Effects of thermo‐resistant non‐starch polysaccharide degrading multi‐enzyme on growth performance,meat quality,relative weights of body organs and blood profile in broiler chickens

This research was conducted to study the performance and carcass parameters of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with heat‐treated non‐starch polysaccharide degrading enzyme. A total of 432 one‐day old Ross 308 broiler chickens were allocated to five treatments: (i) CON (basal diet), (ii) E1: CON + 0.05% multi‐enzyme, (iii) E2: CON + 0.1% multi‐enzyme, (iv) E3: CON + 0.05% thermo‐resistant multi‐enzyme and (v) E4: CON + 0.1% thermo‐resistant multi‐enzyme, each treatment consisted of six replications and 12 chickens in each replication. The chickens were housed in three floor battery cages during 28‐day experimental period. On days 1–7, gain in body weight (BWG) improved by feeding the diets supplemented with thermo‐resistant multi‐enzyme. On days 7–21 and 1–28, chickens fed the diets containing thermo‐resistant multi‐enzyme showed improved (p < 0.05) BWG and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to CON group. Supplementing the diets with multi‐enzyme or thermo‐resistant multi‐enzyme affected the percentage of drip loss on d 1 (p < 0.05). Drip loss percentage on days 3 and 5 and also meat colour were not affected significantly. Supplementing the diets with multi‐enzyme or thermo‐resistant multi‐enzyme did not affect the relative weights of organs but compared to CON group, relative weight of breast muscle increased and abdominal fat decreased (p < 0.05). Among measured blood constituents, chickens fed supplemented diets with thermo‐resistant multi‐enzyme showed higher (p < 0.05) IgG. Counts of red and white blood cells and lymphocyte percentage were not affected. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that supplementing pelleted diets with thermo‐resistant multi‐enzyme improved performance of broiler chickens.     

不同土地利用方式下坡面土壤养分分布特征

通过土壤养分测定,研究了重庆市长寿区代家沟小流域不同土地利用方式下坡面土壤养分分布特征.结果表明:3种坡位坡耕地的有机质和全量养分含量要远低于有林地,坡耕地和果园的速效养分要远远大于疏林地、荒草地、桑园及有林地的速效养分,果园-疏林地-有林地及有林地-桑园-坡耕地.这两种土地利用结构类型坡面具有较高的土壤养分含量;相同坡位上,土壤养分含量也不同,TP含量虽然在各个坡位中有一定差异,但只在坡顶相差很大,坡中和坡脚的含量不大.坡耕地的速效K含量要远远高于果园和有林地,果园和有林地的速效K含量相差不大.坡面土壤碱解N、有效P、速效K含量与坡位表现出显著相关性.     

来安花红品种特性及发展状况

JIN Le-zhong(Laian Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Laian,Anhui 239200)     

Effect of Addition of Al Hydroxides on Changes in Dispersibility and Charge Characteristics of Soils

Using a soil from a newly reclaimed area where high dispersibility of fine particles had led to poor physical properties in the field, changes in dispersibility and charge characteristics after artificial precipitation of Al hydroxides onto the soil were investigated. Al hydroxides were precipitated by neutralization with NaOH of an acidic A1C1₃ solution in which the soil samples were placed.

When the titration rates were changed, no significant differences in dispersibility were observed in the resultant soils. In the systems with the addition of 2 g kg^-1 or less of A1(OH)₃, dispersion ratios of clays were almost identical with those of blank samples although the specific surface areas were reduced. In the systems with 5 g kg^-1 or more of A1(OH)₃, considerable effects of Al hydroxides on reduction of clay dispersibility were recognized (e.g. 10 g kg^-1 addition yielded less than one-third of the original ratio of the clay dispersion). A slightly larger decrease in dispersion was observed by the addition of 15 g kg^-1 or more. As the amount of added Al increased, the amount of negative charges of the soil decreased while that of positive charges increased. The charge characteristics of the system with the addition of 20 g kg^-1 of A1(OH)₃ were closer to those of the adjacent forest soil which was characterized by a very low dispersibility. It was inferred that added Al hydroxides polymerized to form Al polycation species that were not readily exchangeable, neutralizing negative charges of clays, and acting as interparticle bonding between the clays. On the other hand, forest soils were considered to have acquired a physical stability against the dispersion of fine particles as free Al oxides had been accumulated in the process of natural weathering. It was concluded that charge characteristics primarily determined the dispersion and flocculation behavior of soils and that Al hydroxides were important modifiers of charge characteristics of soils.     

