Regular Production of Transgenic Wheat Mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Wheat is the number one crop both in acreage and total yield in the world. Therefore, it is very important to improve wheat by gene engineering techniques even though it belongs to the plants insensitive to gene transformation, especially to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Wheat immature embryos of 1.0-1.5mm in size, C58c1 of Agrobacterium strain harboring pPTN249, pPTN270, pPTN254, and pSIS-GFP respectively (all the vectors contain the aphA selectable gene driven by enhanced 35S promoter and a target gene controlled by ubi promoter or E35S promoter), AB medium for Agrobacterium activate culture, WCC medium for co-culture, were used in this study. The embryos with 4 days of pre-culture were transferred onto selection medium with 10mg/L geneticin, 50mg/L ticarcillin, 50mg/L vancomycin, and 50mg/L cefotaxine after 30 minutes of infection and 2 days of co-cultivation with Agrobacterium. Followed callus production,shoot regeneration on selection medium, 114 resistant plantlets were obtained from 10 transformation experiments of four genotypes. By nptⅡ ELISA (nptⅡ enzyme assay), PCR, Southern blot and leaf bleach,29 positive plants were identified from two genotypes of Bobwhite and Yanglmai 10, with an average transformation efficiency of 0.82 %. The result tested by Southern blot also showed that the transgenic plants with single- copy integration of target gene took 65.52% among total positive plants. The ELISA value of transgenic plant was also related to the copies of alien DNA integrating into wheat chromosomes, the transgenic plants with single copy integration giving higher ELISA value than the ones with 2 or 3 copies integration.     

北方烟区水肥一体化对烤烟生长、根系形态、生理及光合特性的影响

干旱抑制北方烟区烤烟的生长发育,造成烟叶产量、质量下降。为探讨北方烟区水肥一体化对烤烟田间生长、根系形态生理和光合特性的影响,以‘云烟87’为试验材料,研究了烤烟农艺性状、干物质积累量、根系形态和生理活性、光合作用、叶绿素荧光特性以及烤后烟叶经济性状在水肥一体化和沟灌常规施肥2个不同处理下的差异。结果显示,与沟灌常规施肥处理相比,水肥一体化能够促进烤烟生长发育,使田间农艺性状表现良好。水肥一体化能够明显提高根系和地上部干物质积累量,降低根冠比,显著增加根系体积、总吸收面积、活跃吸收面和比表面积以及根系活力、ATPase等相关根系形态和生理活性(P0.05)。在水肥一体化下,烤烟叶片的光合作用指标净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)和水分利用效率(WUE)以及叶绿素荧光参数PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学淬灭系数(q_p)均显著高于沟灌常规施肥(P0.05),而蒸腾速率(T_r)、非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)则明显较低(P0.05);同时,其烤后烟叶的经济性状显著高于沟灌常规施肥处理(P0.05)。研究表明,水肥一体化可以创造良好的根系形态,提高根系生理活性,增强光合作用和光能利用效率,从而促进烤烟生长发育,有助于提高烤后烟叶的经济性状。     

New approach to border line evaluations for whole sample of Williams pear (Pyrus communis)

In many processes of heat exchange, as well as in other processes of biomaterial handling, physical properties of fruit such as dimensions, shape, surface area and volume are of crucial importance. The objective of this work was to find a function which approximates pear border line, as precisely as possible, in order to calculate the surface area and volume of a pear by means of integral calculus. Previously described estimation of an average pear border line was based on the sixth order polynomial and proposed algorithm. Two new ways to calculate the Williams pear border line are the focus of this study. The first way includes spline functions as an estimation of a pear border line (i.e. four third order polynomials), while the second one uses regression function obtained by nonlinear regression method. The regression function has two independent variables, length and total length of a pear. The most precise approximation of a pear border line was obtained by nonlinear regression with R² = 97.48. This was more obvious when total pear length was smaller or greater than average total pear length. Border lines of all tested pears were determined by one regression function with large precision. Therefore, it is safe to calculate surface area and volume of a pear based on regression function and total pear length, only. Calculated volumes of the pears were compared with volumes measured by Archimedes’ method. The smallest relative error has been obtained when the volumes were calculated using the regression function as approximation of pear border line.     

