猪伪狂犬病病毒JSSQ2013株的分离鉴定及重要功能基因序列分析

为了解江苏省猪伪狂犬病病毒(Pseudorabies virus,PRV)野毒株的特点,本研究从2013年采自江苏省宿迁市的疑似PRV感染病料中分离纯化了一株PRV病毒,对其进行了PCR和间接免疫荧光法(IFA)鉴定,并进一步在Vero细胞上测定该分离株的病毒滴度TCID50和一步生长曲线,扩增其gB、gC、gD和gE基因进行序列比对及分子遗传进化分析,并将该分离株分别接种新西兰白兔和15日龄仔猪研究其致病性。结果显示,该病毒为一株PRV,命名为PRV JSSQ2013株,纯化后的病毒滴度为10^7.8 TCID50/ml;生长曲线测定显示在感染20h后病毒滴度即达到最高,为10^8.6 TCID50/ml。与我国近几年分离的PRV变异株序列相比,PRV JSSQ2013株的gB、gC、gD和gE基因核苷酸序列同源性分别为99.5~99.6%、99.5~99.6%、99.5~99.6%和98.7~99.7%,氨基酸序列同源性分别为98.9~99.0%、99.5~99.7%、99.0~99.2%和98.1~99.3%,均高于其与经典毒株(Ea、Fa和SC株)和欧美毒株(Becker、Kaplan、Bartha、Kolchis和NIA3)的同源性;基于gB、gC、gD和gE基因的遗传进化树分析均显示PRV JSSQ2013株与国内近几年分离的PRV变异株属同一分支。该病毒接种新西兰白兔后均出现典型的PR症状,如厌食、兴奋、啃咬或用爪挠接种部位等典型症状,且在48h内全部死亡;接种仔猪后第1天开始出现典型的PR症状,第5天全部死亡。以上结果证实,从江苏省宿迁市采集的疑似PRV感染病料中分离到一株强毒力的PRV变异株。本研究为了解江苏PRV分子流行特征、丰富我国PRV分子流行病学资料及新型疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

农业综合开发扶持农民合作经济组织的调查与思考

随着农业经济体制的深化改革,农民专业合作经济组织发展迅速,覆盖领域不断拓展,服务区域不断扩大。合作层次不断提升,合作机制不断规范,不仅较好地解决了村级组织“统不了”、单家独户“办不了”、政府部门“包不了”的问题．而且有效地促进了农业结构的调整、技术的进步、产品销售,提高了农民组织化程度和农业产业化水平。     

Assessment of cross‐protection to heterologous strains of Flavobacterium psychrophilum following vaccination with a live‐attenuated coldwater disease immersion vaccine

Bacterial coldwater disease, caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum, remains one of the most significant bacterial diseases of salmonids worldwide. A previously developed and reported live‐attenuated immersion vaccine (F. psychrophilum; B.17‐ILM) has been shown to confer significant protection to salmonids. To further characterize this vaccine, a series of experiments were carried out to determine the cross‐protective efficacy of this B.17‐ILM vaccine against 9 F. psychrophilum isolates (representing seven sequence types/three clonal complexes as determined by multilocus sequence typing) in comparison with a wild‐type virulent strain, CSF‐259‐93. To assess protection, 28‐day experimental challenges of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry were conducted following immersion vaccinations with the B.17‐ILM vaccine. F. psychrophilum strains used in challenge trials were isolated from several fish species across the globe; however, all were found to be virulent in rainbow trout. The B.17‐ILM vaccine provided significant protection against all strains, with relative percent survival values ranging from 51% to 72%. All vaccinated fish developed an adaptive immune response (as measured by F. psychrophilum‐specific antibodies) that increased out to the time of challenge (8 weeks postimmunization). Previous studies have confirmed that antibody plays an important role in protection against F. psychrophilum challenge; therefore, specific antibodies to the B.17‐ILM vaccine strain appear to contribute to the cross‐protection observed to heterologous strain. The ability of such antibodies to bind to similar antigenic regions for all strains was confirmed by western blot analyses. Results presented here support the practical application of this live‐attenuated vaccine, and suggest that it will be efficacious even in aquaculture operations affected by diverse strains of F. psychrophilum.     

Biochemical comparison of lectins among three different color strains of the red alga Kappaphycus?alvarezii

The red alga Kappaphycus alvarezii is economically important as an edible species and as a source of carrageenan, and has been extensively cultivated in many tropical countries. For this species, different color strains, which differ from each another in growth rate and carrageenan content, have been reported for decades. In this study, lectins from brown, red, and green strains of K. alvarezii cultivated in Vietnam were isolated and characterized for evaluation of their biochemical properties and contents. The results showed that each color strain contained in common the three lectins, named KAA-1, KAA-2, and KAA-3, which shared the hapten-inhibition profile of hemagglutination, 20 N-terminal amino acid sequence, and equivalent molecular mass within a range of 28,016 ± 1.2 to 28,021 ± 1.8 Da, but differed in their yields, with the highest yield of KAA-2. These properties of the three isolectins were also comparable among the three different color strains. However, the sum of the yields of the three isolectins decreased in the order: red (21.4 mg) to green (15.9 mg) to brown strains (15.1 mg), from 500 g fresh alga. Thus, this algal species can be a good source of useful lectins, irrespective of color strain.     

