略论宋代淮河流域的印刷业和文具制造业

印刷业和文具制造业是宋代淮河流域的重要手工业部门，也是淮河流域经济开发史中的一个亮点。本文从区域经济史、历史地理学的角度论述了宋代淮河流域印刷业和文具制造业的发展轨迹及其特点。     

乌贼墨多酚氧化酶的部分特性

以乌贼墨为材料，用0.05mol/L pH7.2的磷酸盐缓冲液提取多酚氧化酶（PPO），30%-80%的硫酸铵分级沉淀后通过DEAE-Sepherose CL-6B层析柱分离，合并具有较高酶活性的洗脱液，透析、浓缩后用于酶的特性研究。通过金属离子对该酶活性影响的研究表明，在mmol/L水平，铜离子和铅离子对该酶具有强烈抑制作用，但铜离子在20μmol/L浓度时，对酶却有显著激活作用。在mmol/L水平，Na^ 、K^ 、Mg^2 和Ca^2 对PPO活性无显著影响。在无机阴离子中HSO3^-对酶活性有强烈抑制作用，在10mmol/L时抑制效率达100%，而Cl^-、Br^-、I^-和SO4^2-则对PPO活性无显著影响。     

Effects of Chitin and Sepia Ink Hybrid Hemostatic Sponge on the Blood Parameters of Mice

Chitin and sepia ink hybrid hemostatic sponge (CTSH sponge), a new biomedical material, was extensively studied for its beneficial biological properties of hemostasis and stimulation of healing. However, studies examining the safety of CTSH sponge in the blood system are lacking. This experiment aimed to examine whether CTSH sponge has negative effect on blood systems of mice, which were treated with a dosage of CTSH sponge (135 mg/kg) through a laparotomy. CTSH sponge was implanted into the abdominal subcutaneous and a laparotomy was used for blood sampling from abdominal aortic. Several kinds of blood parameters were detected at different time points, which were reflected by coagulation parameters including thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplatin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB) and platelet factor 4 (PF4); anticoagulation parameter including antithrombin III (AT-III); fibrinolytic parameters including plasminogen (PLG), fibrin degradation product (FDP) and D-dimer; hemorheology parameters including blood viscosity (BV) and plasma viscosity (PV). Results showed that CTSH sponge has no significant effect on the blood parameters of mice. The data suggested that CTSH sponge can be applied in the field of biomedical materials and has potential possibility to be developed into clinical drugs of hemostatic agents.     

柔鱼（OMMASTREPHES BARTRAMI）热加工特性变化的研究

本文以北太平洋的柔鱼为原料研究柔鱼为原料研究柔鱼胴体肌肉在沸水蒸煮过程中热收缩、重量、水分及总氮的变化。通过研究发现：柔鱼胴体的纵向收缩大于横向收缩，体积、重量、水分均在４分钟时达到最大值，之后趋于稳定，而总氮损耗随蒸煮时间的延长而增大。因此为防止蒸煮过程中肌肉组织过分脱水、变硬、营养成分的过分流失，蒸煮过程应控制在３分钟以内完成，以实现合理的工艺条件。     

Ocean climate effects on the relative abundance of short-finned (Illex illecebrosus) and long-finned (Loligo pealeii) squid in the northwest Atlantic Ocean

An unusually high abundance of long‐finned squid (Loligo pealeii) was observed around southern Newfoundland in August–September 2000. The prevalence of maturing females and mature males, along with the collection of a single viable egg mop, provide the first evidence of spawning of this species at the northern limit of its geographic range of distribution. Northward expansion of the long‐finned squid population may be related to a general warming trend in Newfoundland near‐shore waters. However, trends in size and abundance of short‐finned squid (Illex illecebrosus) suggest that this expansion may also be related to reduced competition. We hypothesize that these two squid species share, to a large extent, a common niche on the eastern USA shelf and that opposing responses to ecosystem variation affect their relative abundance. We address this hypothesis by applying time‐series analysis of species‐specific fishery‐ and survey‐based abundance indices with biologic and environmental input variables. Our models indicate that direct competition is not important, but that variation in atmospheric forcing, as well as latitudinal position of the Shelf‐Slope Front (SSF), are closely related to direct oceanographic processes that exert opposing effects on these two species. While the direct oceanographic mechanisms that regulate year‐class strength remain unknown, we present a hypothesis to account for opposing population responses to oceanographic variation that operates early in the life history of both species. For the oceanic and highly migratory short‐finned squid, variation in the latitudinal position of the SSF is related to efficiency of downstream dispersal by the Gulf Stream and survival of young stages. For the neritic long‐finned squid, variation in local inshore temperature affects the time exposed to intense predation through its effect on rates of embryonic development and growth. The expansion of long‐finned squid population abundance in 2000 was associated with both warm local water temperatures and an unusual eastward displacement of the atmospheric features associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). These conditions may have resulted in an unfavorable oceanic regime for short‐finned squid but a favorable regime for long‐finned squid on the continental shelf as far north as southern Newfoundland.     

Purification and characterization of transglutaminase from squid gill

ABSTRACT: The present study used squid gill as a source of transglutaminase (TGase) because it has extremely high TGase activity compared with other tissues. The enzyme was purified using successive chromatographies of Sephacryl S-300 and hydroxyapatite columns. The yield and purification-fold of the enzymatic activity was 12.6% and 14.1-fold, respectively. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 94 kDa by using sodium dodecylsulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. Enzyme activity was enhanced 15-fold with an increase in NaCl concentration. Although the activity was dependent on Ca²⁺ concentration, it was not sufficiently activated even by 50 mM CaCl₂ in the absence of NaCl, but could be fully activated with 10 mM CaCl₂ in 0.7 M NaCl. However, in the absence of substrates, the enzyme was rapidly inactivated. The pH and temperature optima of the enzyme were approximately pH 8.0 and 20°C, respectively. It was stable in the absence of Ca²⁺ at pH 7.5–9.0 and had a rate constant (K _D ) of 1.6 × 10^–5 s^–1 for thermal inactivation at 50°C. These results in which squid gill TGase could be activated at higher concentrations of Ca²⁺ and NaCl than at a physiological concentration, suggest that contact with seawater or body fluid seems to activate the enzyme if the tissue is disrupted.     

复合酶法制备鱿鱼皮胶原蛋白抗冻肽的工艺研究

为了获得具有较高活性的抗冻肽,提高水产加工副产物的综合利用率,本试验以水解度和过氧化氢酶低温保护活性为指标,优化鱿鱼皮胶原蛋白酶解工艺,并对水解产物进行分离纯化及结构鉴定。结果表明,最佳酶解条件为：当底物浓度为4%、加酶量为4 000 U·g^-1时,先由碱性蛋白酶于pH值8、50℃条件下酶解2 h;灭酶后由木瓜蛋白酶于pH值6、45℃条件下酶解3 h。在此条件下所得酶解产物分子量主要在1 000～5 000 Da之间,经G-25凝胶柱分离后得到具有较高抗冻活性的F₂组分,其主要成分的氨基酸序列可能为Gly-Pro-Try-Pro-Ala-Ala-Asn-Ser-Pro-Glu或Glu-Pro-Ser-Asn-Ala-Ala-Pro-Try-Pro-Gly。本研究为鱿鱼皮的精深加工和新型抗冻剂的开发提供了一定的理论依据。