喷杆式喷雾机雾流方向角对药液沉积影响的试验研究

为了研究喷杆式喷雾机的雾流方向角对靶标上药液沉积量的影响,设置±40°、±30°、±20°、±10°、0° 9个雾流方向角,选用标准扇形雾喷头ST120-015,喷雾压力0.25 MPa,分别以1.18 m/s、0.59 m/s的前进速度,按照150 L/hm²和300 L/hm²的喷量针对水平靶标和垂直靶标进行喷雾试验。试验结果表明,改变雾流方向角会增加药液在水平靶标上的沉积量,药液在中部和下部靶标沉积量的增加程度比上部显著,喷量150 L/hm²和300 L/hm²的最佳喷雾雾流方向角分别为20°和30°;对于垂直靶标,喷量150 L/hm²时改变雾流方向角只会增加上部和下部靶标的药液沉积量,而喷量300 L/hm²时改变雾流方向角会使上、中、下三部分靶标的沉积量都增加,且增加程度一致。当喷量150 L/hm²时垂直靶标的最佳雾流方向角为20°～40°,喷量300 L/hm²时的最佳雾流方向角为30°。试验结果表明喷杆前进速度会对最佳雾流方向角产生影响。     

降膜蒸发器噪声现场测试分析

通过对RNJM-03型三效降膜蒸发器噪声现场测试,结合文献、调研资料,进一步验证其噪声主要由气流在热压泵中的拉伐儿喷嘴处产生,提出利用马大猷教授的气流喷注噪声公式,将可能推导出适用于该设备的噪声经验公式的设想。     

4种助剂对异丙隆防除菵草的增效作用

为了比较4种助剂Silwet 806、红太阳A8、激健、安融乐对异丙隆防除菵草Beckmannia syzigachne的增效作用及机制,采用整株生物测定法测定4种助剂与异丙隆混用后对菵草的生物活性及对小麦的安全性;采用仪器分析法测定4种助剂对异丙隆药液的表面张力、叶面接触角、干燥时间和在叶面上的沉积量的影响.结果 表...     

Biological Control of Sclerotinia Diseases of Rapeseed by Aerial Applications of the Mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans

Indoor and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of applying the mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans to the aerial parts of rapeseed plants at the flowering stage to control sclerotinia diseases caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Under controlled conditions, a petal inoculation technique was used to determine the effect of conidial suspensions of C. minitans on suppression of sclerotinia leaf blight. Results showed that C. minitans was effective in inhibiting infection initiated by ascospores of S. sclerotiorum on flower petals by restricting mycelial growth of the pathogen. Suppression of lesion development was related to the conidial concentration of C. minitans, with larger lesions at low concentration (5×10³conidia ml⁻¹), but smaller lesions at high concentration (5×10⁴ conidia ml⁻¹ or higher). When C. minitans-treated rapeseed leaves were inoculated with mycelia of S. sclerotiorum, C. minitans failed to prevent infection of leaves, but caused a significant reduction in number of sclerotia produced on the diseased leaves. No significant difference in efficacy was detected between the two isolates of C. minitans, LRC 2137 and Chy-1, on the two rapeseed cultivars, Westar (spring type) and Zhongyou 821 (winter type). Results of field trials showed a significant reduction of stem rot of rapeseed in four (1997, 1999, 2003 and 2004) out of five years by aerial application of C. minitans, compared with controls. No significant difference in suppressive efficacy was observed between the treatments of C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹), C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹) + benomyl (50 μg ml⁻¹) and benomyl (100 μg ml⁻¹) in 2003, and between the treatments of C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹), C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹) + vinclozolin (100 μg ml⁻¹) and vinclozolin (500 μg ml⁻¹) in 2004. Sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum collected from diseased plants in plots treated with C. minitans in 1999, 2000 and 2003, or with C. minitans + benomyl in 2003 were infected by C. minitans at frequencies ranging from 21.3 to 54.5%. This study concludes that aerial spraying of C. minitans is an effective method for controlling sclerotinia diseases of rapeseed.     

浅圆仓仓顶自动喷水降温试验

为了缓解夏季高温对仓温及粮温的影响,对浅圆仓仓顶进行自动喷水降温试验,利用水的蒸发带走仓顶热量,以减少外热向仓内热传递,减缓仓温和粮温上升,从而延缓粮食陈化速度,保持粮食原有品质,确保储粮安全度夏,为最终实现绿色储粮创造有利条件。     

Assessment of microbial biocontrol agent (BCA) viability to mechanical and thermal stress by simulating spray application conditions

Background

In order to improve the biological control agent (BCA) efficacy, stress factors threatening the viability of microorganisms during spray application need to be determined. The effect of spray mixture temperature and exposure time on Trichoderma harzianum T 22 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 viability were tested. Concurrently the combined effect of mechanical and thermal stress effect on BCA viability were tested at two initial spray mixture temperatures (14 and 25 °C) by simulating a spray application using airblast sprayers featured by different tank capacity and a spray liquid circuit (without and with hydraulic agitation system). To assess the BCA microorganism viability, spray mixture samples were collected at time intervals along trials and plated to count the colony forming units (CFU).

Results

The critical temperature threshold that inhibited BCA viability was 35 °C with 30 min of exposure. The sprayer type, the initial temperature of the spray mixture and the temperature increment during the trials significantly decreased the number of CFU recovered. When simulating a spray application, the spray mixture temperature increase rate was determined mainly by the residual amount of spray mixture in the tank. Even if the tank capacity does not substantially affect the final temperature reached by the spray mixture, the higher residual spray mixture in bigger tanks can expose the BCAs for a longer time to critical temperatures.

Conclusions

Experimental trials allowed us to identify the effect of factors affecting the viability of tested BCAs, providing information about the actual chance to guarantee the biological efficacy of BCA treatments. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

等离子体脉冲荷电喷雾装置

设计了一套用于荷电喷雾的高压脉冲电源和等离子发生环 ,详细介绍了脉冲电源电路、电极结构和脉冲荷电喷雾系统 ,分析了脉冲电源的荷电原理 ,检测了系统的荷质比。理论分析和试验结果表明 :在同样试验条件下 ,脉冲电源优于普通直流高压电源 ,具有起晕电压低、能耗省、工作平稳、结构紧凑等特点 ,可靠、经济、实用     

基于高压电技术的烟气脱硫研究与应用进展

分析与评述了国内外基于高压静电技术的烟气脱硫研究与应用进展,介绍了几种以高压电技术为基础的烟气脱硫新技术--电子束烟气脱硫、脉冲电晕等离子法脱硫、荷电干法烟气脱硫和荷电喷雾烟气脱硫技术;并且分析了这几种烟气处理技术的作用原理、特点和发展现状,展望了其应用前景.     

国产大型喷灌技术的发展与应用分析

喷灌机是由水泵、动力机、输水管道及喷头等组成的喷灌装置。其由田间渠道或管道供水,按预定的顺序移动工位,向农田喷水。大型喷灌机带有驱动装置或由拖拉机牵引,带有供水管道,且装有多个喷头,因而作业面积大,适合于各种作物的浇灌。为此,评述了就我国大型喷灌机技术的发展历程,评价了大型喷灌机的技术水平,分析推广应用前景作,指出了推广应用中需要注意的事项。