电子农务信息集成平台的研究

对电子农务信息化发展中存在的信息平行采集、孤立拥有以及低效使用的现状进行分析,构建了实现农务信息资源整合的电子农务信息集成平台,并研究了实现该集成平台的关键技术,设计了电子农务信息集成平台的体系结构及资源整合架构。以促进各级部门单位的"三农"信息资源共享。     

中国农村社会事业发展对城乡发展一体化水平的影响分析

根据党的十八大报告和2013年中央一号文件要求,农村社会事业建设是农村工作的重点之一。从基础教育、公共文化、医疗卫生和其他社会事业4个方面构建评价中国农村社会事业水平的指标体系,并运用灰色关联法测算得出农村社会事业对城乡发展一体化影响程度很大,而且基础教育的影响程度最大。据此提出建议,即协调发展农村各项社会事业,优先发展基础教育,增设农村文化机构、加强农村人口和计划生育工作力度、建造农村小学校作为重点发展项目。     

一种计算混油浓度的新方法

对成品油现有混油浓度的计算方法进行了分析，提出了用改进的龙贝格积分法计算成品油混油浓度的新方法。该方法具有计算准确、累积误差小的特点，可用于实际的成品油混油切割，并给出了计算实例。     

分布式制造信息系统单元的通信

为了研究分布式制造信息系统单元之间的通信,消除单元之间的信息二义性,实现系统语义集成,应用OWL对系统单元进行描述．在前面研究成果的基础上,以加工设备与仓库单元的交互为例研究了系统单元之间的通讯,说明了系统单元之间的通信机制．为分布式制造信息系统的需求分析、设计和实施奠定了基础．     

园艺作物发育期和采收期模拟模型的最优模拟路径

为了确定通用性园艺作物发育期和采收期模拟模型的最优模拟路径,该研究获取了9 a 58茬分期播种试验观测数据,分别以黄瓜（‘津优 35’和‘津盛206’）、番茄（‘瑞粉 882’和‘普罗旺斯’）、芹菜 （‘尤文图斯’）、菠菜（‘大叶’）、香芹（‘四季’）、郁金香（‘粉色印象’、‘白日梦’、‘艾斯米’和‘夜皇后’）、茶叶（‘龙井’）为供试材料,依据作物生长发育与关键气象因子（辐射和温度）的关系,基于4类建模方法（温差法、积温法、生理发育时间法和辐热积法）构建了园艺作物发育期和采收期模拟模型,确定了模型关键参数,并以4种方式（平均值、最值均值、中值和逐步回归）集成模拟结果,最终确定模型最优模拟路径。结果表明：1）不同时间尺度发育期和采收期模拟模型的均方根误差（root mean square error,RMSE）为4.85～17.01 d,归一化均方根误差（normalized root mean square error,NRMSE）为10.65%～16.31%;不同作物发育期和采收期模拟模型的RMSE为0.50～17.08 d,NRMSE为4.33%～20.24%,郁金香发育期模拟模型最优,黄瓜采收期模拟模型最优;不同模拟方法发育期和采收期模拟模型的RMSE为0.08～24.37 d,NRMSE为0.18%～54.81%。2）通过比较不同模拟方法的模拟精度,得出逐时优于逐日时间尺度,集成方法优于单一方法模拟,正弦优于线性温度响应模式,叶温优于气温温度形式,温度响应模拟需要考虑下限和上限温度。3）最优模拟路径为先选择逐时尺度、考虑生物学下限和上限温度的正弦温度响应模式和叶温温度形式构建模型,再选择集成法优化发育期（中值集成）和采收期（逐步回归集成）模型。研究结果为指导园艺作物智慧生产管理和高效利用农业资源方面提供理论基础和技术支撑。     

Detection of monoclonal integration of bovine leukemia virus proviral DNA as a malignant marker in two enzootic bovine leukosis cases with difficult clinical diagnosis

Monoclonal integration of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) proviral DNA into bovine genomes was detected in peripheral blood from two clinical cases of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) without enlargement of superficial lymph nodes. A BLV-specific probe hybridized with 1 to 3 EcoRI and HindIII fragments in these 2 atypical EBL cattle by Southern blotting and hybridization, as well as in 3 typical EBL cattle. The probe also hybridized to a large number of EcoRI and HindIII fragments in 5 cattle with persistent leukosis. These results suggest that the detection of monoclonal integration of BLV provirus into the host genome may serve as a marker of monoclonal proliferation and malignancy in difficult to diagnose EBL cattle.     

新乡村主义与农村生态旅游发展探析——以浙江临安“绿色家园,富丽山村”的建设实践为例

立足于新乡村主义的研究视角,解析了新乡村主义蕴涵的核心理念,探究了新乡村主义的和谐发展模式,并介绍了国外的相关发展实践,总结了新乡村建设的经验与启示。结合浙江省临安市农村经济发展的典型案例,着重探讨了城乡一体化发展过程中建设现代新农村,培育特色农业,促进传统农业转型升级的问题,提出了拓展农业的多种功能,发展现代生态旅游农业,依托先进科学技术推动农业资源复合发展的观点;同时借鉴西方国家在这方面的成功经验,提出了在这一领域的创新发展中必须充分发挥政府主导和引领作用的相应政策建议。