马铃薯Y病毒两分离物特性及其侵染寄主的超微结构比较研究

报道了马铃薯Y病毒两分离物的生物学和血清学特性、病毒粒体形态大小以及它们引起的寄主细胞病变特征等方面的差异.从山东省主要烟草和马铃薯种植区病毒样品中分离到两个马铃薯Y病毒分离物,分别为PVY-T 和PVY-P.两分离物在寄主植物上的症状表现、体外抗性、蚜传特性、血清学以及病毒粒体大小等方面存在着明显的差异.同时,这些结果与作对照的PVY标准株系PVYN 和PVYO相比较,初步推测分离物PVY-T属于PVYO株系 ,而P VY-P则属于PVYN.通过对受侵染寄主的细胞超微结构观察比较发现,这两种PVY分离物在寄主细胞内的分布特征、内含体以及与寄主互作后所引起的细胞病变也明显不同,这些可能成为区别PVY不同株系的依据之一.     

优质抗白粉病网纹甜瓜新品系的选育及利用

利用抗病的哈密瓜类型材料与网纹类型材料杂交 ,结合田间自然发病和苗期人工接种抗性鉴定 ,通过连续自交分离选择 ,获得 3个稳定的抗白粉病的网纹类型品系材料。经果实性状调查和杂交组合配制 ,3个品系均表现出网纹形成良好、果肉厚 ,折光糖含量高等特点 ,为网纹甜瓜新品种选育提供了亲本材料     

固态发酵芦笋老茎生产高蛋白反刍动物饲料的研究

通过单菌种固态发酵、复合菌种固态发酵以及不同配比的复合菌种固态发酵试验,对能够将芦笋老茎转化为反刍动物饲料的微生物菌种进行了筛选。结果表明,由青霉(Penicillium sp.)F-5、暗孢毛壳(Chaetomium atrosporum)F-21、曲霉(Aspergillus sp.)F-25菌株组成的配比为2:2:3的复合菌种是效果最好的菌种组合。芦笋老茎生料培养基经该复合菌种5 d固态发酵后,发酵产物中可溶性蛋白含量达到4.80 mg/g,与对照组相比增加了39.94%;粗蛋白含量达到11.18%,与对照组相比增加了38.54%;纤维素由22.74%降低到22.32%,降低了1.85%;木质素由12.90%降低到10.53%,降低了18.37%。这些结果证明芦笋老茎经微生物发酵后能转化为良好的高蛋白反刍动物饲料。     

水稻纹枯病生防菌株筛选及防病促生研究

通过温室和大田试验研究31株生防菌对水稻纹枯病的防治效果和对水稻秧苗的促生效果.温室试验结果表明,人工接种纹枯病痛原菌20d后,31株生防菌株中有7株对水稻纹枯病的温室防治效果在50％以上,其中KJ33的防治效果最好,防效达到61.22％;有9株生防菌株对水稻秧苗生物量的增加量超过20％.选取在温室条件下防病和促生效果较好的2LN3、K J33和1LN6生防菌进行大田试验,结果表明3次统计调查结果中,2LN3在第30天防效超过常规药剂,且超过50％.生防菌株2LN3对水稻纹枯病表现出一定的防病促生效果,具有广阔的应用前景.     

马铃薯晚疫病菌卵孢子菌系的繁育及生物学特性研究

对马铃薯晚疫病菌[Phytophthorainfestans(Mont.)deBary]卵孢子形成的影响因素及卵孢子菌系生物学特性进行研究。卵孢子形成的影响因素试验结果表明:在黑麦A培养基中卵孢子产生的量最多,其次是燕麦培养基,V8培养基最少,在Mira品种上卵孢子产生量最多,而在PB06上只有少量产生,在10℃下产生卵孢子的量最多,15℃最少。用液体培养基产生的卵孢子悬浮液涂于黑麦A抗菌素培养基或直接挑单卵孢子培养于黑麦A抗菌素培养基上,获得单卵孢子菌落,继续培养获得单卵孢子菌系。以A1和A2孢子囊等量混合制成悬浮液,接种于Mira叶片上,获得卵孢子群,经穿薯片培养获得卵孢子群菌系。将获得的单卵孢子菌系和卵孢子群菌系进行交配型、抗药性和致病性测定,结果表明:所测的18个卵孢子菌株中,有17个为A2交配型,1个为A1交配型;占75%的卵孢子菌株对甲霜灵表现为中抗,25%的表现为抗性;对非水平抗性品种表现为较强的致病性,而对水平抗性品种的致病性较弱,不同的卵孢子菌系的致病性表现较明显的差异。     

