg⁻¹ OTC); 3. BMS (BM plus 10 g kg⁻¹ squid extract); 4. BS (basic plus 10 g kg⁻¹ squid extract). OTC initially reduced the palatability of the feed, but the fish seemed to become accustomed to the taste of OTC over time. Addition of squid extract to the medicated feed (BMS) seemed to mask the aversive taste of OTC, but the effect on feed consumption was of short duration. Addition of squid extract to the basic feed (BS) had no significant effect on feed intake, growth or feed digestibility. The growth of fish fed medicated diets (BM and BMS) was depressed, probably as a consequence of reduced feed digestibility. The two additives led only to temporary changes in feed acceptability, but both growth and DM digestibility were affected by OTC. Thus, we suggest that short-term studies may be inadequate to test whether deterrent or stimulant properties of feed ingredients are of practical importance in feed formulation.     

不同干燥方法对鱿鱼片吸湿等温特性的影响

测定了冷冻干燥、热风干燥和热泵干燥的鱿鱼片在温度25℃、水分活度(aw)0.1~0.9范围内的吸湿平衡含水率,评价了8种模型与试验得到的干燥鱿鱼片在25℃下的吸湿等温线的拟合程度,以确定最佳拟合模型及其参数。结果表明,鱿鱼片的吸湿平衡含水率随aw的增大而增大。Modified Mizrah模型最适合描述鱿鱼片的吸湿等温线,其中在aw0.6段,冻干样品的平衡含湿量高于热风及热泵干燥样品,而在aw0.6段,冻干样品的平衡含湿量低于热风及热泵干燥样品,且差异随aw增大而增大。     

明胶酶解物捕获甲醛工艺的优化及其应用

为控制鱿鱼丝制品中的甲醛含量,以食用明胶酶解物为甲醛捕获剂,采用响应面法对捕获条件进行优化,并将明胶酶解物运用到秘鲁鱿鱼丝加工中,改良生产工艺,降低鱿鱼丝制品甲醛含量。结果表明,p H、温度、时间对明胶酶解物的甲醛捕获率均有显著影响,明胶酶解物捕获甲醛的最佳条件为:温度94.04℃,时间87.04 min,p H值8.99,明胶酶解物浓度1%,该条件下甲醛捕获率达94.12%。在鱿鱼丝加工中,蒸煮前将鱿鱼片浸泡在含1%明胶酶解物的溶液(料液比1∶3)中6 h,制得的鱿鱼丝成品甲醛含量为7.49 mg·kg~(-1),极显著低于原工艺组鱿鱼丝甲醛含量(13.21 mg·kg~(-1)),且对鱿鱼丝的口味和色泽无影响。综上,明胶酶解物具有较好的甲醛捕获能力,能抑制鱿鱼丝加工中甲醛的产生。本试验结果为生产食用安全的鱿鱼丝提供了指导。     

鱿鱼墨黑色素提取物对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用

为探索鱿鱼墨黑色素提取物(SIME)对体外培养的肿瘤细胞的抑制效应,通过四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法和划痕试验比较SIME对人结肠癌细胞HCT-116、宫颈癌细胞Hela、肝癌细胞Hep G2、乳腺癌细胞MCF-7和前列腺癌细胞PC-3增殖及细胞迁移能力的影响。结果表明,SIME对肿瘤细胞形态有不同程度的影响,对肿瘤细胞增殖有浓度依赖性抑制作用,并具有抑制肿瘤细胞非定向迁移的作用。SIME对HCT-116和PC-3细胞增殖的抑制作用较好,72 h时两者半数抑制浓度IC50分别为0.144mg·m L~(-1)和0.485 mg·m L~(-1)。由此可见,SIME具有较强的抗肿瘤活性,该研究结果为鱿鱼墨高值化利用提供了一定的理论依据。