模拟外源性氮磷对马占相思凋落叶分解及土壤生化特性的影响

[目的]研究外源性氮和磷对马占相思凋落叶的分解速率、分解过程中N、P、K含量和土壤生化特性的影响,以便为森林土壤养分管理提供参考。[方法]以广东省云勇林场马占相思林下凋落叶为试验材料,采用尼龙网袋分解法,设置对照(CK)、施N(10 g·m~(-2))、施P(5 g·m~(-2))、施N+P(N 10 g·m~(-2)+P 5 g·m~(-2))4种处理,每隔3个月取样1次,并测定凋落叶残留量和N、P、K含量。[结果]表明:施N、P和N+P处理对马占相思凋落叶的分解均为促进作用。各处理马占相思凋落叶的N含量在分解过程中大致保持稳定,施P和N+P处理的凋落叶P含量在分解过程中总体呈波动性上升,而各处理的凋落叶K含量变化规律不明显。施N、P和N+P处理提高了马占相思林土壤的有机质和全N含量,促进脲酶、磷酸酶及过氧化氢酶的活性。[结论]施N、P和N+P处理促进了马占相思凋落叶的分解,有利于马占相思林的养分循环。     

菜阳河自然保护区3种森林类型的土壤特性

对设于菜阳河自然保护区 3种森林类型的 8块监测样地的土壤剖面调查结果得出 :3种森林土壤有较明显的差异。季节雨林土壤为粗骨性赤红壤 ,水热条件好 ,有机质等养分含量丰富 ,阳离子交换量较高。山地雨林土壤为紫色赤红壤 ,总孔隙度达 5 0 % ,通透性尚好 ,土壤氮磷钾全量较其他两类土壤低 ,有机质含量及有效氮磷钾含量与季风常绿阔叶林接近 ,交换性能较好。季风常绿阔叶林土壤主要为黄色赤红壤 ,总孔隙度达 5 6 % ,非毛管孔隙度 11 5 1% ,土壤通透性及保肥能力较好。     

马铃薯干物质积累及氮、磷、钾营养特征研究

研究马铃薯会-2的干物质积累及氮、磷、钾养分的吸收、积累和分配特征,结果表明,会-2叶片对氮、磷、钾的吸收速率与干物质积累速率的变化同步,呈双峰曲线变化,分别在现蕾期和终花期间出现峰值;块茎干物质积累及养分吸收速率呈单峰曲线,块茎干物质主要在盛花期至茎叶枯萎期形成,该期也是块茎养分积累的主要时期;终花期以前,干物质及养分主要分配在地上部分,终花期以后,主要分配在块茎中;会-2对氮(N)、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)的吸收比例为1∶0.140∶1.919;生产500kg块茎,需吸收N2.756kg,P2O50.310kg,K2O4.256kg。     

花期高温胁迫对水稻花药生理特性及花粉性状的影响

为探明花期高温胁迫对水稻花器官的影响机制,以耐热水稻品系996和热敏感水稻品系4628为材料,在人工气候室进行高温(8:00~17:00,37℃;17:00~次日8:00,30℃)和适温处理(8:00~17:00, 30℃;17:00~次日8:00,25℃), 研究高温胁迫对水稻花药抗氧化酶活性、膜透性、MDA含量及花粉性状等生理特性的影响。结果表明,高温胁迫下,水稻花药中SOD、POD、CAT、AsA-POD活性在高温胁迫初期均明显增加,尔后快速下降,耐热品系996这四种酶活性增幅大于热敏感品系4628;热敏感品系4628花药中MDA含量和膜透性在高温胁迫下增幅大于耐热性品系996;高温胁迫导致花药开裂、花粉萌发率和柱头上花粉粒数的显著下降,花粉粒直径增大。但耐热品系996的前3项参数显著高于热敏感品系4628。高温胁迫下水稻花药中保持较高抗氧化酶活性、较好的花粉散落特性和花粉萌发特性及较低的膜透性和MDA含量,是品种耐高温的生理基础。     

Fruit characterization of Cocos nucifera L. (ARECACEAE) cultivars from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica and the Philippines

Tall coconut cultivars from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica and the Philippines (San Ramón, Tagnanán, and Laguna), were evaluated for fruit characteristics. Most of the introduced cultivars showed extremely large heterogeneity. A cluster analysis, based on the Ward method, classified the palms into four groups with high internal homogeneity. Some of the evaluated coconut palms from the Costa Rican Pacific area had nut characteristics similar to the San Ramon and Tagnanan palm groups but not to the Laguna group. At the association level used (semipartial R ² = 0.10), another group which included the remaining palms sampled from the Costa Rican Pacific coast was constituted.     

商洛低山丘陵区农林复合生态系统中大豆与丹参的光合生理特性

农林复合系统作为一种传统而又新兴的土地利用和经营方式在改善商洛生态环境、增加该区农民收入、促进其生态和经济协调发展等方面发挥着非常重要的作用.为了研究林下作物的生理生态特性,对研究区农林复合系统中不同处理大豆、丹参的光合、叶绿素荧光参数进行了系统观测.结果表明,从单作到距核桃1m处,距核桃树越近,遮光愈多.各处理大豆的光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)表现出与光合有效辐射(PAR)基本一致的日变化趋势.不同处理丹参光合速率日变化趋势各不相同,且出现“午休”现象.与单作相比,各处理大豆、丹参的光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均有不同程度的降低.随着遮荫程度的提高,大豆、丹参叶绿素含量和表观量子效率(Φ)升高,光饱和点(LSP)和光补偿点(LCP)降低.二者叶绿素荧光参数最大光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ电子传递量子效率(ΦPsⅡ)以及光化学猝灭系数(qP)均有不同程度的升高,而非光化学猝灭系数(qNP)却逐渐降低.说明大豆、丹参能适应弱光环境,在较低的光照条件下正常生长.