转型期农业专业图书馆可持续发展的途径

本文针对农业专业图书馆转型期面临的挑战、困难 ,论述了专业图书馆必须坚持内涵发展、协调发展、稳定发展、重点发展 ,才能保证它的可持续发展     

海洋生境贝莱斯芽孢杆菌TCS001的鉴定及抑真菌活性

为研究海洋生境芽孢杆菌TCS001的分类地位和抑菌活性,通过形态和生理生化特征观察,并结合gyrA序列同源性分析对菌株进行了鉴定;通过平板对峙培养法测定了菌株TCS001对多种植物病原真菌的抑菌谱;采用菌丝生长速率法和凹玻片法,测定了不同浓度TCS001菌株发酵滤液对靶标菌黄瓜灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea菌丝生长和孢子萌发的影响。结果显示:该菌株为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌Bacillus velezensis,其对6种供试病原菌均有一定的抑制效果,其中对黄瓜灰霉病菌的抑制率最高,达87.66%。不同稀释倍数下,TCS001发酵滤液对黄瓜灰霉病菌均有一定的抑制作用,其中,稀释5倍时对菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制率最高,分别为96.24%和98.05%,稀释20倍时抑制率也均达90%以上。形态学观察发现,TCS001发酵滤液可导致黄瓜灰霉病菌孢子萌发芽管中间或顶端膨大畸形。研究表明,海洋生境贝莱斯芽孢杆菌TCS001极具开发为微生物农药的潜能。     

金农3优3号单季稻宽行窄株种植表现及栽培技术

金农3优3号系福建农林大学作物科学院用金农3A与金恢3号配组选育的中籼三系杂交稻,2012年通过福建省农作物品种审定。2014—2015年在大田县吴山乡阳春、科山村单季稻田进行宽行窄株示范种植,表现高产、稳产,稻谷糙米红褐色,米质好。总结了金农3优3号宽行窄株种植表现及栽培技术。     

大豆对大豆花叶病毒病抗性的研究进展

大豆花叶病毒病是我国大豆生产上的最主要病害之一,在我国东北、黄淮及南方大豆产区普遍发生,严重降低大豆产量和品质。我国不同学者曾将江苏、东北、湖北及山东等地的SMV株系做过局部划分。为促进大豆抗病育种研究成果的交流和种质的交换,南京农业大学国家大豆改良中心从不同类型种质资源和国内外鉴别系统中筛选出10个鉴别能力强、反应稳定的鉴别寄主,将我国大豆产区25个省(市)的SMV划分为22个株系;通过不同病毒分离物的全基因组序列分析,发现大豆花叶病毒和菜豆普通花叶病毒基因组重组形成的SMV新类型;从种质资源中发掘出广谱抗源科丰1号和齐黄1号等优异抗源;发现其对15个株系的抗侵染作用分别由单显性基因控制;将15个抗侵染基因定位在大豆2、6、13和14号染色体上,完成Rsc3、Rsc4、Rsc6、Rsc7、Rsc8、Rsc13、Rsc14、Rsc15、Rsc17、Rsc18等抗性基因的精细定位,发现抗性基因成簇存在;证明抗病、系统坏死、系统花叶3类症状由一组复等位基因控制;发现大豆对SMV存在数量抗性(抗扩展),它由一对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因共同控制;利用分子标记辅助选择,聚合3个抗源品种、3条染色体上的多个抗性基因,创造了兼抗20个株系的新种质;利用基因干扰原理,完成了SMV基因HC-Pro和CP及隐性大豆抗病基因eIF4E的遗传转化,在阳性后代中获得一批优异抗性材料。     

赤霉素高产菌株选育及其固态发酵研究进展

目前,工业大规模赤霉素生产采用液体深层发酵技术,但存在成本高、能耗大、环境不友好等突出问题。选育赤霉素高产菌株是提高赤霉素产量、降低生产成本的重要手段。同时,固态发酵技术以其独特优势在近30 a来重获关注,赤霉素固态发酵研究因此取得很大进展。综述了赤霉素产生菌的单一诱变、复合诱变、原生质体诱变手段,以及筛选稳定高产突变株的方法,总结了赤霉素固态发酵培养基种类以及固态发酵控制条件,并展望赤霉素固态发酵的巨大潜力。     

麦田土壤中抗铅菌株筛选及其吸附特性的研究

为研究铅污染土壤中微生物对重金属铅的耐受性及去除效果,从铅污染土壤中分离、筛选出2株抗铅菌株(BY-10和FB-6),研究其对铅的吸附特性、最佳生长条件,并对其进行鉴定。结果表明:菌株BY-10和FB-6分别为蜡状芽孢杆菌和团青霉。它们对铅的耐受质量浓度分别高达1 700,2 500 mg/L。菌株的生长条件范围较广,蜡状芽孢杆菌最适温度为35℃,团青霉最适温度为30℃;最适p H值均为7;最适装液量均为80~100 m L(250 m L摇瓶)。在初始铅质量浓度为0~600 mg/L内,随着浓度增加,菌株生长逐渐减缓,在≥400 mg/L的铅培养液中,团青霉与蜡状芽孢杆菌相比对铅的耐受性较强。在铅质量浓度一定时,随着生长时间的延长,菌株对铅的吸附率表现出先增大后减小的趋势,生物吸附量表现出同样趋势。而生长时间一定时,随着铅质量浓度的不断升高,菌株的吸附率逐渐降低,生物吸附量呈上升趋势。在铅质量浓度为150 mg/L时,蜡状芽孢杆菌和团青霉对铅的去除率达到最大,分别为66.25%和74.88%。