Genetic improvement of farmed tilapias: Biochemical characterization of strain differences in Nile tilapia

Four African wild strains (Egypt, Ghana, Senegal and Kenya) and four established Asian farmed strains of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (popularly known in the Philippines as Taiwan, Thailand, Singapore and Israel) were analysed electrophoretically at 30 protein loci to estimate genetic differences among the strains. All strains shared alleles at 14 monomorphic and 16 variable loci. Among the African strains, characteristic allele frequency differences were observed at AAT-1 ^* 46 for Ghana and Senegal, ADH ^* 83 for Kenya, ADH ^* 120 for Senegal, G3PDH-2 ^* 300 for Egypt, IDDH ^* 67 for Senegal, sMDH-1 ^* 120 for Kenya and SOD ^* 150 for Senegal. Genetic distance values among the strains revealed a clustering of the farmed strains with Egypt and Ghana O. niloticus, a slight separation of the Senegal strain and a larger separation of the Kenya strain. This profile may reflect the origins of the few founder populations of this species previously introduced to Asia. It also confirms the wider genetic divergence of the Kenya strain (O. niloticus vulcani) from the others studied here, which are all O. n. niloticus. Observed heterozygosities of the strains ranged from 0.026 to 0.071, with the African wild strains the lower values (mean Ho = 0.036) and the farmed strains the higher ones (mean Ho = 0.056). The implications of these results to the ongoing tilapia genetic improvement programme in the Philippines are discussed.     

茶树菇农艺性状比较及菌株筛选分析

对17种茶树菇菌株的菌丝长势、菇体颜色、抗逆性、开伞度、产量及生物学效率等多项农艺性状进行评比实验。结果显示,茶树菇大部分菌株菌丝长势都很好,较易开伞,具有较强抗逆性,原基发生约34 d~48 d,初潮时间约40 d~53 d,且生物学效率近50%以上,其中浅灰褐色品系菌丝长势偏好。但白菇和As-F各项农艺性状均较弱。综合比较后筛选出优良的核心菌株As-1。     

几个板栗优系生长结实特性的调查分析

对高接后３ａ，综合性状优良，品种、产地与成熟期均不相同的６个板栗优系的生长结实特性进行了调查与分析，明确了板栗优系生长结实的基本特性，结果母枝粗度和结果枝粗度、数量、着生部位与雌花序数的关系，为板栗良种选育和丰产栽培提供了一定的理论依据。     

不同品系西方蜜蜂基因组DNA多态性图谱构建及杂交分析

本研究应用随机引物K（5'-CGGCCCCTGT-3'）对不同品系西蜂的基因组DNA扩增，获得了能区分不同品系西蜂的多态性DNA图谱，从多态性图谱中选取一个共同片段K1680bp，标记成探针，探针K1680bp与不同品系西蜂的基因组DNA匀有杂交，从而证明片段K1680bp是西蜂蜂种的共性，为西蜂的鉴定提供了直接依据。     

Resistance at the TM-2 locus in the tomato to tomato mosaic virus

Summary There are three known tomato mosaic virus (TMV) resistance factors, Tm-1, Tm-2 and Tm-2 ², in the tomato. Tm-2 ² is currently the most widely utilised in glasshouse cultivars. Both Tm-2 and Tm-2² can induce systemic necroses in response to virus infection. These are considered to be hypersensitive resistance reactions in view of the low virus concentrations in affected plants and because sub-inoculation usually fails to infect all plants possessing the same resistance gene. The literature relating to TMV resistance at the Tm-2 locus in the tomato is reviewed.Virulent strains may readily establish when Tm-1 or Tm-2 are used, but Tm-2 ² confers more effective resistance. The possible development of aggressive isolates capable of affecting Tm-2 ²/Tm-2² plants is discussed. The establishment of virus types which cause systemic necrosis at normal growing temperatures is considered more likely than widespread infection from fully virulent strain 2² mutants. However, the growing of crops isolated from the TMV reservoirs in the soil considerably reduces the likelihood of even this occurring.     