犬种布氏菌地方株的DNA中G Cmol%测定

首次利用热变性法对9株地方犬种布氏菌DNA的G C含量进行了测定,同时以2株国际标准株为对照。G C mol％值在56.6～58.4范围内,与文献报道的犬种布氏菌和我们所用的2株标准株所得的G C mol％值是一致的。各株菌经常规检定、噬菌体裂解试验、血清学检查所得的结果均符合于犬种布氏菌的特性。说明本试验测定的G C mol％值代表了犬种布氏菌的DNA分子结构比值。为我国地方菌种、特别是粗糙型布氏菌的检定提供了一个新的方法。此外,对传统的DNA提取法进行了改进,使之更便于本试验的要求。     

Immunizing efficacy of Toxoplasma gondii strains isolated from different hostsEfficacite d'immunisation par differentes souches de Toxoplasma gondii isolees de differents hotes

Studies were carried out to determine the fate of virulent Toxoplasma gondii challenge in immune animals. Toxoplasma strains isolated from human, swine, rabbit and cat hosts were used for the primary immunization of mice. Brains were removed at various intervals after the challenge and subinoculated into normal mice. Prior immunization with one of the nine toxoplasma strains enabled the mice either to eliminate or harbour the challenge organisms without loss of virulence. The outcome of challenge infection was dependent on the parasite strain used for the immunization and the time interval between challenge and subinoculation. Mice immunized with strain KSU isolated from a cat eliminated repeatedly administered challenge from 80% of animals. Strain S 162 isolated from a swine eliminated similar challenge from only 20% of animals. The results indicate that the extent of protection against virulent T. gondii can vary widely and is related to the immunogenicity of the original immunizing strain.     

Current situation of sharka disease in Ankara,Turkey

Sharka disease has a limited distribution in Turkey and does not present a problem for stone fruit production. However, sharka is the most common virus disease of apricots, plums and peaches in Ankara, although it is not a common disease in other cities in Turkey. In different parts of Ankara, 212 private gardens in 21 locations were surveyed forPlum pox virus (PPV) incidence. All together 935 trees of apricot, plum, peach, sweet cherry and sour cherry were sampled and tested for the presence ofPPV by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA).PPV was identified in numerous trees,viz. 286 apricots, 172 plums and 65 peaches. Strain differentiation ofPPV was accomplished using double-antibody sandwich indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DASI-ELISA). These assays confirmed the presence of isolates belonging toPPV-M, PPV-D and mixed infections ofPPV-M+D. This is the first report of the presence ofPPV-D and mixed infections ofPPV-M+D in Turkey. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 14, 2004.     

武陵山野生毛头鬼伞菌种分离与栽培试验

[目的]分离武陵山野生毛头鬼伞(Coprinus comatus)菌种,并进行栽培试验,为其驯化育种提供依据。[方法]用组织分离法分离野生毛头鬼伞菌种,并对该菌种进行栽培试验。[结果]毛头鬼伞菌丝体白色,有锁状联合;菌丝体生长的最适pH为6.0,最适温度为25℃,最适原种培养基是麦粒培养基。[结论]毛头鬼伞菌丝体生长速度快;用稻草栽培时,生物学效率为58.42%。     

黄连木优株果实品质及结实特性研究

在河北省武安市和涉县自然分布的黄连木天然林中选出18个优株。对18个优株的结实情况、出仁率、脂肪含量、蛋白质含量进行了测定。结果表明,18个黄连木优株中,W14、Sh6、Sh11为大粒优株,果实千粒干重在80g以上;Sh4、Sh5、Sh6、Sh7、Sh8、Sh9、W11、W12为高含油优株,果实脂肪含量在40%以上;W11、W15、Sh10为高蛋白优株,果实蛋白质含量在9%以上;果实可溶性蛋白质含量以Sh1、Sh10、W2、W11、W14、W15含量较高,在3%以上;Sh2、Sh3、W10、W13无特殊优异性状,为可以淘汰的单株。