谷蠹磷化氢高抗性品系的抗性遗传分析

用采自广东潮州、湖北沙洋和广东阳春等3个高抗性品系的谷蠹进行了抗性遗传研究，分别对这3个高抗性品系的谷蠹和一个敏感品系的谷蠹进行纯化后，作为亲本进行一系列杂交组合试验，用LCT方法测出各个亲本及其F1代杂种（F1）、F1代对抗性亲本的回交（F1－BC）、F1代自交（F2）、敏感亲本雄性与抗性亲本雌性的杂交（F11）、抗性亲本雄性与敏感亲本雄性的杂交（F12）的浓度时间对数－死亡机率值反应曲线（LCT－P线），并对这些结果进行分析。结果表明：各地对磷化氢有高抗性的谷蠹品系的抗性遗传都为不完全显性，受两对或两对以上基因控制，并在常染色体上而非性连锁。     

低胆固醇发酵鹅肉香肠工艺参数优化

以鹅肉为原料制成鹅肉香肠,确定了以植物乳杆菌、戊糖片球菌、木糖葡萄球菌为复合菌种的最佳条件,并在单因素试验的基础上选择了菌种配比、接种量、发酵温度和时间4个因素进行正交试验。结果表明,制作鹅肉香肠的最佳的条件为:发酵时间为24h,接种量1.5%,发酵温度为30℃。     

利用同源菌株融合改良农抗5102产生菌Ⅰ.原生质体的制备、再生和融合

报道了农抗５１０２产生菌同源菌株９０－１１、ＦＲ－００８及ＷＨ－１相互之间融合研究的前期结果。３菌株原生质体制备的适宜酶解温度和时间均为３２℃和１．０～１．５ｈ，但所需溶菌酶量则有异：９０－１１为２～４ｍｇ／ｍｌ，ＦＲ－００８为６ｍｇ／ｍｌ，ＷＨ－１为２ｍｇ／ｍｌ。将各菌株的原生质体在－２０℃下冻存１个月内的相对再生率可维持在７０％以上，２个月以内仍可达６０％以上。以５０％ＰＥＧ１０００诱导融合各组合的融合频率是，９０－１１×ＷＨ－１为１０－２，ＦＲ－００８×－９０－１１以及ＦＲ－００８×ＷＨ－１均为１０－３。     

生物除磷的研究

以巢湖底泥为原料进行梯度驯化,利用平板分离技术,从底泥中分离到三株聚磷菌株,参照伯杰氏手册进行菌种分类鉴定,初步确定均属假单胞菌属(Pseudomonasspp)。通过进行相应的单因子优化实验,初步确定其最佳生长条件为:三株菌的最适生长温度为30℃;K1菌最适pH为8,K2、K3菌最适pH为7;K1、K3菌最适菌量为OD=0.4,K2菌最适菌量为OD=0.6。同时研究了氧气、碳源对这3株菌聚磷能力的影响,在厌氧条件下出现放磷现象,好氧条件下过量摄磷现象;以乙酸钠为碳源时,其聚磷率高于以乳糖、甲醇、乙醇为碳源时的摄磷量。     

小麦条锈菌突变菌株相对寄生适合度测定

测定了CY17,CY31突变菌系在感病品种铭贤169上的相对寄生适合度属性,并利用“病害量”衡量突变菌株的相对寄生适合度。结果表明:CY17各突变菌株的相对寄生适合度均高于原始菌株,其中CY17mut-4最高,CY17mut-1较高,CY17mut-3,CY17mut-2相差不大,居中;而CY17mut-5最低,各突变菌株之间的差异主要表现在夏孢子萌发率、夏孢子堆长度、严重度3个属性上。CY31突变菌株的相对寄生适合度均低于原始菌株。其中CY31mut-1,CY31mutS-1,CY31mut-2,CY31mutS-2的相对寄生适合度高,CY31mutH-1,CY31mutH-2,CY31mut-6次之,CY31mut-3,CY31mut-5,CY31mut-4最低,其突变菌株间的相对寄生适合度属性在夏孢子萌发率、夏孢子堆长度和夏孢子堆密度上有较显著差异。